Influence of antiobiotics on NAA- induced somatic embryogenesis in eggplant (Solanum melongena L. cv. Embu).

The influence of increasing concentrations of naphthaleneacetic acid and the antibiotics cefotaxim?, timentin, kanamycin, and hygromycin on eggplant (Solanum melongena L. cv. Emb£) somatic embryogenesis was investigated. Cotyledon explants were excised from 16 to 20 days old in vitro grown seedlings. NAA promoted somatic embryogenesis, although its concentrations had no influence on the mean number of embryos. Callusing decreased significantly with increasing NAA concenti-ations. Morphogenesis was stopped with 50 to 100 mg L-I kanamycin and 7.5 to 15 mg L-I hygromycin. Although early globular embryos were observed up to 15 mg L-I, further embryo development was inhibited at 10 mg L .1. Interestingly, cefotaxime (250 and 500 mg L -1) promoted a marked effect on enhancing fresh weight of calli, accompanied by decrease in embryo regeneration, whereas timentin concentrations (150 and 300 mg L-I) did not affect embryo differentiation as compared to the control treatment

Probiotics and their potential applications in active edible films and coatings.

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Biomassa carbonizada como condicionante de solo para a cultura do arroz de terras altas, em solo arenoso, no Cerrado: efeito imediato para a fertilidade do solo e produtividade das plantas.

O objetivo deste trabalho é demonstrar o efeito da biomassa carbonizada (carvão vegetal de eucalipto) na fertilidade do solo e no desenvolvimento e produtividade de arroz de terras altas, cv. BRS Sertaneja.bitstream/item/35833/1/comt-197.pd

Endoscopic Assessment of the Duodenum in Dogs with Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Background: Endoscopy is performed for direct inspection of the mucosa and acquisition of biopsies in dogs with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Aim: To evaluate the interobserver agreement in the endoscopic assessment of duodenal mucosa in dogs with IBD. Methods: Thirty-five archived endoscopic images of grossly normal (n = 6) and inflamed (n = 29) duodenal mucosa were displayed to 3 expert and 5 trainee endoscopists. Each image was assessed independently by endoscopists for mucosal abnormalities using established indices (of hyperemia, granularity, friability, lymphatic dilatation, and erosions) or interpreted as normal mucosa (trial 1). A repeated trial (trial 2) was performed with the same images presented in random order 1 month later, and accompanied by a visual template. Results: There was slight interobserver agreement in initial mucosal assessment for expert and trainee endoscopists in trial 1 (kappa ≤ 0.02, P \u3e .05). Interobserver agreement improved in trial 2 for both expert and trainee endoscopists (kappa = 0.2, P \u3e .05) for experts and (P \u3c .05) for trainees. There was a significant (P \u3c .01) improvement in trainee endoscopy scores of lesions from trial 1 to trial 2. Regression analysis showed a significant (P \u3c .01) difference between expert versus trainee endoscopy scores in trial 1. Repeat lesion assessment aided by use of a visual template (trial 2) improved the overall scores of trainee endoscopists to near that of expert endoscopists (P = .06). Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Interobserver agreement of IBD mucosal appearance from endoscopic findings benefitted from operator experience

Synergism and negative interference during co-infection of tomato and Nicotiana benthamiana with two bipartite begomoviruses

In Brazil, at least eight begomoviruses including Tomato rugose mosaic virus (ToRMV) and Tomato yellow spot virus (ToYSV) infect tomatoes. ToYSV symptoms in tomato and Nicotiana benthamiana appear earlier and are more severe compared to those of ToRMV. We investigated the role of several factors in this differential adaptation. To analyze infection kinetics, a single leaf was inoculated and subsequently detached after different periods of time. Viral DNA accumulation was quantified in plants, viral replication was analyzed in protoplasts, and tissue tropism was determined by in situ hybridization. Results indicate that ToYSV establishes a systemic infection and reaches a higher concentration earlier than ToRMV in both hosts. ToRMV negatively interferes with ToYSV during the initial stages of infection, but once systemic infection is established this interference ceases. In N. benthamiana, ToYSV invades the mesophyll, while ToRMV is phloem-restricted. During dual infection in this host, ToYSV releases ToRMV from the phloem

Produção de mudas micropropagadas de antúrio (Anthurium andraeanum) cv. Eidibel por embriogênese somática.

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