SUEZ-KRISEN OG GENOPRETTELSEN AF DEN VESTEUROPÆISKE OLIEINFRASTRUKTUR, 1956-57

Martin Ottovay Jørgensen: Suez-krisen og genoprettelsen af den vesteuropæiske olieinfrastruktur, 1956-57 Historikere har i mere end 30 år analyseret Suez-krisen. Alligevel er det muligt at finde nye vinkler og tilgange. I tråd med temanummerets fokus på infrastruktur anlægges i artiklen et multilateralt og olieinfrastrukturelt perspektiv på krisens udvikling, forløb og afvikling på grundlag af kildemateriale fra blandt andet fra FN og andre centrale aktører, der hidtil ikke har været inddraget. På denne baggrund bryder artiklen med det typiske udenrigspolitiske og nationale perspektiv til fordel for en multilateral, mere systemisk og geografisk-orienteret infrastrukturoptik. Ligeledes udvides antallet af aktører fra det typiske fokus på USA, Storbritannien, Egypten, Sovjetunionen og somme tider Frankrig til at inkludere og centrere flere NATO- og Commonwealth-medlemsstater, FN-organisationer og private virksomheder. Artiklen konkluderer, at oliemanglen, der fulgte Suez-krisen, var et væsentlig mere alvorligt infrastrukturelt problem for Vesten end antaget i størstedelen af den eksisterende forskning og at ’alle vestlige sejl blev sat’ for både at samle Vesten igen og forhindre en værre udvikling. &nbsp

Svitzer og Suez-krisen, 1956-1957. Et dansk bjærgningsselskabs rolle i reetableringen af Vesteuropas olieforsyning og Commonwealth-handlen

Denne artikel undersøger det danske bjærgningsselskab Svitzers rolle i genåbningen af Suezkanalen mellem oktober 1956 og april 1957. Forløbet, der endnu ikke har været undersøgt i hverken dansk eller international forskning, rækker med dets imperiale og globale dimensioner langt udover Svitzers egen historie og både dansk og international erhvervshistorie. Både lukningen og genåbningen af kanalen afspejlede ikke blot en britisk-franks-(israelsk) fejlkalkule og manglende militær evne til at forme udviklingen i Middelhavet, men også overgangen til et nyt imperialt paradigme på globalt plan, hvori de gamle kolonimagter måtte vigen pladsen. I dette skifte kom de nye atommagter, de nye selvstændige stater samt vestlige private virksomhedsnetværk til at spille markant større roller. Svitzers interessentskab med det hollandske L. Smit en Co’s Internationale sleepdienst og rollen som hovedentreprenør i FN’s kanaloprydningsindsats, der gik under navnet United Nations Suez Clearance Organisation, skal ses som led heri. På baggrund af analysen opfordres i forlængelse deraf i yderligere forskning i private virksomheders rolle som serviceydere for internationale organisationer. --- Svitzer and the Suez Crisis, 1956-1957: The Role of a Danish Salvage Company in the Reestablishment of the oil Supply of Western Europe and Commonwealth Trade.  This article explores the role of Svitzer, a Danish Salvage Company, in the reopening of the Suez Canal between October 1956 and April 1957. The imperial and global dimensions of this process, which has not yet seen scholarly interest in neither Danish nor international research, thus go beyond that of Svitzer’s own history and both Danish and international business history. Both the closure and the reopening of the Suez Canal reflected not only a British-French(-Israeli) miscalculation and lack of military capability in shaping events in the Mediterranean, but also the shift to a new imperial paradigm globally in which the old colonial powers had to make space. As part of this shift, the new nuclear powers, the new independent states and Western business networks became more important than hitherto the case. The partnership with the Dutch salvage company and the joint role as the main entrepreneur in the UN undertaking to clear the Suez Canal, which went by the name of United Nations Suez Clearance Organisation, needs to be seen in this light. Against that backdrop, the article calls for more research into the roles of private businesses as service providers for international organisations

Academic History and the Future of the Past: Contesting the Current Paradigm of Global Governance and Western Temporal and Spatial Epistemologies through Memories and International History From Below by Example of the UN Peacekeeping Operation in the Gaza Strip, 1956-1967

Marianne Rostgaard and Martin Ottovay Jørgensen Academic History and the Future of the Past Contesting the Current Paradigm of Global Governance and Western Temporal and Spatial Epistemologies through Memories and International History From Below by Example of the UN Peacekeeping Operation in the Gaza Strip, 1956-1967. An outline of a new way of writing International History is presented in the article in form of a post-colonial reading of the Cold War United Nations peacekeeping operation in the Gaza Strip from 1956 to 1967. Asking questions that challenge the established narrative, of who has the right to speak and with what authority, the primary aim of this article is to move towards an alternative understanding of the peacekeeping paradigm of the United Nations as a performative dimension of the current paradigm of global governance from the ground up. It will be done, as suggested by the two global historians Michael Geyer and Charles Bright, in a way intended to “shatter the silences surrounding global practices, by tracking them, describing them, and presenting them historically and (…) to facilitate public cultures as free and equal marketplace of communication among the many voices of different histories and memories” (Geyer and Bright, 1995, pp. 1058-1059). This will allow us to begin not only to privilege other ways of relating to time, space and history, but also as called for by the literary postcolonial Madina Tlostanova and the semiotician Walter Mignolo in “Global coloniality and the decolonial option” allow us to shift from postcolonial to decolonial

Academic History and the Future of the Past: Contesting the Current Paradigm of Global Governance and Western Temporal and Spatial Epistemologies through Memories and International History From Below by Example of the UN Peacekeeping Operation in the Gaza Strip, 1956-1967

Marianne Rostgaard and Martin Ottovay Jørgensen Academic History and the Future of the Past Contesting the Current Paradigm of Global Governance and Western Temporal and Spatial Epistemologies through Memories and International History From Below by Example of the UN Peacekeeping Operation in the Gaza Strip, 1956-1967. An outline of a new way of writing International History is presented in the article in form of a post-colonial reading of the Cold War United Nations peacekeeping operation in the Gaza Strip from 1956 to 1967. Asking questions that challenge the established narrative, of who has the right to speak and with what authority, the primary aim of this article is to move towards an alternative understanding of the peacekeeping paradigm of the United Nations as a performative dimension of the current paradigm of global governance from the ground up. It will be done, as suggested by the two global historians Michael Geyer and Charles Bright, in a way intended to “shatter the silences surrounding global practices, by tracking them, describing them, and presenting them historically and (…) to facilitate public cultures as free and equal marketplace of communication among the many voices of different histories and memories” (Geyer and Bright, 1995, pp. 1058-1059). This will allow us to begin not only to privilege other ways of relating to time, space and history, but also as called for by the literary postcolonial Madina Tlostanova and the semiotician Walter Mignolo in “Global coloniality and the decolonial option” allow us to shift from postcolonial to decolonial