Déterminants de la supplémentation en vitamine A chez les enfants âgés de 6 à 59 mois au Sénégal en 2017 : Étude transversale

Abstract Introduction: Vitamin A supplementation (VAS) is one of the strategies to prevent vitamin A deficiency. The objective was to study the determinants of VAS in Senegal. Method: This was a secondary analysis of the Demographic and Health Survey conducted in 2017. Two-stage cluster sampling was used. The study population consisted of children aged 6-59 months. Logistic regression was used to identify the determinants of VAS. The adjusted odds ratio (AOR) and its 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were calculated. Results: VAS coverage was 63.8%. Its determinants were residence in the South-East (AOR = 2.88; CI95%= 2.19-3.79), Centre (AOR = 2.77; CI95%= 2.14-3.59) and North (AOR =3.57; CI95%= 2.69-7.73) regions, household size ≥ 10 (AOR = 1.28; CI95%= 1.11-1.49), sibling size ≥ 4 (AOR =1.23 ; CI95%= 1.07-1.43), and delivery in a health facility (ARO = 1.35; CI95%= 1.01-1.80), radio use (ARO = 1.46; CI95%= 1.20-1.77), television use (AOR = 1.33; CI95%= 1.12-.157), age group 12-59 months (AOR = 2.5; CI95%=2.14-2.92), vaccination with penta3 (AOR =2; CI95% : 1,53-2,62). Conclusion: VAS coverage is not optimal. Home-based VAS in the western region, promotion of institutional delivery, mass communication, strengthening of vaccinators' knowledge on VAS would be necessary.  La supplémentation en vitamine A (SVA) est une des stratégies de prévention de la carence en vitamine A. L’objectif était d’étudier les déterminants de la SVA au Sénégal. Il s’agissait d’une analyse secondaire de l’enquête démographique et de santé conduite en 2017. Un échantillonnage en grappes à deux degrés était réalisé. La population d’étude était constituée des enfants âgés de 6 à59 mois. La régression logistique a permis l’identification des déterminants de la SVA. L’odds ratio ajusté (ORA) et son intervalle de confiance à 95% (IC95%) étaient calculés. La couverture en SVA était de 63,8%. Ses déterminants étaient le fait de résider dans les régions Sud-Est (ORA = 2,88 ; IC95%= 2,19-3,79), Centre (ORA = 2,77; IC95% = 2,14-3,59) et Nord  (ORA =3,57; IC95%= 2,69-7,73), la taille du ménage ≥ 10 (ORA = 1,28 ; IC95%= 1,11-1,49), la taille de la fratrie ≥ 4 (ORA =1,23 ; IC95%= 1,07-1,43), et l’accouchement en établissement sanitaire (ORA = 1,35 ; IC95%= 1,01-1,80), l’utilisation de la radio (ORA = 1,46 ; IC95%= 1,20-1,77), l’utilisation de la télévision (ORA = 1,33; IC95%= 1,12-,157), la tranche d’âge 12-59 mois (ORA = 2,5 ; IC95%=2,14-2,92), la vaccination par le penta3 (ORA =2 ; IC95% :1,53-2,62). La couverture en SVA n’est pas optimale. La SVA à domicile dans la région Ouest, la promotion de l’accouchement institutionnel, la communication de masse, le renforcement des connaissances des vaccinateurs sur la SVA seraient nécessaires.

Associated factors to hypertension, known poorly controlled hypertension and newly diagnosed hypertension among people aged 18-70 in Senegal

Introduction: In this study, we aimed to determine the factors associated with hypertension, known poorly controlled hypertension and newly diagnosed hypertension in 2015 in order to improve the prevention of this pathology in our country. Materials and Methods: This was a secondary analysis of the national WHO STEPwise survey database. It was quantitative, descriptive with an analytical aim. The sampling was done in stratification in three stages of sampling. Statistical analysis was performed using Rstudio 4.0.2 software. It was a descriptive, bivariate and multivariate analysis using binomial logistic regression for explanatory purposes. Results: The risk factors for being hypertensive among 18-70-year-olds in Senegal in 2015 are: having taken their blood pressure at least once in their life, having taken their cholesterol levels at least once in their life, having received advice to reduce salt consumption, have received advice on how to reduce the amount of sugar, be lean BMI, overweight, obesity III, be between 35-39 and 65-70 years old. The protective factors are: checking the salt content indicated on the labels, Consuming salt-rich dishes “often” compared to “never”, The risk factors for being newly diagnosed with hypertension among 18-70-year-olds in Senegal in 2015 are: having a history of stroke, having a resting heart rate greater than 80 beats per minute, consuming palm oil, have high fasting blood sugar. The protective factors are: Having a high average number of meals eaten per week not prepared at home, checking the salt content indicated on the labels, and being of the female sex. The risk factors for being known to have poorly controlled hypertension among 18-70-year-olds in Senegal in 2015 are: judging their reduction in salt consumption “Very important”, and having received advice to reduce their salt consumption. The protective factors are: performing physical activity only when traveling and limiting the consumption of salty-ready meals. Conclusion: Senegalese family cooking exposes to hypertension, small actions limiting salt consumption strongly protect against hypertension, and simple physical activity during travel strongly protects against hypertension, but the health system is very little proactive in the primordial and primary prevention of hypertension

Déterminants de la supplémentation en vitamine A chez les enfants âgés de 6 à 59 mois au Sénégal en 2017 : Étude transversale

Abstract Introduction: Vitamin A supplementation (VAS) is one of the strategies to prevent vitamin A deficiency. The objective was to study the determinants of VAS in Senegal. Method: This was a secondary analysis of the Demographic and Health Survey conducted in 2017. Two-stage cluster sampling was used. The study population consisted of children aged 6-59 months. Logistic regression was used to identify the determinants of VAS. The adjusted odds ratio (AOR) and its 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were calculated. Results: VAS coverage was 63.8%. Its determinants were residence in the South-East (AOR = 2.88; CI95%= 2.19-3.79), Centre (AOR = 2.77; CI95%= 2.14-3.59) and North (AOR =3.57; CI95%= 2.69-7.73) regions, household size ≥ 10 (AOR = 1.28; CI95%= 1.11-1.49), sibling size ≥ 4 (AOR =1.23 ; CI95%= 1.07-1.43), and delivery in a health facility (ARO = 1.35; CI95%= 1.01-1.80), radio use (ARO = 1.46; CI95%= 1.20-1.77), television use (AOR = 1.33; CI95%= 1.12-.157), age group 12-59 months (AOR = 2.5; CI95%=2.14-2.92), vaccination with penta3 (AOR =2; CI95% : 1,53-2,62). Conclusion: VAS coverage is not optimal. Home-based VAS in the western region, promotion of institutional delivery, mass communication, strengthening of vaccinators' knowledge on VAS would be necessary.  La supplémentation en vitamine A (SVA) est une des stratégies de prévention de la carence en vitamine A. L’objectif était d’étudier les déterminants de la SVA au Sénégal. Il s’agissait d’une analyse secondaire de l’enquête démographique et de santé conduite en 2017. Un échantillonnage en grappes à deux degrés était réalisé. La population d’étude était constituée des enfants âgés de 6 à59 mois. La régression logistique a permis l’identification des déterminants de la SVA. L’odds ratio ajusté (ORA) et son intervalle de confiance à 95% (IC95%) étaient calculés. La couverture en SVA était de 63,8%. Ses déterminants étaient le fait de résider dans les régions Sud-Est (ORA = 2,88 ; IC95%= 2,19-3,79), Centre (ORA = 2,77; IC95% = 2,14-3,59) et Nord  (ORA =3,57; IC95%= 2,69-7,73), la taille du ménage ≥ 10 (ORA = 1,28 ; IC95%= 1,11-1,49), la taille de la fratrie ≥ 4 (ORA =1,23 ; IC95%= 1,07-1,43), et l’accouchement en établissement sanitaire (ORA = 1,35 ; IC95%= 1,01-1,80), l’utilisation de la radio (ORA = 1,46 ; IC95%= 1,20-1,77), l’utilisation de la télévision (ORA = 1,33; IC95%= 1,12-,157), la tranche d’âge 12-59 mois (ORA = 2,5 ; IC95%=2,14-2,92), la vaccination par le penta3 (ORA =2 ; IC95% :1,53-2,62). La couverture en SVA n’est pas optimale. La SVA à domicile dans la région Ouest, la promotion de l’accouchement institutionnel, la communication de masse, le renforcement des connaissances des vaccinateurs sur la SVA seraient nécessaires.

Evaluation of Prescribing Indicators in a Paediatric Population Seen in an Outpatient Consultation at the Gaspard Kamara Health Centre in 2019 (Senegal)

Introduction: Data on drug use in paediatrics are scarce in Senegal. The objective of this study was to assess the prescribing indicators in a paediatric population seen in an outpatient consultation at a Health Centre in Dakar, Senegal. Methods: A retrospective and analytical study was conducted. The study population consisted of prescriptions for children aged 0 to 14 years who were seen in ambulatory consultation between 1 June and 30 November 2019. The sample size was 600 prescriptions. The systematic survey was then conducted. Five prescription indicators recommended by the World Health Organization were calculated. The R software was used for descriptive analysis, bivariate analysis and binomial logistic regression. Results: The average number of drugs per prescription was 2.56. The proportion of drugs prescribed under the International Nonproprietary Name (INN) was 18.9%, while the proportion of drugs on the National Essential Medicines List (NEML) was 41.3%. The proportions of prescriptions with at least one antibiotic and one injectable product were 41.5% and 1.3%, respectively. Conclusions: This study showed that prescribing habits were inadequate. Thus, it would be necessary to move towards continuing training of prescribers in the wise use of medicines

Factors Associated with Utilization of Health Services in Rural Area in Ferlo, Senegal

International audienc

Vaccination against tuberculosis, polio and hepatitis B at birth in Podor health district, Northern Senegal: cross-sectional study of vaccination coverage and its associated factors

International audienceAbstract Background In Senegal, studies focusing specifically on vaccination coverage with the Bacille de Calmette et Guérin (BCG) vaccine, the birth dose of oral polio vaccine (OPV zero dose) and the birth dose of hepatitis B (HepB-BD) vaccine are insufficient. This study aimed to highlight vaccination coverages with birth doses and factors associated with timely vaccination in Podor health district. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out from June 19 to 22, 2020. The study population consisted of children aged 12 to 23 months of which 832 were included. A stratified two-stage cluster survey was carried out. The sources of data were home-based records (HBR), health facility registries (HFR) and parental recalls. Timely vaccination refers to any vaccination that has taken place within 24 h after birth. Descriptive analyzes, the chi-square test and logistic regression were performed. Results The crude vaccination coverages with BCG, OPV zero dose and HepB-BD were 95.2%, 88.3% and 88.1%, respectively. Vaccination coverages within 24 h after birth were estimated at 13.9%, 30% and 42.1%, respectively. The factors associated with timely HepB-BD are delivery in a health facility (AOR = 1.55; 95% CI = 1.02–2.40), access to television (AOR = 1.63; 95% CI = 1.16–2.29), weighing (AOR = 3.92; 95% CI = 1.97–8.53) and hospitalization of the newborn immediately after birth (AOR = 0.42; 95% CI = 0.28–0.62). Conclusion Timely administration of birth doses is a challenge in the Podor health district. The solutions would be improving geographic access to health facilities, involving community health workers, raising awareness and integrating health services

Assessment of General Public’s Knowledge and Opinions towards Antibiotic Use and Bacterial Resistance: A Cross-Sectional Study in an Urban Setting, Rufisque, Senegal

Background: Bacterial resistance is a major public health problem worldwide. One solution to this scourge is to sensitize the general public on rational use of antibiotics. Our goal was to assess people’s knowledge and opinions about antibiotic use and bacterial resistance in an urban setting. Method: We performed a cross-sectional study. A convenience sampling was done. A questionnaire was administered to 400 persons during face-to-face interviews. Results: Most respondents thought that antibiotics are effective against colds/flu (69.8%), cough (72.3%) and sore throat (64.4%). At the same time, 42.8% stated that antibiotic therapy can be stopped as soon as the symptoms disappear. Only 8.8% and 41.8% of people knew that handwashing and vaccination prevented bacterial resistance. Globally, 7% of people had a good knowledge. Socio-demographic variables were not associated with the level of knowledge. The main sources of information were entourage and pharmacy staff. Regarding the opinions, 78.3% of surveyed participants the people thought that that people overuse antibiotics. Additionally, 28% said that they have no role to play against bacterial resistance. Conclusion: People living in an urban setting had a low knowledge about antibiotic use and bacterial resistance. There is a need to implement awareness campaigns. Further studies on population practices toward antibiotic use are necessary

Factors associated with diabetes knowledge, attitudes and practices among people aged 18 and over in the commune of Niakhene in Senegal.

More than 422 million people worldwide have diabetes in 2016, and 1.6 million deaths are attributed to diabetes each year. Knowledge of preventive measures would enable the adjustment of preventive policies. Hence this study on knowledge and practices in rural Senegal. This was a cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical survey of subjects aged at least 18 and living in the commune of Niakhene, carried out in October 2020. A systematic random sample, stratified by sex and age group, was used. The questionnaire was based on the STEPS 2015 tool and a review of the literature. In addition to personal characteristics, the questionnaire was used to measure knowledge of symptoms, complications, risk factors, attitude to the disease and screening practices. Descriptive and analytical analyses were performed using R 4.0.2 software. A total of 300 subjects were surveyed. The average age was 35.3 years (+/-16.9), and 52.3% were women. Knowledge (62.7%) was associated with higher education (ORaj2.46{1.16-3.44}), awareness by healthcare staff (ORaj2.88{1.60-5.34}), and a family history of diabetes (ORaj3.09{1.06-11.3}). The positive attitude (53%) was associated with male sex (ORaj1.98{2.07-7.52}), awareness via audio-visual information sources (ORaj3.87{2.07-7.52}), community awareness (ORaj 3.87{2.07-7.52}), existence of a family history of hypertension and knowledge of diabetes (ORaj3.34{2.5-7.69}). Screening was carried out in 34.3% of patients. The associated risk factors were male sex (ORaj 1.95{1.12-3.34}), higher education (ORaj2.49{1.12-559}) and positive attitudes to diabetes (ORaj1.83{1.04-3.26}). One of the most effective interventions against this disease is the adoption of preventive measures which involve early detection and strengthening communication for more effective prevention