Antimicrobial susceptibility of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae causing urinary tract infections in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

Objective: To determine the frequency of extended-spectrum beta lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL) and other antibioticsresistant bacteria in urinary tract isolates.Study Design: prospective and experimental study.Methodology: Place and duration of study :YalgadoOuedraogo University Hospital Center, Charles De Gaulle Pediatric Hospital Center, Saint Camille Hospital and National Public Health Laboratory, Ouagadougou, from November 2014 to October 2015.AllEnterobacteriaceaestrains isolated from urinary samples of patients were identifiedusing API 20E chemical gallery (BioMerieux, France). All strains were subjected to an array of 14 antibiotics to study their drug susceptibility by using Kirby- Baeurdisk diffusion method. Detection of ESBL was carried out by double disk diffusion technique. Statistical analysis was performed by Microsoft Excel and Anova one-way GrapPad Prism version 5.01. Chi-square (χ2) test was used to determine significance. A p˂ 0.05was considered to be statistically significant.Results: A total of 324 isolates of Enterobacteriaceae were identified during the study period, including211(65%) E. coli, 75 (23%)Klebsiella spp., 18 (6%) Enterobacter spp., 11 (3%)Proteus spp., 5 (2%) Citrobacter spp., Serratia spp. 3 (1%).All the clinical isolates were susceptible to imipenem. Resistance to amikacinwas 14% (45/324); gentamicin 54% (175/324); tobramycin 58% (187/324); nalidixic acid 72% (234/324),ciprofloxacin 63% (204/324) and to cotrimoxazole 83% (269/324).The overall rate of the EBSL producing strains was 35% (114/324). Their susceptibility to antibiotics was (imipenem,amikacin, cefoxitin and fosfomycin) 100% (114/114), 93% (106/114), 74% (84/114) and 84% (96/114) respectively. ESBL positivity within individual organism group was highest inEscherichia coli 64% (73/324) followed byKlebsiellaspp. 28% (32/324), Enterobacterspp. 3% (4/324), Proteus spp. and Citrobacterspp. 2% (2/324).Conclusion: The results showeda high frequency of ESBL producing Enterobacteriaceae, especially Escherichia coli and Klebsiellaspp. The data points to theneed of routine detection and surveillance of ESBL producing bacteria in Burkina Faso.Keywords: Antimicrobial susceptibility, Enterobacteriaceae, Urine, Burkina Fas

Onchocercoma of the scalp: A case report

Onchocerciasis or river blindness is a parasitic disease caused by Onchocerca volvulus transmitted to humans by the byte of a black fly of the species Simulium. This pathology, which is a part of the Neglected tropical Disease (NTDs), has been resurgent for some years in certain regions of Burkina Faso. We report a case of onchocercoma with the aim of describing the anatomopathological aspects of this pathology. These were two (02) biopsy fragments from a scalp nodule in an 8-year-old boy, received in the pathology laboratory for examination. In this case study, we recall that onchocerciasis is manifested mainly by skin lesions, subcutaneous nodules and ocular lesions. Histologically, the skin lesions present as a dermatitis with adult worms in the superficial dermis within a predominantly eosinophilic inflammatory infiltrate. Nodules or onchocercomas, usually subcutaneous, consist of fibrous, inflammatory tissue with a predominance of eosinophils and adult worms including females containing microfilariae. Ocular lesions begin with punctate keratitis with a snowflake image. Sclerosis with opacification of the cornea progressively sets in, causing blindness

Biomarqueur tumoral ca15-3 dans les cancers du sein au laboratoire de l’hôpital du Mali : A propos de 30 cas

Objectif : étudier les variations du taux plasmatique du marqueur tumoral CA15-3 dans le cancer du sein, chez les patientes prélevées au laboratoire de l’hôpital du Mali.Malades et méthodes : Il s’agissait d’une étude prospective du taux  sérique du CA15.3 chez les patientes admises pour un cancer du sein à l’hôpital du Mali, de janvier à octobre 2017. Trente (30) patientes ont été colligées. Les paramètres étudiés étaient le type histologique et le grade Scarf Bloom et Richardson (SBR), le taux sérique du CA 15.3. La  concentration moyenne du CA 15-3 a été comparée, aux variables clinique et anatomopathologique.Résultats : L’âge moyen était de 47.3±11.4 ans. Les patientes étaient ménopausées dans 53% des cas, 3% avaient des antécédents familiaux de cancer du sein. En fonction du stade de la maladie à l’admission, le taux moyen du CA 15-3 était plus élevé au moment du diagnostic (58.47 UI/ml) qu’après le traitement (43.6 UI/ml) et plus faible au moment du suivi (38.76 UI/ml) p<0,026. Le taux moyen de CA 15.3 était plus élevé pour le cancer du sein droit (74.6 UI/ml) par rapport au gauche (39.21 UI/ml) (p<0.0001). Il était plus élevé chez les patientes âgées de 35-45 ans (93.4 UI/ml), plus faible chez les patientes ménopausées (37.5 UI/ml) et les patientes ayant un antécédent maternel de cancer du sein (23,84 UI/ml). Il était variable selon le grade SBR et le type histologique (p <0.000). La sensibilité globale du test était de 70% et variait en fonction du grade SBR (42.8- 92.8%) et du type histologique (70% à 100%).Conclusion : Le biomarqueur CA 15.3 a montré de l’intérêt pour le  diagnostic et le pronostic du cancer du sein chez la femme, la sensibilité du marqueur par rapport à l’étude histologique était de 70%.Mots clés : cancer du sein, CA15-3, histologie.Tumor biomarker ca15-3 in breast cancer at laboratory of hôpital du Mali : about 30 casesObjective: to study the variations of the plasma level of tumor marker  CA15-3 in breast cancer, in patients taken from the laboratory of the hospital of Mali.Patients and methods: This was a prospective study of serum CA15.3   levels in patients admitted for breast cancer at the Mali Hospital. To January from October 2017, thirty (30) patients were collected. We  compiled the histological type information and grade Scarf Bloom and  Richardson (SBR), the serum CA 15.3 level. Mean CA 15-3 concentration was compared to clinical and pathological variables.Results: The mean age was 47.3 ± 11.4 years old. Patients were  postmenopausal in 53% of cases, 3% had a family history of breast cancer. The breasts were tied equally. Depending on the stage of the disease at admission, the mean CA 15-3 level was higher at the time of diagnosis (58.47 IU / ml) than after treatment (43.6 IU / ml) and lower at follow-up (38.76 IU / ml) p <0.026. The mean CA 15.3 level was higher for right breast cancer (74.6 IU / ml) compared to the left (39.21 IU / ml) (p <0.0001). They were higher in the 35-45 age group (93.4 IU / ml), lower in postmenopausal women (37.5 IU / ml) and the maternal history of breast cancer (23.84 IU / ml). They were variable according to SBR grade and histological type (p <0.000). The overall sensitivity of the test was 70% and variable according to SRB grade (42.8-92.8%) and histological type (70% to 100%).Conclusion: The biomarker Ca 15.3 showed interest in the diagnosis and prognosis of breast cancer in women, the sensitivity of the marker  compared to the histological study was 70%.Keywords: breast cancer, CA15-3, histology

Transfer of Pseudomonas pictorum Gray and Thornton 1928 to genus Stenotrophomonas as Stenotrophomonas pictorum comb. nov., and emended description of the genus Stenotrophomonas

A polyphasic taxonomic approach including analysis of phenotypic, physiological and genotypic characteristics, 16S rRNA gene sequence and DNA–DNA hybridization analysis was used to determine the most consistent affiliation of Pseudomonas pictorum . Pseudomonas pictorum ATCC 23328T exhibited phenotypic traits of members of the genus Stenotrophomonas including cellular fatty acid composition, quinone and limited range of substrates that could be used. Antibiotic susceptibility and physiological characteristics were determined. The DNA G+C content was 65.7 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the type strains of Stenotrophomonas terrae , Stenotrophomonas humi , Stenotrophomonas nitritireducens and Stenotrophomonas acidaminiphila were the nearest relatives (16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 98.0 to 98.8 %). All the other type strains of species of the genus Stenotrophomonas showed high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities (96.8 to 97.2 %). DNA–DNA hybridizations revealed 31.0, 32.0, 43.3 and 43.6 % reassociation between Pseudomonas pictorum ATCC 23328T and the type strains of S. terrae , S. humi , S. nitritireducens and S. acidaminiphila , respectively. Our overall results indicate that Pseudomonas pictorum should be transferred to the genus Stenotrophomonas as a novel species of this genus, Stenotrophomonas pictorum comb. nov. Since the original description of the genus Stenotrophomonas was made with only one species ( Stenotrophomonas maltophilia ), an emendation of the genus description is proposed in order to match better with the characteristics of the eleven novel species assigned to this genus since then

Isolation and characterization of Desulfovibrio burkinensis sp. nov. from an !african ricefield, and phylogeny of Desulfovibrio alcoholivorans

A sulfate-reducing bacterium, strain HDvT (T = type strain), was isolated from an anoxic ricefield soil. Cells were Gram-negative, non-sporulating curved rods motile by means of a single polar flagellum. Cytochrome c3 and desulfoviridin were present. In the presence of sulfate, glycerol, 1,2- and 1,3-propanediol, dihydroxyacetone, pyruvate, lactate, fumarate, maleate, malate and succinate were incompletely oxidized mainly to acetate. Sulfite, thiosulfate, elemental sulfur, furmarate, maleate, malate and dihydroxyacetone were fermented. The DNA base composition was 67mol% G+C. The phylogenetic, phenotypic and physiological characteristics of strain HDvT indicate that is is a new species of the genus #Desulfovibrio, for which the name #Desulfovibrio burkinensis sp. nov. is proposed ; the type strain is HDvT (= DSM 6830T). Phylogenetic analysis confirmed that #Desulfovibrio alcoholivorans$ was a distinct species supporting the previously published phenotypic data. (Résumé d'auteur