20 research outputs found

    Dynamique de l’occupation des terres et Ă©tat de la flore et de la vĂ©gĂ©tation dans le bassin supĂ©rieur de l’Alibori au Benin

    Get PDF
    La flore et la vĂ©gĂ©tation constituent des indicateurs importants de l’état de santĂ© d’un bassin hydrographique. L’objectif global de la prĂ©sente recherche est d’évaluer les effets des changements spatio-temporels de l’occupation des terres sur la flore et la vĂ©gĂ©tation du bassin supĂ©rieur de l’Alibori. La cartographie diachronique de l’occupation des terres et les inventaires phytosociologique et forestier sont les principales mĂ©thodes utilisĂ©es. Les rĂ©sultats obtenus ont rĂ©vĂ©lĂ© une rĂ©duction de prĂšs de 40 % de la superficie des formations vĂ©gĂ©tales naturelles (forĂȘts claires, savanes boisĂ©es, savanes arborĂ©es et savanes arbustives) au profit de celle des formations anthropiques (mosaĂŻques de champs et jachĂšres et agglomĂ©rations) entre 1985 et 2016. Les formations naturelles rĂ©siduelles sont Ă©tablies sur des terres marginales inaptes Ă  l’agriculture. La caractĂ©risation de la flore et de la vĂ©gĂ©tation a permis de recenser 183 espĂšces rĂ©parties en 129 genres et 53 familles. Les espĂšces soudaniennes sont les plus abondantes et les plus dominantes suivies de trĂšs prĂšs par les espĂšces pantropicales. L’indice de diversitĂ© de Shannon varie de 1,5 Ă  3 bits. La richesse spĂ©cifique varie de 9 Ă  30 espĂšces par placeau. Ces valeurs relativement faibles de la richesse spĂ©cifique et de l’indice de diversitĂ© de Shannon confirment bien l’état de dĂ©gradation de la vĂ©gĂ©tation dĂ©jĂ  rĂ©vĂ©lĂ©es par les images satellites dans ce bassin versant.Mots clĂ©s: vĂ©gĂ©tation, cartographie, dĂ©gradation, Alibori, BĂ©ninEnglish Title: Land cover dynamics and state of flora and vegetation in the upper basin of Alibori in BeninEnglish AbstractFlora and vegetation are important indicators of the health state of a watershed. The aim of this research is to assess the effects of time-space changes of land cover on the flora and vegetation in the Upper Alibori Basin. Land cover diachronic mapping and phytosociological and forest inventories are the main methods used. The results obtained revealed a reduction of 40 % of natural vegetation (woodlands, savannas woodlands, tree savannas and shrub savannas) in favor of mosaics of fields and fallows and settlements between 1985 and 2016. Residual natural formations are established on marginal lands unrelevent to agriculture. The  characterization of flora and vegetation made it possible to identify 183 species divided in 129 genera and 53 families. Sudanian species are the most abundant and dominant, followed closely by pantropical species. The Shannon Diversity Index varies from 1.5 to 3 bits. Species richness varies from 9 to 30 species per plot. These relatively low values of specific richness and Shannon's diversity index confirm this state of vegetation degradation revealed by satellite images in this watershed.Keywords: vegetation, mapping, degradation, Alibori, Beni

    Impact de la VariabilitĂ© Climatique sur la Niche Ecologique de Diospyros mespiliformis Hochst. ex A.De. dans la RĂ©gion Soudanienne au BĂ©nin (Afrique de l’Ouest)

    Get PDF
    Les espĂšces Ă  usages multiples sont de plus en plus menacĂ©es par des pressions anthropiques. Ces espĂšces peuvent Ă©galement ĂȘtre affectĂ©es par les variabilitĂ©s climatiques qui sont de plus en plus rĂ©currentes. La prĂ©sente Ă©tude vise Ă  analyser l’impact de la variabilitĂ© climatique sur la niche Ă©cologique de Diospyros mespiliformis dans la rĂ©gion soudanienne au BĂ©nin. A cet effet, 11044 donnĂ©es d’occurrences de Diospyros mespiliformis ont Ă©tĂ© combinĂ©es aux variables environnementales de deux scĂ©narii climatiques dont l’un optimiste (RCP 4.5) et l’autre pessimiste (RCP 8.5) suivant l’approche d’entropie maximale (Maxent). Dans les conditions climatiques actuelles et futures (RCP 4.5 et 8.5), plus de 80 %de la superficie de la rĂ©gion soudanienne et plus de 67 % de celle du rĂ©seau des aires protĂ©gĂ©es prĂ©sentent des probabilitĂ©s brutes d’occurrence de Diospyros mespiliformis supĂ©rieur ou Ă©gale 0,5. Cela montre que dans l’ensemble, les conditions Ă©cologiques et climatiques actuelles et futures de la rĂ©gion soudanienne sont propices Ă  la culture et Ă  la conservation de Diospyros mespiliformis Ă  l’horizon 2055. Il paraĂźt alors impĂ©rieux de mener des investigations sur le potentiel de rĂ©gĂ©nĂ©ration de cette espĂšce dans les aires protĂ©gĂ©es pour l’identification des sites prioritaires Ă  sa culture et conservation dans le future. La prise en compte de ces rĂ©sultats dans la politique forestiĂšre devrait contribuer efficacement Ă  la conservation durable de Diospyros mespiliformis. Multi-use species are increasingly threatened by anthropogenic pressures. These species can also be affected by climatic variability, which is increasingly recurrent. The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of climate variability on Diospyros mespiliformis ecological niche in the sudanian region of Benin. To this end, 11044 data on occurrences of Diospyros mespiliformis were combined with the environmental variables of two climate scenarios, one optimistic (RCP 4.5) and the other pessimistic (RCP 8.5) following the maximum entropy approach (Maxent). Under current and future climatic conditions (RCP 4.5 and 8.5), more than 80 % of the area of the sudanian region and more than 67 % of the area of the protected area network have gross probabilities of occurrence of Diospyros mespiliformis greater than or equal to 0.5. This shows that, overall, the current and future ecological and climatic conditions in the Sudanian region are favourable for the cultivation and conservation of Diospyros mespiliformis at 2055. It therefore seems imperative to investigate the regeneration potential of this species in protected areas in order to identify priority sites for its cultivation and conservation in the future. Taking these results into account in forest policy should effectively contribute to the sustainable conservation of Diospyros mespiliformis

    Spatio-temporal Dynamics of Land Use and Land Cover in the Alibori Basin in Northern Benin Republic (West Africa)

    Get PDF
    Forest ecosystems of the Alibori basin are subject to multiple anthropogenic pressures witch therefore modify their land use and their land cover. This research aims at analyzing the spatio-temporal dynamics of land use and land cover in the Alibori basin in Northern Benin. The methodological approach used is based on the diachronic analysis of land cover from Landsat 2, 7, and 8 satellite images acquired respectively in 1980, 2000, and 2020, and the evaluation of land cover change parameters (conversion rate, level of deforestation, intensity and speed of change of land cover units). The results obtained reveal that the number of classes has increased from 8 to 9 with the appearance of plantations between 1980 and 2000. Between 1980 and 2020 the basin recorded a degradation of forest formations and an anthrogenization of savannah formations. The intensity and speed of loss of area are quite rapid in dense dry forests, open forests, and wooded savannahs between 1980 and 2020. The average rate of deforestation decreased from 1.27% annually between 1980 and 2000 to 1.26% annually between 2000 and 2020

    Cartographie De La Dynamique Spatio-Temporelle Des Parcours Naturels Des Troupeaux Transhumants Dans Les Communes De Banikoara Et De Karimama Au Benin (Afrique De L’ouest)

    Get PDF
    Cattle breeding in the Districts of Banikoara and Karimama is characterized by semi-nomadic and transhumance with a food system based on the exclusive use of rangelands and crop residues; in this context, the risk of degradation of these rangelands are so high. The aim of this research is to assess the physiognomy changes recorded in these rangelands from 2000 to 2013.The techniques of the remote sensing in particular the classification of the Landsat images ETM+ of 2000 and OLI-TIRS of 2013 were used. The transition matrix was produced using the Intersect function of the software ArcGIS 10.1. In the same way, the programs "PontiusMatrix22" and "Intensity Analysis02" were used to measure the intensity and the speed of land covers units changes.Thus, the surface of riparian forests and the woodlands and savannas woodlands passed respectively from 1.86 % and 12.69 % in 2000 to 1.82 % and 6 % in 2013.Tree and shrub savannas knew a progressive evolution of their surface which passed from 37.55 % in 2000 to 40.51 % in 2013. In addition, the mosaics of fields and fallow which are used as surfaces of pasture in dries season also knew an appreciable increase in their area which passed from 47.02 % in 2000 to 51.73 % in 2013. In total, there was a regression of forest formations in favor of savanna and anthropogenic formations.The highest speed changes was recorded on the level of woodlands and savannas woodlands

    Efficacité des Aires Communautaires de Conservation de la Biodiversité (ACCB) à protéger les espÚces ligneuses menacées dans la réserve de biosphÚre du Mono (Bénin)

    Get PDF
    La crĂ©ation des rĂ©serves de biosphĂšre constitue une des stratĂ©gies adoptĂ©es pour assurer la  conservation de la biodiversitĂ©. MalgrĂ© cette disposition, l'efficacitĂ© des rĂ©serves de biosphĂšre pour garantir la conservation de la biodiversitĂ© demeure encore un sujet de discussion scientifique. Cette Ă©tude visait Ă  analyser l'efficacitĂ© de la rĂ©serve de biosphĂšre du Mono au BĂ©nin dans la conservation des espĂšces ligneuses menacĂ©es. Une modĂ©lisation de l'entropie maximale (MaxEnt) a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e pour identifier les habitats favorables de ces espĂšces ligneuses menacĂ©es. Les habitats favorables aux diffĂ©rentes espĂšces ligneuses menacĂ©es ont ensuite Ă©tĂ© superposĂ©s aux ACCB existantes pour dĂ©terminer la proportion des habitats favorables retrouvĂ©e dans ces ACCB. Les rĂ©sultats ont rĂ©vĂ©lĂ© des lacunes en matiĂšre de conservation dans la rĂ©serve de biosphĂšre du Mono, car plus de 86% des habitats favorables aux espĂšces ligneuses menacĂ©es se trouvaient hors de l’aire centrale et de la zone tampon de la rĂ©serve oĂč Ă©taient concentrĂ©s les efforts de conservation. Sur la base de ces rĂ©sultats, il est nĂ©cessaire de gĂ©nĂ©rer de nouvelles aires centrales Ă  partir des habitats appropriĂ©s des espĂšces ligneuses menacĂ©es pour rĂ©duire les lacunes de conservation dans la rĂ©serve de biosphĂšre du Mono. English title: Effectiveness of Community Areas for Biodiversity Conservation (ACCB) in protecting threatened woody plant species in the Mono biosphere reserve (Benin) The creation of biosphere reserves is one of the strategies adopted to ensure the conservation of biodiversity. However, the effectiveness of biosphere reserves in ensuring the conservation of biodiversity still remains a subject of scientific debate. This study aimed to analyse the effectiveness of the Mono biosphere reserve (Benin) in the conservation of threatened woody species. Maximum entropy modelling (MaxEnt) was performed to identify suitable habitats for these threatened woody species. The suitable habitats for the various threatened woody species were then superimposed on the existing ACCB to determine the proportion of suitable habitats found in these ACCB. The results revealed conservation gaps in the Mono biosphere reserve, as more than 86% of suitable habitats for threatened woody species were found outside the core area and buffer zone of the reserve where conservation efforts were concentrated. Based on these results, it is necessary to generate new core areas from suitable habitats of threatened woody species to reduce the conservation gaps in the Mono biosphere reserve

    Caractérisation De La Flore Et De La Structure Des Pùturages Des Aires Protégées Dans Les Communes De Ouassa-Pehunco Et De Sinende Au Nord-Benin

    Get PDF
    La satisfaction des besoins de l’homme et du bĂ©tail exerce une pression sur les ressources naturelles vĂ©gĂ©tales des aires de conservation. Cette pression anthropique influence et modifie la composition floristique, la diversitĂ© spĂ©cifique et les paramĂštres structuraux dans les aires de conservation de la biodiversitĂ© et leurs pĂ©riphĂ©ries. Les mĂ©thodes utilisĂ©es dans la prĂ©sente recherche sont la mĂ©thode de relevĂ© phytosociologique et  dendromĂ©trique et le relevĂ© linĂ©aire. La classification hiĂ©rarchique des relevĂ©s phytosociologiques sur la base de la prĂ©sence-absence des espĂšces a permis d’individualiser cinq pĂąturages. La caractĂ©risation de la structure de la vĂ©gĂ©tation Ă  travers ces pĂąturages a montrĂ© la prĂ©dominance des ligneux de petite circonfĂ©rence. Les phanĂ©rophytes sont les types biologiques les plus reprĂ©sentĂ©s alors que sur le plan chorologique, les espĂšces de l’élĂ©ment-base soudanien sont les plus reprĂ©sentĂ©es. L’indice de diversitĂ© de Shannon varie de 2,40 ± 0,66 Ă  3,17 ± 0,37 bits. La densitĂ© des ligneux varie de 315,71 ± 93,65  à 414,63 ±113,13 tiges/ha et la surface terriĂšre de 12,85 ± 3,79 Ă  26,28 ± 15,11. Quant Ă  la valeur pastorale, elle varie de 52,57 Ă  63,60. Ces diffĂ©rents indices indiquent la stabilitĂ© et la rĂ©gĂ©nĂ©ration des ligneux dans les aires de conservation de la biodiversitĂ© et leurs pĂ©riphĂ©ries

    Application De La TĂ©lĂ©dĂ©tection Et Du Sig Au Suivi Des Formations VĂ©gĂ©tales De La ForĂȘt ClassĂ©e Des Trois RiviĂšres Au Nord-Est Du BĂ©nin

    Get PDF
    The creation of protected areas was intended to counter the advance of the agricultural front and other forms of pressure on natural ecosystems, but today these pressures strongly affect these protected areas. The dynamics of the vegetation was studied in Trois Riviùres forest reserve in north-eastern Benin, based on Remote Sensing and GIS techniques. This study aims to analyse the vegetation evolution and determine the drivers of that dynamics using 1995 Landsat TM, 2013 Landsat OLI-TIRS imageries and field surveys. The supervised classification based on the ‘‘Maximum likelihood’’ algorithm was derived from ENVI 5.0 software. The transition matrix derived from Intersect function of ArcToolbox in ArcGIS 9.3 software was used to calculate the different conversion of land cover. The transition matrix was used to measure the intensities and speeds of land cover categories changes from 'PontiusMatrix22' 'and' 'Intensity Analysis02 programs. In addition, 200 household were surveyed from individual interviews and focus group on questionnaires and interview guides basis. The results show that the forest formations decreased from 48 % in 1995 to 20.4 % in 2013. The mosaics of fields and fallows have increased from 3 % to 24 %. The intensity change per land cover category shows that tree and shrub savannahs occurred the most significant change of 73 % of the study area with a 34 % of gain, 32 % of stability and 7 % of loss. In the order hand, the mosaics of fields and fallows, built up areas and dry dense forests occurred the biggest change. According to the perceptions of surveyed people, agriculture, logging and charcoal production are the main direct drivers of Trois Riviùres forest reserve degradation

    Cartographie de la biomasse forestiĂšre et Ă©valuation du carbone sĂ©questrĂ© dans la forĂȘt classĂ©e de l’OuĂ©mĂ© supĂ©rieur au Centre – BĂ©nin

    Get PDF
    La forĂȘt classĂ©e de l’OuĂ©mĂ© supĂ©rieur au Centre-BĂ©nin est un potentiel puits de carbone en dĂ©pit des pressions d’origines anthropiques qui menacent la plupart des Ă©cosystĂšmes forestiers. Cette recherche visait Ă  cartographier la biomasse forestiĂšre et le stock de carbone sĂ©questrĂ© par les formations vĂ©gĂ©tales de la forĂȘt classĂ©e de l’OuĂ©mĂ© supĂ©rieur au BĂ©nin. A cet effet, un inventaire forestier a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ© dans 73 placeaux circulaires de 18 m de rayon suivant le protocole de l’Inventaire Forestier National (IFN). Les principales donnĂ©es collectĂ©es Ă©taient le diamĂštre et la hauteur des arbres. Les images landsat OLI-TIRS de 2018 Ă  travers le NDVI ont Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ©es en combinaison avec les donnĂ©es de l’inventaire forestier in situ pour la spatialisation de la biomasse et du carbone sĂ©questrĂ©. Les rĂ©sultats obtenus ont rĂ©vĂ©lĂ© que la biomasse totale produite par les arbres dans la forĂȘt classĂ©e de l’OuĂ©mĂ© supĂ©rieur, avoisine 13 035 694 tonnes avec une quantitĂ© totale de carbone sĂ©questrĂ©e Ă©valuĂ©e Ă  6 348 383 tonnes. La distribution spatiale de la biomasse et du carbone ont montrĂ© de plus fortes quantitĂ©s de biomasse et de carbone sĂ©questrĂ© Ă  l’intĂ©rieur de la forĂȘt classĂ©e comparativement aux pĂ©riphĂ©ries surtout les zones qui sont situĂ©es le long des routes amĂ©nagĂ©es. Il est alors important d’entreprendre les actions de conservation des formations forestiĂšres en vue d’accroĂźtre leur potentiel de sĂ©questration de carbone dans l’attĂ©nuation des effets des changements climatiques au BĂ©nin.   English title: Mapping of forest biomass and assessment of sequestered carbon in the forest reserve of upper OuĂ©mĂ© in Central Benin The Upper OuĂ©mĂ© gazetted forest in Central Benin is a potential carbon sink despite the anthropogenic pressures that threaten most forest ecosystems. This research aims to map the forest biomass and carbon stock sequestered by plant communities in the Upper OuĂ©mĂ© classified forest in Benin. To this end, a forest inventory was carried out in 73 circular plots of 18 m radius following the protocol of the National Forest Inventory (IFN). The main data collected were tree diameter and height. The 2018 OLI-TIRS landsat images through NDVI were used in combination with the in situ forest inventory data for the spatialization of biomass and sequestered carbon. The results obtained show that the total biomass produced by trees in the Upper OuĂ©mĂ© classified forest is around 13 035 694 tonnes with a total amount of sequestered carbon estimated at 6 348 383 tonnes. The spatial distribution of biomass and carbon shows higher amounts of biomass and carbon sequestered inside the gazetted forest compared to the periphery, especially in areas that are located along developed roads. It is therefore important to undertake conservation actions in forest in order to increase their carbon sequestration potential in mitigating the effects of climate change in Benin

    Application Of Remote Sensing And GIS To The Mapping Of The Settlements Exposed To Flooding And Runoff Hazards In The City Of Bohicon, Benin

    No full text
    In recent years, several rainwater drainage works have been implemented in the city of Bohicon through the support of various technical and financial partners. Despite these efforts, the city of Bohicon still experiences runoff and flooding phenomena which have heavy socio-economic and environmental consequences. This research aims to determine the settlements exposed to flooding and runoff hazards in the city of Bohicon by 2030. The main methods used were diachronic land use mapping based on Landsat images from 2006, 2011, 2016 and 2021, hydrological modelling and land use modelling. The results revealed that the area of the settlements exposed to runoff hazards has increased from 568.36 ha in 2006 to 1051.30 ha in 2021; this area could reach 1066 in 2030 ha if the current trend continues. The area of the settlements exposed to flooding has increased from 45.37 ha in 2006 to 85.03 ha in 2021. If this trend continues, this area could reach 95 ha by 2030. The evolutionary trend of the settlements exposed to flooding and runoff hazards remains the same as that of the overall settlements. It is important to reduce investments in the stormwater facilities construction and then declare areas at risk of flooding as unbuildable areas. Appropriate construction measures should be promoted in areas exposed to runoff
    corecore