Politikkohärenz in den Nord-Süd-Beziehungen

Dieses Jahrundertende wird von einer Reihe von Paradoxen begleitet, die zur Folge hatten, die zunehmende Relevanz der Kohärenz der Politiken der internationalen Entwicklungszusammenarbeit deutlich zu machen. In der Tat geht das Bewusstwerden der wachsenden Interdependenz zwischen dem Norden und dem Süden, das Auftreten globaler oder grenzüber-schreitender Probleme – wie Umwelt, Menschenrechte, globalisierte Finanzwirtschaft, usw. – mit einem allmählichen Rückgang der globalen und multilateral..

La cohérence des politiques dans les relations Nord-Sud

Cette fin de siècleest émaillée d’une série de paradoxes qui ont eu pour effet de mettre en lumière la pertinence croissante de la cohérence des politiques de coopération internationale au développement. En effet, la prise de conscience de l’interdépendance grandissante entre le Nord et le Sud, l’émergence de problèmes globaux ou transfrontaliers – tels que l’environnement, les droits de l’homme, la finance globalisée, etc. – coexistent avec un amoindrissement graduel des approches globales e..

La cohérence des politiques dans les relations Nord-Sud

Cette fin de siècleest émaillée d’une série de paradoxes qui ont eu pour effet de mettre en lumière la pertinence croissante de la cohérence des politiques de coopération internationale au développement. En effet, la prise de conscience de l’interdépendance grandissante entre le Nord et le Sud, l’émergence de problèmes globaux ou transfrontaliers – tels que l’environnement, les droits de l’homme, la finance globalisée, etc. – coexistent avec un amoindrissement graduel des approches globales e..

Les droits de l’homme, la citoyenneté et les contenus de l’enseignement

Les quatre interventions portaient sur : citoyenneté et droits de l’homme, éducation et société : le cas de l’Algérie, droits et responsabilités de l’homme : une nouvelle éducation de base pour une éducation tout au long de la vie en Thaïlande, bilinguisme ou plurilinguisme : les droits de l’homme et les langues étrangères. Le débat a tourné autour du sens du mot citoyenneté, selon les pays, les contextes, l’histoire, les traits constitutifs de sa formation et sa relation avec le local/commun..

Analyse comparative des puissances transmises par trois mécanismes alternatifs et mécaniques

Les ingénieurs sont souvent face à un dilemme quand il s’agit de choisir un actionneur ou un mécanisme. C’est dans le but de faciliter ce choix qu’intervient cet article. Il porte sur l’analyse comparative de la puissance de sortie de trois mécanismes simples à savoir : le système bielle-manivelle, le système maneton-coulisseau et le système rotation-translation. Ces mécanismes ont la même caractéristique de la transformation d’un mouvement de rotation continu en mouvement de translation alterné.La présente étude a pour objectif de mettre la lumière sur les caractéristiques des puissances transmises aux coulisseaux des mécanismes alternatifs et mécaniques, concernés par ce travail. Pour ce faire, les puissances transmises aux coulisseaux ont été singulièrement caractérisées, suite : à leurs définitions et à l’interprétation de leurs représentations graphiques

Optimal Maintenance Policy for Second-Hand Equipments under Uncertainty

This chapter addresses a maintenance optimization problem for re-manufactured equipments that will be reintroduced into the market as second-hand equipments. The main difference of this work and the previous literature on the maintenance optimization of second-hand equipments is the influence of the uncertainties due to the indirect obsolescence concept. The uncertainty is herein about the spare parts availability to perform some maintenance actions on equipment due to technology vanishing. The maintenance policy involves in fact a minimal repair at failure and a preventive repair after some operating period. To deal with this shortcoming, the life cycle of technology or spare parts availability is defined and modeled as a random variable whose lifetimes distribution is well known and Weibull distributed. Accordingly, an optimal maintenance policy is discussed and derived for such equipment in order to overcome the uncertainty on reparation action. Moreover, experiments are then conducted and different life cycle of technologies are evaluated according to their obsolescence processes (accidental or progressive vanishing) on the optimal operating condition

The high burden of hospitalizations for primary EBV infection: a 6-year prospective survey in a French hospital

AbstractPrimary Epstein-Barr virus infection (PEI) is acquired increasingly later in life in developed countries, involving a growing number of adults. No studies have examined the effect of age on PEI. We conducted a prospective, single-centre, noninterventional survey to assess the clinical and economic effects of PEI care according to age. We included all serology-confirmed cases observed in all departments of a large regional hospital. Clinical and biologic data, therapeutics and costs of care were examined. Over a 6-year period, we included 292 subjects (148 children and 144 adults) with a median age of 15.4 years (range 9 months to 79 years). Adults were hospitalized more often (83% vs. 60%) and for longer periods of time (median 4 days vs. 2 days) than children (p ≤ 0.0001 for both). Two adults required a secondary transfer into the intensive care unit, although no children did. Typically, adults showed higher levels of activated lymphocytes and liver abnormalities. They also required the use of systemic corticosteroids more often (45% vs. 23%, p < 0.0001) and for longer periods of time (median 7 days vs. 3 days, p 0.02) than children. Overall, the costs were significantly higher for adults than for children (median, €1940 vs. €1130, p < 0.0001), mainly because of the frequency and duration of hospitalizations. Age increases the immune response and clinical severity of PEI, resulting in substantial additional costs for the community. Better recognition of the disease in adults could shorten the average length of hospital stay

Open educational resources: Education for the world?

Education is widely seen as an important means of addressing both national and international problems, such as political or religious extremism, poverty, and hunger. However, if developing countries are to become societies that can compete properly with Western industrialized countries, not only is a fundamental shift in thinking with regard to the value of education and more/better provision of teaching required, but strong support from other countries is needed as well. This article explores questions such as whether Western policymakers can avoid a repetition of some of the failures of the past few decades in terms of providing foreign aid; how educators and providers of educational scenarios and learning contents can foster and manage the creation of a worldwide knowledge society; and in particular, if the provision of open educational resources (OER) can realistically overcome the educational gap and foster educational justice

Multilingual examinations: towards a schema of politicization of language in end of high school examinations in sub-Saharan Africa

In many countries of sub-Saharan Africa, the release of each year’s results for the end of high school examinations heralds an annual ritual of public commentary on the poor state of national education systems. However, the exoglossic/monolingual language regime for these examinations is infrequently acknowledged as contributing to the dismal performance of students. Even less attended to is the manner in which the language of examinations, through shaping students’ performances, may be exacerbating social inequalities. This article politicizes the language of examinations in the region in the hope of generating policy and research interest in what is arguably an insidious source of inequality. The article makes three arguments. Firstly, it is argued that current exoglossic/monolingual practices in these examinations constitute a set of sociolinguistic aberrations, with demonstrable negative effects on students’ performance. Secondly, it is argued that the gravity of these paradoxical sociolinguistic disarticulations is better appreciated when their social ramifications are viewed in terms of structural violence and social inequality. Thirdly, in considering how to evolve a more socially equitable examination language regime, it is argued that the notion of consequential validity in testing positions translanguaging as a more ecologically valid model of language use in examinations

Unlocking the grid: Language-in-education policy realisation in post-apartheid South Africa

This paper reflects on the state of educational language policy two decades into a postApartheid South Africa caught between official multilingualism and English. The focus is on the national language-in-education policy (LiEP) that advocates additive bi/multilingualism, and a provincial counterpart, the language transformation plan (LTP). Using Ricento and Hornberger’s onion metaphor, the paper seeks to uncover the meanings of policy realisation in education at legislative, institutional, and interpersonal levels. The LiEP’s non-realisation at institutional level is indexed by a ‘gridlock of collusion’ (Alexander, personal communication) between political elites and the majority of African-language speakers, who emulatively seek the goods that an English-medium education promises. To illustrate how teachers can become policy advocates, data are presented from a bilingual education in-service programme that supported the LTP. The paper argues that sociolinguistic insights into speakers’ heteroglossic practices should be used to counter prevailing monoglossic policy discourses and school language practices, and that all languages should be used as learning resources. Strategic essentialism would recognise the schooling system’s need to separately classify language subjects and to identify the languages most productively used for teaching across the curriculum. The paper concludes with a call for the revision of the LiEP