Ministry with the poor : the role of social services in Christian evangelism

https://place.asburyseminary.edu/ecommonsatsdissertations/1604/thumbnail.jp

Alkylimidotungsten Fluorides and Related Compounds

In this work, tungsten hexafluoride derivatives have been prepared containing the strong pi -donor ligands, the oxo, the imido and the alkylimido groups, with the main emphasis of the work being on the alkylimido derivatives. The compounds WF4X(MeCN) , where X = O or NH, have been prepared by the reaction of WF6 with (Me3Si)2X in acetonitrile. When X = NH, the product is unstable to further reaction. The reactions of primary amines and their trimethyl- silyl analogues with tungsten hexafluoride have been investigated. This has resulted in the identification of compounds of the type, WF4NMe(L), where L = MeCN, EtCN, (MeO)2SO, EtOC(O)CH3 and (MeO)P(O)Me, and the salts RNH3+ WF5NR -, where R = Me, Et and Bu n. The reaction of the amine, Me3SiNHMe, with WF6 gave salts of the anion WF5NMe - and W2F9(NMe)2. In addition the compound, WF3(OMe) (NMe) [(MeO)2 P(O) Me] , has been identified. The reaction of WF6 with BuNH2 gave a very insoluble 1:3 adduct. The following techniques have been used in the study of these compounds; elemental analyses, low and high resolution mass spectrometry, infra red spectrometry Raman spectrometry and n. m. r. spectrometry. The n. m. r. spectra of these compounds have been extensively studied. The n. m. r. evidence shows that the W = N - C skeleton is linear or nearly linear. This is explained in terms of the lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen being fed into empty d-orbitals on the tungsten atom. The reaction of T1WF7 with (Me3Si)2NMe was investigated. The products were Me3SiF and an insoluble cream solid of the composition, T1WF4NMe. The structure was not found, but i. r. and low temperature Raman evidence suggested that it contains the WF4NMe moiety. Related reactions were also investigated, X-Ray powder diffraction was used in these investigations along with the previously mentioned techniques. The reactions of WF6 with Me3SnCF3 and Me3SnC6F5 gave charge transfer complexes. The reactions of MoF6 with Me4Sn or Me3SnCF3 in acetonitrile gave insoluble white solids and MeF, or MeF and CF4

Micrococcal Nuclease Does Not Substantially Bias Nucleosome Mapping

We have mapped sequence-directed nucleosome positioning on genomic DNA molecules using high-throughput sequencing. Chromatins, prepared by reconstitution with either chicken or frog histones, were separately digested to mononucleosomes using either micrococcal nuclease (MNase) or caspase-activated DNase (CAD). Both enzymes preferentially cleave internucleosomal (linker) DNA, although they do so by markedly different mechanisms. MNase has hitherto been very widely used to map nucleosomes, although concerns have been raised over its potential to introduce bias. Having identified the locations and quantified the strength of both the chicken or frog histone octamer binding sites on each DNA, the results obtained with the two enzymes were compared using a variety of criteria. Both enzymes displayed sequence specificity in their preferred cleavage sites, although the nature of this selectivity was distinct for the two enzymes. In addition, nucleosomes produced by CAD nuclease are 8–10 bp longer than those produced with MNase, with the CAD cleavage sites tending to be 4–5 bp further out from the nucleosomal dyad than the corresponding MNase cleavage sites. Despite these notable differences in cleavage behaviour, the two nucleases identified essentially equivalent patterns of nucleosome positioning sites on each of the DNAs tested, an observation that was independent of the histone type. These results indicate that biases in nucleosome positioning data collected using MNase are, under our conditions, not significant

Establishment of a promoter based chromatin architecture on recently replicated DNA can accommodate variable internucleosome spacing

Nucleosomes, the fundamental subunits of eukaryotic chromatin, are organized with respect to transcriptional start sites. A major challenge to the persistence of this organization is the disassembly of nucleosomes during DNA replication. Here, we use complimentary approaches to map the locations of nucleosomes on recently replicated DNA. We find that nucleosomes are substantially realigned with promoters during the minutes following DNA replication. As a result, the nucleosomal landscape is largely re-established before newly replicated chromosomes are partitioned into daughter cells and can serve as a platform for the re-establishment of gene expression programmes. When the supply of histones is disrupted through mutation of the chaperone Caf1, a promoter-based architecture is generated, but with increased inter-nucleosomal spacing. This indicates that the chromatin remodelling enzymes responsible for spacing nucleosomes are capable of organizing nucleosomes with a range of different linker DNA lengths

The limits of soft safety regulation: Does successful work with safety culture require SMS implementation?

Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).The Swedish Transport Agency defined contributing to a high safety culture in transport companies as a key element in its regulatory strategy. This study examines how the safety culture strategy was received and enacted by regulators and companies within each transport sector, and factors influencing this. We discuss what a regulatory agency can accomplish through a safety culture strategy, and the extent to which it is bounded by the safety management maturity level in each sector. A key question is whether safety management requires a sequential, or evolutionary development, where companies must implement well-functioning safety management systems (SMS) before being organisationally mature enough to work successfully with safety culture. Our results seem to support this assertion, as we find that transport sectors with legal SMS requirements focus on safety culture, and work with safety culture elements (e.g. reporting/just culture, continuous improvement, involvement) to ensure that the SMS is a living system. Sectors without SMS requirements (i.e. road) do not focus on safety culture. Without SMS, it seems that safety culture work equals focusing on safety commitment among managers and employees. We identify additional factors influencing organisational maturity level and safety culture focus, limiting soft safety regulation, e.g. business structure, maintaining equal conditions for competition.The limits of soft safety regulation: Does successful work with safety culture require SMS implementation?publishedVersio

Age and Age-related Diseases: Role of Inflammation Triggers and Cytokines

Cytokine dysregulation is believed to play a key role in the remodeling of the immune system at older age, with evidence pointing to an inability to fine-control systemic inflammation, which seems to be a marker of unsuccessful aging. This reshaping of cytokine expression pattern, with a progressive tendency toward a pro-inflammatory phenotype has been called “inflamm-aging.” Despite research there is no clear understanding about the causes of “inflamm-aging” that underpin most major age-related diseases, including atherosclerosis, diabetes, Alzheimer’s disease, rheumatoid arthritis, cancer, and aging itself. While inflammation is part of the normal repair response for healing, and essential in keeping us safe from bacterial and viral infections and noxious environmental agents, not all inflammation is good. When inflammation becomes prolonged and persists, it can become damaging and destructive. Several common molecular pathways have been identified that are associated with both aging and low-grade inflammation. The age-related change in redox balance, the increase in age-related senescent cells, the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) and the decline in effective autophagy that can trigger the inflammasome, suggest that it may be possible to delay age-related diseases and aging itself by suppressing pro-inflammatory molecular mechanisms or improving the timely resolution of inflammation. Conversely there may be learning from molecular or genetic pathways from long-lived cohorts who exemplify good quality aging. Here, we will discuss some of the current ideas and highlight molecular pathways that appear to contribute to the immune imbalance and the cytokine dysregulation, which is associated with “inflammageing” or parainflammation. Evidence of these findings will be drawn from research in cardiovascular disease, cancer, neurological inflammation and rheumatoid arthritis

A mixed method approach evaluating the impact of the faculty of business and hospitality's student success model within the department of business and management, in Athlone Institute of technology, over eight academic years.

Too many students drop out of higher education in their first year. OECD Countries, including Ireland, recognise student non-progression as problematic. Decades of research have established that student attrition is multifactorial. Mitigation requires a multifaceted approach. There is little evidence to contradict Tinto’s assertion that substantial gains in student retention have been hard to come by. This study describes a faculty retention project undertaken in response to high non-progression rates. The retention project evolved into a Student Success Model. It encompassed three foundation blocks, six pillars, and twenty-seven actions or interventions. This dissertation evaluated model efficacy to ascertain if a substantial gain in student retention resulted from the Student Success Model. Philosophically underpinned by pragmatism, this study followed an explanatory sequential approach. Quantitative statistics regarding non-progression, performance, withdrawal, and autumn examination success were gathered. Focus groups with model architects and participants helped explain the quantitative results. Findings showed that there was a substantial gain in retention in the Department of Business & Management. Over the selected timeframe, the departmental non-progression rate fell from 36% to 12% because of model efficacy. Non-progression rates for individual departmental programmes also reduced. Students’ performance improved, as did the success rates in the autumn repeat examinations. Improvements in rates of early withdrawals were not maintained. Model efficacy emanated from the totality of measures. Certain model actions were crucial to its success. Further research is required to establish model transferability to other institutions and disciplines. Future retention projects should to be driven in faculties and departments, as opposed to the institutional level. Such projects require accurate and timely data. Success requires a team-based approach led by faculty managers. Designing a first-year curriculum to support transition and progression is especially critical. Improving student performance in autumn repeat examinations should be prioritised

Incidence, causes and outcomes of lameness cases in a working military horse population: a field study

Reasons for performing study: Lameness is a common problem in the horse. Despite this, information on the incidence of lameness in horses in the UK is restricted to studies of lameness in performance horses, racehorses or referral hospital populations. Objectives: To determine the overall incidence and common causes of lameness in a working horse population and incidence, duration and outcome of conditions observed. Study design: Prospective questionnaire study. Methods: Questionnaires were used to record lameness episodes in 294 horses in an equine military establishment. Information recorded included age, years of service, type of work, causal lesion, time taken to return to work and outcome. Lameness problems could be reported by any staff involved in the horses' care and were diagnosed by a veterinary surgeon or qualified farrier. Trends between lame and nonlame populations were compared using Chi-square analysis. Lameness diagnoses were grouped and analysed by disease category. Results: Completed questionnaires for 273 horses were analysed. The mean monthly incidence of lameness was 2.1%, equivalent to an annual rate of 25.4 cases per 100 horses per annum, with a mean of 1.2 lameness episodes per horse in the lame population. Horse age and duration of service were not significantly different between lame and nonlame populations. The most common diagnoses were cellulitis (18.6%), skin wounds (16.3%) and foot/shoeing problems (11.6%) and 88% of cases had returned to previous levels of work by the conclusion of the study. Conclusions: This initial field study showed that lameness is a common occurrence in this working military horse population and the majority of cases make a full return to work. The most common causes of lameness identified in this study and outcomes of these conditions differ from existing literature. Potential relevance: This study highlights the need for further studies of lameness in the wider horse population

A temporal framework of large wildfire suppression in practice, a qualitative descriptive study

Suppression activities on large wildfires are complicated. Existing suppression literature does not take into account this complexity which leaves existing suppression models and measures of resource productivity incomplete. A qualitative descriptive analysis was performed on the suppression activities described in operational documents of 10 large wildfires in Victoria, Australia. A five-stage classification system summarises suppression in the everyday terms ofwildfire management. Suppression can be heterogeneous across different sectors with different stages occurring across sectors on the same day. The stages and the underlying 20 suppression tasks identified provide a fundamental description of how suppression resources are being used on largewildfires. We estimate that at least 57% of resource use on our sample of 10 large wildfires falls outside of current suppression modelling and productivity research