Effect of Electrolyte Balance in Low-Protein Diets on Broiler Performance and Tibial Dyschondroplasia Incidence

A proper dietary electrolyte balance (DEB) is essential to ensure an optimum acid-base equilibrium and broiler performance. In low-CP diets, this balance can be affected by reduction of soybean meal and inclusion of high levels of synthetic amino acids. Although, some studies have related low-protein diets supplemented with amino acids and DEB, these relations are not well explained, because some research demonstrates confusion about the deficiency and balance of nutrients. The objective of these experiments was to evaluate the DEB effects of diets with low levels of protein supplemented with amino acids on broiler performance and bone development. Results indicated that DEB and CP content influenced broiler chick performance in the starter and growing periods. There was no significant effect due to the interaction between DEB and CP content for tibial dyschondroplasia incidence (TD) or in bone breaking resistance during the growing period of either experiment. The incidence of TD was reduced with 253 mEq/kg DEB in the starter period

Requirements of Sodium and Chloride by Leghorn Laying Hens

Sodium and Cl are low-cost nutrients with great influence on feed conversion ratio (FCR), eggshell quality, and excreta moisture. Actual values of dietary requirements of these minerals for commercial laying hens are not well defined. These requirements were reevaluated in a factorial experiment using corn-soybean meal basal diets. No significant influence of Na and Cl levels was observed on egg production (%), egg weight (g), or feed intake (g/d), but levels of these minerals had variable effects on FCR, eggshell quality, and excreta moisture. The optimum requirement of Na changed according to the variable evaluated and level of Cl used

Analyses of H2O2 production in time during wound healing

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) have been traditionally con- sidered as toxic species due to their capacity to damage macromolecules. However, their deleterious effect is lim- ited to high concentrations. At lower levels, further studies have shown that at least hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) acts as a second messenger and results crucial for basic biological functions. Wound healing is one of those: in several animal models, this molecule is emitted in cellular wound margins, leading to neutrophil chemoattraction, while inducing epithe- lial cell migration during skin regeneration. Nevertheless, there are no references to this phenomenon in human ex- perimental set-ups. In this study, human keratinocyte cells (HaCaT), previously modified to express a H2O2-specific ra- tiometric fluorescent sensor (HyPer7) were monitored using live imaging after generating a mechanical-like injury. The time evolution ratio of the probe and the gap area were mea- sured for both cells near the margin and for topologically secondary cells, establishing a relationship between cytosolic H2O2 fluxes and the process of refilling a wound. In addition, comparison of movement rates between HyPer7-expressing and non-expressing HaCaT cells demonstrated a profound dependency of H2O2 availability for the process to occur.This project is the result of previous work carried out by exceptional scientists in the redox field and has been developed in the UC3M facility core CleanRooms for Bioengineering. Financial support was provided by the Madrid Government (Comunidad de Madrid) under the Multiannual Agreement with UC3M in the line of ”Research Funds for Beatriz Galindo Fellow- ships” (REDOXSKIN-CM-UC3M), and in the context of the V PRICIT (Regional Programme of Research and Technological Innovation”, and from “Proyectos de I + D + I” (PID2020-114230 GA-I00) funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/

Comparación de la participación femenina en el mercado laboral trimestres enero - marzo 2011 y 2013

En este artículo analizamos y comparamos la participación de la mujer en el en los distintos sectores económicos, a nivel nacional y regional. Para ello utilizamos antecedentes obtenidos de la Nueva Encuesta Nacional de Empleo (NENE), las cuales fueron tabuladas y estudiadas en el periodo de enero-marzo 2011 y enero-marzo 2013. Considerando como base un acabado marco teórico, analizamos la evolución histórica de la inclusión de la mujer en el ámbito laboral. Utilizando el software SPSS se logró determinar estadísticamente, la participación de la mujer en las distintas actividades económicas del país.En base al estudio realizado se puede dilucidar, que independientemente del aumento de la participación de la mujer en el mercado laboral, sigue existiendo predominancia del sexo masculino en la mayoría de las distintas actividades económicas del país. AbstractIn this article we analyze and compare the participation of women in the diferent economic sectors, national and regional levels. We use records obtained from the New National Employment Survey, which were tabulated and studied in the period January-March 2011 and January-March 2013. Considering as a theoretical framework based finish, we analyze the historical evolution of the inclusion of women in the workplace. Using SPSS statistical software is able to determine the involvement of women in economic activities of the country.Based on the study can be performed to elucidate, that regardless of the increased participation of women in the labor market, there is still a predominance of males in most of the economic activities of the country

A Low Percent Ethanol Method for Immobilizing Planarians

Planarians have recently become a popular model system for the study of adult stem cells, regeneration and polarity. The system is attractive for both undergraduate and graduate research labs, since planarian colonies are low cost and easy to maintain. Also in situ hybridization, immunofluorescence and RNA-interference (RNAi) gene knockdown techniques have been developed for planarian studies. However, imaging of live worms (particularly at high magnifications) is difficult because animals are strongly photophobic; they quickly move away from light sources and out of frame. The current methods available to inhibit movement in planarians include RNAi injection and exposure to cold temperatures. The former is labor and time intensive, while the latter precludes the use of many fluorescent reporter dyes. Here, we report a simple, inexpensive and reversible method to immobilize planarians for live imaging. Our data show that a short 1 hour treatment with 3% ethanol (EtOH) is sufficient to inhibit both the fine and gross movements of Schmidtea mediterranea planarians, of the typical size used (4–6 mm), with full recovery of movement within 3–4 hours. Importantly, EtOH treatment did not interfere with regeneration, even after repeated exposure, nor lyse epithelial cells (as assayed by H&E staining). We demonstrate that a short exposure to a low concentration of EtOH is a quick and effective method of immobilizing planarians, one that is easily adaptable to planarians of all sizes and will increase the accessibility of live imaging assays to planarian researchers

Leaf yellowing of the wheat cultivar Mace in the absence of yellowspot disease

The wheat variety Mace is currently dominating the southern wheat growing regions of Australia. It is high yielding in most environments and resistant to many diseases including yellow spot (also known as tan spot). However, observations of foliar yellowing of Mace have recently been reported in the field. This has raised concerns over a possible breakdown of resistance to yellow spot, which is caused by the necrotrophic fungal pathogen Pyrenophora triticirepentis. West Australian field samples of yellowing Mace leaves were evaluated for P. triticirepentis infection, and this pathogen was determined to be absent. Instead, Alternaria spp. were isolated from the wheat leaves. Pathogenicity assays showed that the recovered Alternaria spp. were unable to cause disease symptoms on Mace. Furthermore, spontaneous foliar lesions were observed in Mace grown in the absence of pathogens. It is therefore likely that such yellowing is a physiological trait, which will not respond to fungicide application. A marginal impact on yield cannot be excluded

Revascularization for Unprotected Left Main Coronary Artery Disease: An Evolution in Clinical Decision Making

Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) has been considered the standard therapy for unprotected (nonrevascularized) left main coronary disease (ULM). However, increasing experience with ULM percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has resulted in high procedural success and favorable early and late clinical outcomes. In particular, reduction in clinical restenosis with drug-eluting stents, evolution of procedural technique, and demonstration of favorable outcomes from comparative trials with CABG have promoted consideration of PCI as an alternative revascularization strategy in selected patients with ULM disease. This review summarizes the results from comparative studies examining PCI versus CABG for ULM disease, discusses changing indications for ULM PCI and identifies outstanding issues that must be considered before further advancing treatment recommendations