A modulated shear to entropy ratio

We study correlation functions in an equilibrated spatially modulated phase of Einstein-Maxwell two-derivative gravity. We find that the ratio of the appropriate low frequency limit of the stress-stress two point function to the entropy density is modulated. The conductivity, the stress-current and current-stress correlation functions are also modulated. At temperatures close to the phase transition we obtain analytic expressions for some of the correlation functions.Comment: 38 pages, 2 figures; v2: added reference, minor correctio

Localization landscape for Dirac fermions

In the theory of Anderson localization, a landscape function predicts where wave functions localize in a disordered medium, without requiring the solution of an eigenvalue problem. It is known how to construct the localization landscape for the scalar wave equation in a random potential, or equivalently for the Schr\"{o}dinger equation of spinless electrons. Here we generalize the concept to the Dirac equation, which includes the effects of spin-orbit coupling and allows to study quantum localization in graphene or in topological insulators and superconductors. The landscape function $u(r)$ is defined on a lattice as a solution of the differential equation $\overline{{H}}u(r)=1$, where $\overline{{H}}$ is the Ostrowsky comparison matrix of the Dirac Hamiltonian. Random Hamiltonians with the same (positive definite) comparison matrix have localized states at the same positions, defining an equivalence class for Anderson localization. This provides for a mapping between the Hermitian and non-Hermitian Anderson model.Comment: 6 pages, 6 figure

Deconfinement of Majorana vortex modes produces a superconducting Landau level

A spatially oscillating pair potential Delta(r) = Delta(0)e(2iK center dot r) with momentum K > Delta(0)/hv drives a deconfinement transition of the Majorana bound states in the vortex cores of a Fu-Kane heterostructure (a 3D topological insulator with Fermi velocity v, on a superconducting substrate with gap Delta(0), in a perpendicular magnetic field). In the deconfined phase at zero chemical potential the Majorana fermions form a dispersionless Landau level, protected by chiral symmetry against broadening due to vortex scattering. The coherent superposition of electrons and holes in the Majorana Landau level is detectable as a local density of states oscillation with wave vector root K-2 - (Delta(0)/hv)(2). The striped pattern also provides a means to measure the chirality of the Majorana fermions.Theoretical Physic

Characterization of oil-in-water emulsions stabilized by tyrosinase-crosslinked soy glycinin

The effect of crosslinked soy glycinin with tyrosinase from Bacillus megaterium (TyrBm) on o/w emulsion properties was studied. The ability of TyrBm to crosslink soy glycinin was evaluated in the presence or absence of three phenolic mediators. It was observed that crosslinking of glycinin is facilitated by a phenolic mediator and is negligible in its absence. Subsequently, the glycinin-stabilized emulsions were evaluated in two systems: (i) homogenization after crosslinking in the presence of a mediator, caffeic acid, and (ii) homogenization prior to crosslinking in the absence of caffeic acid. Emulsions were prepared using a high-pressure homogenizer and their particle size, creaming resistance, viscosity and microstructure were measured. Results indicate that the method of emulsion preparation affected the emulsion physical stability, thus, the first system led to a decrease in emulsion stability against creaming while the second system resulted with improved properties after the enzymatic treatment; Crosslinking after homogenization eliminated the need for a phenolic mediator and led to a lower creaming velocity and higher viscosity. In addition, fluorescence microscopy observations demonstrated that the crosslinking reaction of TyrBm after homogenization led to the formation of cold-set gel-like structures of small droplets linked by covalent bonds

Characterization of oil-in-water emulsions stabilized by tyrosinase-crosslinked soy glycinin

The effect of crosslinked soy glycinin with tyrosinase from Bacillus megaterium (TyrBm) on o/w emulsion properties was studied. The ability of TyrBm to crosslink soy glycinin was evaluated in the presence or absence of three phenolic mediators. It was observed that crosslinking of glycinin is facilitated by a phenolic mediator and is negligible in its absence. Subsequently, the glycinin-stabilized emulsions were evaluated in two systems: (i) homogenization after crosslinking in the presence of a mediator, caffeic acid, and (ii) homogenization prior to crosslinking in the absence of caffeic acid. Emulsions were prepared using a high-pressure homogenizer and their particle size, creaming resistance, viscosity and microstructure were measured. Results indicate that the method of emulsion preparation affected the emulsion physical stability, thus, the first system led to a decrease in emulsion stability against creaming while the second system resulted with improved properties after the enzymatic treatment; Crosslinking after homogenization eliminated the need for a phenolic mediator and led to a lower creaming velocity and higher viscosity. In addition, fluorescence microscopy observations demonstrated that the crosslinking reaction of TyrBm after homogenization led to the formation of cold-set gel-like structures of small droplets linked by covalent bonds