25 research outputs found
Communications multi-niveaux sécurisées dans une flotte de terminaux mobiles
Les matériels mobiles actuels, et les téléphones mobiles en particulier, sont équipés de différentes technologies sans fil qui augmentent et diversifient leurs capacités de communication. L utilisation combinée et efficace de ces technologies offre des possibilités variées et accrues en termes de services et d applications. Néanmoins elle requiert la réalisation d analyses fines en matiÚres de sécurité et de choix du mode de communication à utiliser en fonction de critÚres dépendant du contexte : coût énergétique, coût financier, préférences des entités impliquées, préservation de la vie privée, etc. Cette problématique est apparue comme une question clé au sein du projet Smart Urban Spaces dans le cadre duquel s inscrit cette thÚse. Notre contribution à ce projet est la création d applications collaboratives qui utilisent de façon appropriée la gamme des technologies sans fil disponibles sur les matériels considérés. En d autres termes, on cherche à utiliser les moyens de transmission les plus appropriés (au sens des critÚres indiqués plus haut) que deux ou plusieurs équipements mobiles peuvent utiliser pour réaliser leurs échanges, qui plus est, sans que cela ne nécessite de connaßtre leurs positions respectives. La transparence de la localisation des cibles devient ainsi une rÚgle. On peut synthétiser la question centrale que nous avons choisie d étudier de la maniÚre suivante : comment faire communiquer un ensemble de terminaux mobiles (des téléphones portables en particulier) de façon sécurisée en utilisant la technologie la plus adaptée en fonction du contexte ? Notre objectif est de proposer une réponse à cette question en définissant une plate-forme multi-niveaux prenant en compte les différentes technologies disponibles sur les équipements considérés. Il s agit en particulier d identifier l ensemble des éléments à prendre en compte dans la conception de la plate-forme, de les modéliser, de développer des applications de référence et de valider la pertinence des solutions proposées par des tests, ainsi que des évaluations qualitatives et quantitatives.Current mobile devices, and mobile phones in particular, are equipped with different wireless technologies that increase and diversify their communication capabilities.The combined and effective use of these technologies offers various opportunities in terms of services and applications. However, it requires detailed analysis in terms of security and choice of the communication mean to use according to context-dependent criteria : energy costs, financial costs, preferences of the involved entities, privacy issues, etc. This problem has emerged as a key issue in the Smart Urban Spaces project in which this thesis was carried out. Our contribution to this project is the creation of collaborative applications adequately using the available wireless technologies on the considered equipments. In other words, we try to use the most appropriate communication mean (according to the criteria listed above) that two or more mobile devices can use to perform exchanges (without considering their respective positions). Then, the transparency of targets localization becomes a rule.We can synthesize the central question that we have chosen to study in the following manner : how to allow a set of mobile terminals (mobile phones in particular) to securely communicate using the most appropriate technology depending on the context ? Our goal is to answer this question by defining a multilevel platform taking into account the different technologies available on the considered equipments. It is necessaty to identify the elements to consider in the design of the platform, to model them, to develop reference applications and to validate the relevance of the proposed solutions with qualitative and quantitative evaluations.BORDEAUX1-Bib.electronique (335229901) / SudocSudocFranceF
African isolates show a high proportion of multiple copies of the Plasmodium falciparum plasmepsin-2 gene, a piperaquine resistance marker
Background: Today, the development of new and well-tolerated anti-malarial drugs is strongly justifed by the emerâ
gence of Plasmodium falciparum resistance. In 2014â2015, a phase 2b clinical study was conducted to evaluate the
efcacy of a single oral dose of Artefenomel (OZ439)âpiperaquine (PPQ) in Asian and African patients presenting with
uncomplicated falciparum malaria.
Methods: Blood samples collected before treatment ofered the opportunity to investigate the proportion of mulâ
tidrug resistant parasite genotypes, including P. falciparum kelch13 mutations and copy number variation of both P.
falciparum plasmepsin 2 (Pfpm2) and P. falciparum multidrug resistance 1 (Pfmdr1) genes.
Results: Validated kelch13 resistance mutations including C580Y, I543T, P553L and V568G were only detected in
parasites from Vietnamese patients. In Africa, isolates with multiple copies of the Pfmdr1 gene were shown to be more
frequent than previously reported (21.1%, range from 12.4% in Burkina Faso to 27.4% in Uganda). More strikingly, high
proportions of isolates with multiple copies of the Pfpm2 gene, associated with piperaquine (PPQ) resistance, were
frequently observed in the African sites, especially in Burkina Faso and Uganda (>30%).
Conclusions: These fndings were considered to sharply contrast with the recent description of increased sensitivity
to PPQ of Ugandan parasite isolates. This emphasizes the necessity to investigate in vitro susceptibility profles to PPQ
of African isolates with multiple copies of the Pfpm2 gene and estimate the risk of development of PPQ resistance in
Africa
Intermediate hepatitis B virus infection prevalence among 1622 pregnant women in rural Burkina Faso and implications for motherâtoâchild transmission
ć棫(ć»ćŠ)Doctor of Philosophy in Medical Sciencećș泶性ćŠHiroshima Universit
Privation relative, relations intergroupes et processus de radicalisation
International audienc
Stratégies d'acculturation, jugement et soutien social chez les immigres : une approche intra-groupe
International audienc
StratĂ©gies dâacculturation, jugement et soutien social chez les immigrĂ©s : une approche intragroupe
International audiencePeu dâĂ©tudes en France ont examinĂ© lâimpact des stratĂ©gies dâacculturation choisies par lesimmigrĂ©s sur les relations intragroupes (pour une exception, voir Badea et al., 2015). En effet, laplupart des travaux ont concernĂ© beaucoup plus le point de vue du groupe majoritaire français enidentifiant les prĂ©fĂ©rences acculturatives significativement liĂ©es aux prĂ©jugĂ©s et Ă la discriminationenvers les immigrĂ©s (p.ex., Roblain et al., 2016). Face Ă la perception dâun rejet par la majoritĂ©, lesimmigrĂ©s peuvent chercher Ă trouver " refuge " ou " soutien " auprĂšs dâautres personnes qui sontmembres de leur " communautĂ© ". Ainsi, se confronter au rejet de la part de ses pairs, ou Ă©voluerde façon diffĂ©rente sur la base du choix dâacculturation, peut avoir autant dâimportance que dâĂȘtrerejetĂ© par la majoritĂ©, car les sources dâinfluence intragroupes peuvent parfois ĂȘtre plus fortes quecelles des exogroupes (Koch et al., 2020). Dans ce travail de recherche, nous avons souhaitĂ©examiner lâimpact des stratĂ©gies dâacculturation sur les rapports entre des immigrĂ©s issus du mĂȘmepays dâorigine. Nous nous sommes focalisĂ©s sur lâassimilation et la sĂ©paration car ce sont deuxstratĂ©gies dâacculturation qui expriment un choix tranchĂ© entre la culture dâorigine et la culturedâaccueil, impliquant ainsi lâabandon ou le maintien extrĂȘme de la culture dâorigine (Berry, 2005).Dans deux Ă©tudes interrogeant des immigrĂ©s malgaches (N = 111) et maghrĂ©bins (N = 106), unportrait fictif dâimmigrĂ© malgache ou maghrĂ©bin adoptant une stratĂ©gie dâassimilation ou desĂ©paration Ă©tait prĂ©sentĂ© aux participants. Les participants devaient faire part de leur perceptionstĂ©rĂ©otypique de la cible (compĂ©tence, sociabilitĂ©, moralitĂ©) et de leur soutien Ă la cible. Leur propreinclinaison envers les stratĂ©gies dâacculturation Ă©tait mesurĂ©e. Les rĂ©sultats ont rĂ©vĂ©lĂ© que lesimmigrĂ©s qui choisissent lâassimilation sont perçus comme plus compĂ©tents et plus sociables,surtout lorsque les participants eux-mĂȘmes prĂ©fĂšrent cette stratĂ©gie. Les immigrĂ©s qui optent pourla sĂ©paration sont perçus comme Ă©tant plus moraux (Ă©chantillon magrĂ©bin) et reçoivent davantagede soutien social (les deux Ă©chantillons), comparĂ©s Ă ceux de la condition dâassimilation, surtout parles participants qui ont fait un choix similaire dâacculturation. La discussion portera sur la nĂ©cessitĂ©de prendre en compte le contexte idĂ©ologique lorsquâon examine les rapports intragroupes desimmigrĂ©s
Prevalence and risk factors of malaria among first antenatal care attendees in rural Burkina Faso
Background: The WHO recommends continuous surveillance of malaria in endemic countries to identify areas and populations most in need for targeted interventions. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of malaria and its associated factors among first antenatal care (ANC) attendees in rural Burkina Faso. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted between August 2019 and September 2020 at the Yako health district and included 1067 first ANC attendees. Sociodemographic, gyneco-obstetric, and medical characteristics were collected. Malaria was diagnosed by standard microscopy and hemoglobin level was measured by spectrophotometry. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with malaria infection. Results: Overall malaria infection prevalence was 16.1% (167/1039). Among malaria-positive women, the geometric mean parasite density was 1204 [95% confidence interval (CI) 934â1552] parasites/”L and the proportion of very low (1â199 parasites/”L), low (200â999 parasites/”L), medium (1000â9999 parasites/”L) and high (â„ 10,000 parasites/”L) parasite densities were 15.0%, 35.3%, 38.3% and 11.4%, respectively. Age < 20 years (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 2.2; 95% CI 1.4â3.5), anemia (hemoglobin < 11 g/deciliter) (aOR: 3.4; 95% CI 2.2â5.5), the non-use of bed net (aOR: 1.8; 95% CI 1.1â2.8), and the absence of intermittent preventive treatment with sulfadoxineâpyrimethamine (aOR: 5.8; 95% CI 2.1â24.5) were positively associated with malaria infection. Conclusions: The study showed that one out of six pregnant women had a microscopy-detected P. falciparum malaria infection at their first ANC visit. Strengthening malaria prevention strategies during the first ANC visit is needed to prevent unfavorable birth outcomes.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe
La rĂ©gulation du secteur pharmaceutique dans lâespace UEMOA : des lĂ©gislations nationales vers un cadre juridique communautaire Ă fort impact
Eu Ă©gard Ă la nĂ©cessitĂ© de fĂ©dĂ©rer les ressources face aux multiples dĂ©fis du secteur pharmaceutique, de nombreuses initiatives ont Ă©tĂ© prises par lâUEMOA Ă partir des annĂ©es 2000 en vue dâoptimiser la rĂ©glementation du secteur pharmaceutique de lâUnion. Le rĂšglement n°02/2005/CM/UEMOA demeure le texte fondateur de la rĂ©glementation pharmaceutique de lâespace UEMOA. Sa mise en Ćuvre sâest faite par lâadoption dâautres textes communautaires relatifs notamment aux produits pharmaceutiques, mais aussi Ă la profession et Ă lâactivitĂ© pharmaceutique. A cĂŽtĂ© de la rĂ©glementation communautaire UEMOA concernant le mĂ©dicament vĂ©tĂ©rinaire, les initiatives dâharmonisation de la rĂ©glementation pharmaceutique au sein de lâUEMOA concernant les produits pharmaceutiques Ă usage humain ont eu un impact significatif dans les pays membres, et sont de nature Ă favoriser une meilleure protection de la santĂ© publique. En prenant appui sur la documentation disponible, notamment les textes rĂ©glementaires applicables au secteur pharmaceutique de lâespace UEMOA, cet article dĂ©crit le processus de mise en place de cette rĂ©glementation communautaire et sa portĂ©e
Low birth weight and its associated risk factors in a rural health district of Burkina Faso: a cross sectional study
Background: Low birth weight (LBW) is a major factor of neonate mortality that particularly affects developing countries. However, the scarcity of data to support decision making to reduce LBW occurrence is a major obstacle in sub-Saharan Africa. The aim of this research was to determine the prevalence and associated factors of LBW at the Yako health district in a rural area of Burkina Faso. Methods: A cross sectional survey was conducted at four peripheral health centers among mothers and their newly delivered babies. The mothersâ socio-demographic and obstetrical characteristics were collected by face-to-face interview or by review of antenatal care books. Maternal malaria was tested by standard microscopy and neonatesâ birth weights were documented. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine factors associated with LBW. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Of 600 neonates examined, the prevalence of low birth weight was 11.0%. Adjustment for socio-demographic characteristic, medical conditions, obstetrical history, malaria prevention measures by multivariate logistic regression found that being a primigravid mother (aOR = 1.8, [95% CI: 1.1â3.0]), the presence of malaria infection (aOR = 1.9, [95% CI: 1.1â3.5]), the uptake of less than three doses of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine for the intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnancy (IPTp-SP) (aOR = 2.2, [95% CI: 1.3â3.9]), the presence of maternal fever at the time of delivery (aOR = 2.8, [95% CI: 1.5â5.3]) and being a female neonate (aOR = 1.9, [95% CI: 1.1â3.3]) were independently associated with an increased risk of LBW occurrence. The number of antenatal visits performed by the mother during her pregnancy did not provide any direct protection for low birth weight. Conclusion: The prevalence of LBW remained high in the study area. Maternal malaria, fever and low uptake of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine doses were significantly associated with LBW and should be adequately addressed by public health interventions.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe