2 research outputs found

    The response of tropical rainforests to drought : lessons from recent research and future prospects

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    Key message: we review the recent findings on the influence of drought on tree mortality, growth or ecosystem functioning in tropical rainforests. Drought plays a major role in shaping tropical rainforests and the response mechanisms are highly diverse and complex. The numerous gaps identified here require the international scientific community to combine efforts in order to conduct comprehensive studies in tropical rainforests on the three continents. These results are essential to simulate the future of these ecosystems under diverse climate scenarios and to predict the future of the global earth carbon balance. - Context: tropical rainforest ecosystems are characterized by high annual rainfall. Nevertheless, rainfall regularly fluctuates during the year and seasonal soil droughts do occur. Over the past decades, a number of extreme droughts have hit tropical rainforests, not only in Amazonia but also in Asia and Africa. The influence of drought events on tree mortality and growth or on ecosystem functioning (carbon and water fluxes) in tropical rainforest ecosystems has been studied intensively, but the response mechanisms are complex.- Aims: herein, we review the recent findings related to the response of tropical forest ecosystems to seasonal and extreme droughts and the current knowledge about the future of these ecosystems. - Results: this review emphasizes the progress made over recent years and the importance of the studies conducted under extreme drought conditions or in through-fall exclusion experiments in understanding the response of these ecosystems. It also points to the great diversity and complexity of the response of tropical rainforest ecosystems to drought. - Conclusion: the numerous gaps identified here require the international scientific community to combine efforts in order to conduct comprehensive studies in tropical forest regions. These results are essential to simulate the future of these ecosystems under diverse climate scenarios and to predict the future of the global earth carbon balance

    Nutritional value of the proteins of soybeans roasted at a small-scale unit level in Africa as assessed using growing rats

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    La prolongation de 15 min (RSF15) à 25 min (RSF25) du temps de torréfaction à 100°C des graines de soja entraîne une diminution importante de l'activité antitrypsique et de l'immunoréactivité des globulines de réserve, mais ne semble pas modifier notablement les teneurs en acides aminés indispensables des protéines. Utilisées comme seules sources de protéines dans la ration équilibrée du rat en croissance, ces farines ont été comparées à la caséine dans un essai in vivo où l'ingéré du groupe témoin caséine avait été ajusté à celui des groupes RSF. Traitée selon la procédure en vigueur dans les ateliers (RSF15), la farine de soja a induit une hypertrophie significative du pancréas. La prolongation du temps de torréfaction des graines de soja jusqu'à 25 min a permis d'améliorer considérablement la valeur nutritionnelle des protéines de soja, sans dommage apparent pour les niveaux des pools d'acides aminés libres circulants et tissulaires. Les résultats ont aussi montré que les tissus de l'intestin grêle et du gros intestin du jeune rat sont sensibles à l'hyperactivité de la microflore intestinale ainsi que, peut-être, à l'activité résiduelle de certains facteurs anti-nutritionnels. (Résumé d'auteur
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