Effects of Inert Nanoparticles of High-Melting-Point Compositions on Grain Structure and Strength of Ni[3]Al Intermetallic Compounds

The paper represents experimental findings both in the area of effects of nanoparticles of inert high-melting-point TiN compounds on a Ni[3]Al intermetallic grain structure creation in the conditions of high temperature synthesis under pressure, and in the area of impact of grain structure modification on intermetallic compounds' strength factor temperature dependence. It was demonstrated that appending a stoichiometric composition of nanosized particles of high-melting-point inert chemical compounds (TiN) initiates a manyfold loss of average size of grain of Ni[3]Al intermetallic compounds, synthesized under pressure, as well as a sufficient intermetallic compounds' strength rise within a wide range of temperatures (up to 1 000 degree C). Electron-microscopic evaluations of a synthesized intermetallic structure with TiN nanoparticles, showed that, during the process of intermetallic polycrystalline structure creation from high temperature synthesis products melts, TiN nanoparticles are mainly spread throughout the boundaries and joints of grain structure, acting as stoppers of grain boundaries migration

The gas phase cyclization of deprotonated N-aryl-2-cyano-2-diazoacetamides

The document attached has been archived with permission from the publisher.1-Aryl-4-cyano-5-hydroxy-1,2,3-triazoles can be obtained in solution by base-catalysed cyclization of N-aryl-2-cyano-2-diazoacetamides. A similar reaction was shown to take place under conditions of negative ion chemical ionization in the ion source of a mass spectrometer. High resolution mass spectrometry, tandem mass spectrometry, charge reversal spectra, synthesis of the ions with known structures and quantum chemical calculations were used to prove the latter statement. The fact of the observed cyclization demonstrates once again the ability of mass spectrometry to study the gas phase chemical reactions that take place in solution.Vladislav V. Lobodin, Yuriy Yu. Morzherin, Tom Blumenthal, Daniel Bilusich, Vladimir V. Ovcharenko, John H. Bowie, and Albert T. Lebede

Investment in human capital as the factor of development of innovative economy in Ukraine

The issue of human capital as the main factor of innovative economic development in Ukraine. Determined the particular qualities of investment in human capital due to its nature and differences from physical capital. Using the methods of scientific analysis allowed to determine in this article the risks and threats to the effective use of human capital existing in today's economy of Ukraine, including: discrepancy vocational qualification structure, demographic situation, lower income  etc. and indicate ways of their removal.Key words: innovative economy, human capital, investments in human capital, risks and threats of innovative development, specifics of human capital.Розглянуто питання людського капіталу як основного фактору становлення інноваційної економіки в Україні. Визначено особливості інвестування в людський капітал, викликані його природою і відмінностями від фізичного капіталу. Звернута увага на характер зношування людського капіталу. Використання методів наукового аналізу дозволило визначити в даній статті існуючі в сучасній економіці України загрози і ризики ефективного використання людського капіталу, серед яких: невідповідність професійно-кваліфікаційної структури, демографічна ситуація, зниження рівня доходів  та інші  і вказати  напрями  їх усунення . Ключові слова:інноваційна економіка, людський капітал, інвестиції  в людський капітал, ризики і загрози інноваційного розвитку, особливості людського капіталу

Ba\~{n}ados-Silk-West effect with finite forces near different types of horizons: general classification of scenarios

If two particles move towards a black hole and collide in the vicinity of the horizon, under certain conditions their energy $E_{c.m.}$ in the center of mass frame can grow unbounded. This is the Ba\~{n}ados-Silk-West (BSW) effect. Usually, this effect is considered for extremal horizons and geodesic (or electrogedesic) trajectories. We study this effect in a more general context, when both geometric and dynamic factors are taken into account. We consider generic axially symmetric rotating black holes. The near-horizon behavior of metric coefficients is determined by three numbers $p,~q,$ $k$ that appear in the Taylor expansions for different types of a horizon$.$ This includes nonextremal, extremal and ultraextremal horizons. We also give general classification of possible trajectories that include so-called usual, subcritical, critical and ultracritical ones depending on the near-horizon behavior of the radial component of the four-velocity. We assume that particles move not freely but under the action of some unspecified force. We find when the finiteness of a force and the BSW effect are compatible with each other. The BSW effect implies that one of two particles has fine-tuned parameters. We show that such a particle always requires an infinite proper time for reaching the horizon. Otherwise, either a force becomes infinite or a horizon fails to be regular. This realizes the so-called principle of kinematic censorship that forbids literally infinite $E_{c.m.}$ in any act of collision. The obtained general results are illustrated for the Kerr-Newman-(anti-)de Sitter metric used as an example. The description of diversity of trajectories suggested in our work can be of use also in other contexts, beyond the BSW effect. In particular, we find the relation between a force and the type of a trajectory.Comment: 38 pages, 2 figure

Study of Myxosporea (Myxozoa), infecting worldwide mullets with description of a new species

Existing data on Myxozoa parasites infecting mullets were reviewed. The validity of nine species names was updated. Sixteen species were registered during analysis of original material collected in the Mediterranean, Black, Azov, and Japan Seas in 2004–2005. A new bivalvulid myxozoan parasite, Myxobolus adeli n. sp., was described from the inner organs of the golden grey mullet Liza aurata (Risso, 1810) collected in the Mediterranean (Ebro Delta, Spain), Black Sea (Kerch Strait, Ukraine), and Azov Sea (Genichesk, Ukraine) coastal waters. It is characterized by the presence of elongated, spindle-like cysts 0.5–1.3 mm in size, filled with wide transverse-oval spores about 6.2×7.2×4.6 μm in size, with two equal polar capsules measuring about 3.0×1.8 μm and short polar filament, turned into four coils. The obtained data show that this species differs from all previously described Myxobolus spp. with equal polar capsules. Comparative study of Myxobolus spp. recorded in worldwide mullets indicates a close relationship with M. adeli n. sp. and Myxobolus improvisus Isjumova, 1964 registered in mullets. Probably, the last species includes representatives of some different species, infecting freshwater and marine hosts

The Effect of Electron-pulse Modification of the Surface Layer on the Strength Properties of the Ni[3]Al Intermetallic Compound

In this paper it was shown that pulsed electron irradiation forms in the surface layer of the Ni[3]Al intermetallic compound samples a columnar crystal structure oriented perpendicular to the irradiated surface. The dimensions of the crystals of the columnar structure and the depth of the surface layer modification depend on the power density and the duration of the irradiation pulses - with power density increasing , the dispersion of the columnar structure increases, with increasing duration of irradiation pulses, the depth of the surface layer structure modification increases. Modification of the surface layer structure improves the strength properties of Ni[3]Al intermetallic compound samples

Synthesis of nitroxyl radical by direct nucleophilic functionalization of a C-H bond in the azadiene systems

Cyclic dinitrones underwent nucleophilic substitution of the hydrogen atom in the reaction with a paramagnetic carbanion, the lithium derivative of 4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-1-oxyl 3-oxide, to give polyfunctional nitronyl nitroxyls. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media New York