299 research outputs found
A Systematic Review: Light Therapy for Individuals with Dementia and Implications for Practice
This systematic review seeks to answer the question: is light therapy an effective intervention for sundowning symptoms experienced by individuals who have dementia
A Systematic Review of the Efficacy of Motivational Interviewing on Occupational Performance
This systematic review aims to review the efficacy of MI to address such performance goals falling within the occupational therapy scope of practice
Parents\u27 Goals: An Analysis of Therapist Reasoning
Purpose:
Illustrate the use of DDDM to develop parent-identified goals for occupational therapy and to identify underlying sensory integration factors hypothesized to be impacting participation
An Interprofessional, Tailored Behavioral Intervention for Sleep Problems in Autism: Use of Sensory Data to Inform Intervention
Purpose:
The purpose of this poster is to demonstrate how Sensory Profile data informed occupational therapy sleep interventions for two participants as part of an Interprofessional Tailored Behavioral Intervention study
Developing and Evaluating Teamwork Skills using an Interprofessional Simulated Discharge Planning Meeting
Purpose: The Clinical Discharge Scenario (CDS) provides students the opportunity to work as an interprofessional team in a simulated scenario. Evaluating student competence in teamwork skills provides insight into their ability to work as effective team members.
Background: A literature review reveals the majority of tools assessing student learning in interprofessional education (IPE) measure satisfaction, attitudes and knowledge (Abu-Rish et al., 2012). Kirkpatrick’s evaluation model proposes a hierarchy of changes as a result of training (Kirkpatrick, 1979). At the highest level is transfer of learning to change behavior. Assessment of IPE influenced behavior change is limited (Abu-Rish et al., 2012).
Description of Intervention: Interprofessional student teams participate in a simulated discharge planning meeting with an elder female patient and her adult daughter (standardized patients). Student teams develop a discharge plan for the patient. Teamwork is assessed via Team Observation checklists (Herge, et al, 2015) completed by faculty observers and standardized patients. Students debrief with faculty and standardized patients and complete a posttest identifying one thing they learned from the experience.
Results: Three years of data spring 2014-2016 was analyzed. Preliminary results indicate students were rated as above average on team skills. Thematic analysis of the posttest revealed 7 themes: communication, client centered care, meeting structure, IPE teams, family/caregiver, student experience and difficult patient.
Conclusion: The CDS is an effective way for students to practice teamwork skills in a simulated environment. Evaluating student behavior in this setting provides data regarding student ability to apply learning and demonstrate teamwork skills.
Relevance to Interprofessional Education: The Institute of Medicine report (IOM, 2015) calls for greater measurement of IPE impact on practice and behavior change. Simulated patient encounters provide students the opportunity to practice teamwork skills and faculty to measure student teamwork skills as related to IPE.
Learning Objectives: At the conclusion of this session participants will: Recognize the value of simulated learning activities in interprofessional education. Describe the learning outcomes of an interprofessional simulated team activity. Identify ways to evaluate performance as an outcome of interprofessional education in their own educational/clinical setting.
References:
1. Abu-Rish, E., Kim, S., Choe, L., Varpio, L., Malik, E., White, A. A. & Thigpen, A. (2012). Current trends in interprofessional education of health sciences students: A literature review. Journal of Interprofessional Care, 26(6):444-451.
2. Kirkpatrick, D. L., (1979). Techniques for evaluating training programs. Training and Development Journal. 33(6):178-192.
3. Herge, E. A., Hsieh, C., Waddell-Terry, T. & Keats, P. (2015). A simulated clinical skills scenario to teach interprofessional teamwork to health profession students. Journal of Medical Education and Curricular Development. 2:27-34. doi:10.4137/JMECD.S18928
4. Institute of Medicine (2015). Measuring the impact of interprofessional education on collaboration and patient outcomes. Washington, D.C.: The National Academies Press
The Role of Critical Case Analysis in Interprofessional Education
Goals for interprofessional education include preparing students to work in collaborative practice, teaching them how to work in teams and to asses and improve the quality of patient care. (Barr, 2007, Thibault, 2013). Four core competency domains have been established to inform interprofessional education (Interprofessional Education Collaborative Expert Panel, 2011). These are ethics/values, roles/responsibilities, interprofessional communication and teams/teamwork. Various pedagogical approaches have been used to help students meet these competencies. The Josiah Macy, Jr. Foundation (2013) recommends development and implementation of innovative models to link interprofessional education and practice. Thibault (2013) recommends students engage in “real work” as part of their interprofessional education experience
Enhancing Occupational Therapy Student Systematic Reviews: An Occupational Therapy Faculty and Librarian Collaboration
Objective: To describe the outcomes of a curriculum-based collaboration between Occupational Therapy faculty and librarians (‘collaboration’) to enhance graduate student skills for conducting and disseminating a systematic review (SR
Simulating secondary organic aerosol from missing diesel-related intermediate-volatility organic compound emissions during the Clean Air for London (ClearfLo) campaign
We present high-resolution (5g kmg × g 5g km) atmospheric chemical transport model (ACTM) simulations of the impact of newly estimated traffic-related emissions on secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation over the UK for 2012. Our simulations include additional diesel-related intermediate-volatility organic compound (IVOC) emissions derived directly from comprehensive field measurements at an urban background site in London during the 2012 Clean Air for London (ClearfLo) campaign. Our IVOC emissions are added proportionally to VOC emissions, as opposed to proportionally to primary organic aerosol (POA) as has been done by previous ACTM studies seeking to simulate the effects of these missing emissions. Modelled concentrations are evaluated against hourly and daily measurements of organic aerosol (OA) components derived from aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS) measurements also made during the ClearfLo campaign at three sites in the London area. According to the model simulations, diesel-related IVOCs can explain on average ∼30g % of the annual SOA in and around London. Furthermore, the 90th percentile of modelled daily SOA concentrations for the whole year is 3.8g μg-3, constituting a notable addition to total particulate matter. More measurements of these precursors (currently not included in official emissions inventories) is recommended. During the period of concurrent measurements, SOA concentrations at the Detling rural background location east of London were greater than at the central London location. The model shows that this was caused by an intense pollution plume with a strong gradient of imported SOA passing over the rural location. This demonstrates the value of modelling for supporting the interpretation of measurements taken at different sites or for short durations
Model simulations of cooking organic aerosol (COA) over the UK using estimates of emissions based on measurements at two sites in London
Cooking organic aerosol (COA) is currently not included in European emission inventories. However, recent positive matrix factorization (PMF) analyses of aerosol mass
spectrometer (AMS) measurements have suggested important
contributions of COA in several European cities. In this
study, emissions of COA were estimated for the UK, based
on hourly AMS measurements of COA made at two sites in
London (a kerbside site in central London and an urban background site in a residential area close to central London) for the full calendar year of 2012 during the Clean Air for London (ClearfLo) campaign. Iteration of COA emissions estimates and subsequent evaluation and sensitivity experiments were conducted with the EMEP4UK atmospheric chemistry transport modelling system with a horizontal resolution of 5 km x 5 km.
The spatial distribution of these emissions was based on
workday population density derived from the 2011 census
data. The estimated UK annual COA emission was 7.4 Gg
per year, which is an almost 10% addition to the officially
reported UK national total anthropogenic emissions of PM2:5
(82 Gg in 2012), corresponding to 320 mgperson-1 day-1 on
average. Weekday and weekend diurnal variation in COA
emissions were also based on the AMS measurements. Modelled
concentrations of COA were then independently evaluated
against AMS-derived COA measurements from another
city and time period (Manchester, January–February 2007),
as well as with COA estimated by a chemical mass balance
model of measurements for a 2-week period at the Harwell
rural site (~80 km west of central London).
The modelled annual average contribution of COA to ambient
particulate matter (PM) in central London was between
1 and 2 μgm-3 (~20% of total measured OA1) and between
0.5 and 0.7 μgm-3 in other major cities in England
(Manchester, Birmingham, Leeds). It was also shown that
cities smaller than London can have a central hotspot of population density of smaller area than the computational grid cell, in which case higher localized COA concentrations than modelled here may be expected.
Modelled COA concentrations dropped rapidly outside of
major urban areas (annual average of 0.12 μgm-3 for the
Harwell location), indicating that although COA can be a notable component in urban air, it does not have a significant effect on PM concentrations on rural areas.
The possibility that the AMS-PMF apportionment measurements
overestimate COA concentrations by up to a factor
of 2 is discussed. Since COA is a primary emission, any
downward adjustments in COA emissions would lead to a proportional linear downward scaling in the absolute magnitudes of COA concentrations simulated in the model
Effects of Experimental Brood Size Manipulation and Gender on Carotenoid Levels of Eurasian Kestrels Falco tinnunculus
Animals use carotenoid-pigments for coloration, as antioxidants and as enhancers of the immune system. Carotenoid-dependent colours can thus signal individual quality and carotenoids have also been suggested to mediate life-history trade-offs.
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