Pressure drop and holdup predictions in horizontal oil-water flows for curved and wavy interfaces

In this work a modified two-fluid model was developed based on experimental observations of the interface configuration in stratified liquid-liquid flows. The experimental data were obtained in a horizontal 14. mmID acrylic pipe, for test oil and water superficial velocities ranging from 0.02. m/s to 0.51. m/s and from 0.05. m/s to 0.62. m/s, respectively. Using conductance probes, average interface heights were obtained at the pipe centre and close to the pipe wall, which revealed a concave interface shape in all cases studied. A correlation between the two heights was developed that was used in the two-fluid model. In addition, from the time series of the probe signal at the pipe centre, the average wave amplitude was calculated to be 0.0005. m and was used as an equivalent roughness in the interfacial shear stress model. Both the interface shape and roughness were considered in the two-fluid model together with literature interfacial shear stress correlations. Results showed that the inclusion of both the interface curvature and the equivalent roughness in the two-fluid model improved its predictions of pressure drop and interface height over the range of studied superficial oil and water velocities. Compared to the two-fluid model with other interfacial shear stress correlations, the modified model performed better particularly for predicting pressure drop

Why Do the Police Reject Counseling? An Examination of Necessary Changes to Police Subculture.

Abstract This paper reviews the concept of police subculture and examines its role in the management and acceptance of treatment for stress-related injury. In particular, we examine the impact of stigma that attaches to treatment within this subculture. The persistence of the dominant police subculture remains a significant obstacle to officers seeking treatment for stress-related illnesses. The subculture has historically resisted acknowledging the need for treatment in response to the occupational and/or organizational stress-related injury that results from frequent exposure to work-related trauma. Many police administrators are still embedded within and resist changes to the subculture, which results in an atmosphere that is unwelcoming to officers seeking or accepting treatment. This study draws on both qualitative and quantitative studies and modifies labeling theory to determine the sources of stigma involved in the police subculture. The paper reviews the reasons why officers refuse treatment, discusses the issue of stigmatization and labeling, and argues for the need to change police subculture, at least in part by ensuring that administrators support treatment and good health for officers. It is revealed that the stigmatization of officers who seek and receive treatment directly results in others’ refusal/rejection of it. The study recommends that departments address the subcultural processes of labeling and stigmatization associated with stress counseling at the individual, management, and organizational levels to bring about a shift in police subculture and improve the level of occupational health and safety for officers on the force

Student Evaluations of Teaching Are Mostly Awfully Wrong

Student evaluations of teaching (SETs) have been used, researched, and debated for many decades. It is a common practice in higher education institutions, with the supposed purpose of improving course quality and effectiveness, but with unintended consequences of encouraging and motivating poor teaching and causing grade inflation. There is strong evidence that SET “effectiveness” does not measure teaching effectiveness. This paper reviews empirical research examining common concerns about the usefulness (positive and negative) and accuracy of SETs. The findings reveal that student satisfaction relates to their anticipated/expected grades in their courses; hence, they want to get good grades and their instructors want to get a good rating of SET, and this results in grade inflation. The key points are that SETs (1) allow students to speak their “mind”, (2) have no compelling correlation between quality of teaching and learning effectiveness, (3) reward easy, less demanding, and lazy teachers with a positive rating, (4) are biased against gender, attractiveness, ethnicity, race, etc., (5) are weaponized against “some” faculty members, and (6) are like asking convicts awaiting sentencing to evaluate the judge or jurors who convicted them

Why Do the Police Reject Counseling? An Examination of Necessary Changes to Police Subculture. Necessary Changes to Police Subculture.

This paper reviews the concept of police subculture and examines its role in the management and acceptance of treatment for stress-related injury. In particular, we examine the impact of stigma that attaches to treatment within this subculture. The persistence of the dominant police subculture remains a significant obstacle to officers seeking treatment for stress-related illnesses. The subculture has historically resisted acknowledging the need for treatment in response to the occupational and/or organizational stress-related injury that results from frequent exposure to work-related trauma. Many police administrators are still embedded within and resist changes to the subculture, which results in an atmosphere that is unwelcoming to officers seeking or accepting treatment. This study draws on both qualitative and quantitative studies and modifies labeling theory to determine the sources of stigma involved in the police subculture. The paper reviews the reasons why officers refuse treatment, discusses the issue of stigmatization and labeling, and argues for the need to change police subculture, at least in part by ensuring that administrators support treatment and good health for officers. It is revealed that the stigmatization of officers who seek and receive treatment directly results in others’ refusal/rejection of it. The study recommends that departments address the subcultural processes of labeling and stigmatization associated with stress counseling at the individual, management, and organizational levels to bring about a shift in police subculture and improve the level of occupational health and safety for officers on the force

Prediction of peptides binding to MHC class I alleles by partial periodic pattern mining

MHC (Major Histocompatibility Complex) is a key player in the immune response of an organism. It is important to be able to predict which antigenic peptides will bind to a specific MHC allele and which will not, creating possibilities for controlling immune response and for the applications of immunotherapy. However, a problem for MHC class I is the presence of bulges and loops in the peptides, changing the total length. Most machine learning methods in use today require the sequences to be of same length to successfully mine the binding motifs. We propose the use of time-based data mining methods in motif mining to be able to mine motifs position-independently. Also, the information for both binding and non-binding peptides is used on the contrary to the other methods which only rely on binding peptides. The prediction results are between 60-95% for the tested alleles

Prediction of peptides binding to MHC class I alleles by partial periodic pattern mining

MHC (Major Histocompatibility Complex) is a key player in the immune response of an organism. It is important to be able to predict which antigenic peptides will bind to a spe-cific MHC allele and which will not, creating possibilities for controlling immune response and for the applications of immunotherapy. However a problem encountered in the computational binding prediction methods for MHC class I is the presence of bulges and loops in the peptides, changing the total length. Most machine learning methods in use to-day require the sequences to be of same length to success-fully mine the binding motifs. We propose the use of time-based data mining methods in motif mining to be able to mine motifs position-independently. Also, the information for both binding and non-binding peptides are used on the contrary to the other methods which only rely on binding peptides. The prediction results are between 70-80% for the tested alleles

Introduction of Core Based Subjects in the Curriculum of Technical and Vocational Institutions in Ghana: Assessment of It Effect on Practical Training Sessions

Technical education among other things focuses on training the skill manpower needs of the youth in most countries of which Ghana is no exception. This study looks at Ghana Education Service technical and vocational sector reform programme introduced in 2010 with emphasis on the introduction of compulsory core based subjects and its effect on practical training in the institutions’. The study used a random sampling methodology to assess 160 students, 40 teachers and 8 workshop supervisors on the effect of the introduction of the core based subject on time for their practical training in their various fields of study. Keywords: Core based subjects, practical training, skills, studies, reforms, workshop, and task

Analysis of the causes and effects of recidivism in the Nigerian prison system

The Nigerian prison system is witnessing an enormous increase in people relapsing into crime and criminality, recidivists. This development has challenged the practicality and feasibility of rehabilitation programmes in Nigerian prisons. Thus, the paper sets out to achieve the following three (3) objectives: causes, consequences, and prevention and control of recidivism in the Nigerian prison system. Although the paper is basically a literature review, it supported and contributed to the body of existing knowledge on recidivism in Nigeria. From the review, it is established that criminal recidivism is caused by many factors: discrimination and stigmatization, lack of aftercare services or reintegration support programmes, familial, structural, substance abuse, peer influence, etc. Also, recidivism has negative effects on inmates, prison institution and the general public, especially the taxpayers, whose tax is used to run the Nigerian criminal justice system. The paper revealed that qualitative treatment of prisoners and provision of educational and vocational programmes are leading recidivism-control strategies. The paper made the following recommendations: establishment of the state-of-the-art correctional facilities (vocational, educational and religious programmes) for inmates to access; the Federal Government of Nigeria should extend the National Open University of Nigeria (NOUN) programme which is established in the Kirikiri, Port Harcourt and Enugu prisons to at least, one prison in each State in the Federation; and a responsive aftercare, rehabilitation and follow-up of inmates by either prison authorities or any other agencies that may be appointed by the government in this regard.Keywords: Analysis, Nigeria, Prison, Recidivism, System

The Concept of Wealth on Career Choice: A Case Study of Senior High School Students in the Akuapem North District of Ghana

Career decision is very vital in one’s life. This study assesses the perception of wealth and its impact on career choice of Senior High School students. The study is descriptive in nature, with a survey conducted at the Akuapem North District of Ghana. A total sample size of 250 (50 per school) was drawn for the study. Stratified and simple random techniques were employed to get the needed sample. A set of questionnaires was developed to capture the required information on the subject under consideration. The responses of the survey were analysed using frequencies, to obtain the percentage values of the responses from the respondents to draw conclusions. This study reveals that most of the career decisions of the youth are based on limited factors like wealth, specifically money, housing, and other fringe benefits that they presume they might get. It is revealed that the youth are also substantially influenced by their family and religious beliefs in their career choice. They are, however, disappointed sometimes because their expectations are not met, which sometimes results in unemployment. It is also revealed that the youth to some extent make their decisions based on limited factors such as what they wish to get from their preferred career. Recommendations include encouraging the youth to pay more attention to guidance and career programmes that are organised for them and also, career and guidance service providers should intensify their effort in educating the youth about the varied factors one needs to consider before career decisions and job preferences are made. Keywords: Career, Wealth, Guidance, Counselling, Influence, Senior high school, Youth