L'ordre public dans les relations de travail

Progressivement, le droit du travail a émergé au Québec et au Canada comme entité sociojuridique indépendante, avec des particularités qui le distinguent des autres régimes de droit. Il assure un rapport complet, dynamique et instantané entre tous les mouvements de société auxquels le monde du travail doit faire face. Dans un premier temps, le présent texte comprend une revue des normes contemporaines d'ordre public encadrant les relations de travail qui met en évidence les sources ainsi que les domaines de l'activité humaine visés par l'établissement de ces normes. Dans un second temps, l'auteure analyse l'application évolutive de ces normes dans la société nord-américaine et le rôle de l'État dans un contexte de mondialisation et de libre-échange.Little by little. Labour Law has emerged in Québec and Canada as a separate socio-legal entity with its own specifics that set it apart from other areas of the law. It provides comprehensive, dynamic and instantaneous feedback on the forces with which workers must cope in their community. Initially, this paper presents a review of contemporary standards of public order governing labour relations by highlighting the sources as well as the sectors of human activity referred to by the setting of such standards. The author then dwells on an analysis of changes over time in the application of these standards in North American society and the role played by government within the framework of global marketplaces and free-trade agreements

Mediation by Judges: A New Phenomenon in the Transformation of Justice

This article has three principal parts. In the first, we present an overview of judicial mediation and how it responds to some of the perceived problems with the classical model of adjudication. In this analysis, we draw especially on the experience with judicial mediation at the appellate level at the Quebec Court of Appeal. In the second part, we examine the unfolding of the mediation process itself, using an annotated guide to judicial mediation to address broader issues of both practical and theoretical concern. In the third part, we consider the crucial question of ethics in mediation, signaling some of the problems in applying ethical models developed in the context of classical adversarial litigation and advocacy to mediation. Finally, we conclude by suggesting some continuing challenges and subjects for further study

Front-Line Justice

The article proposes a model for rapidly re-establishing a functioning justice system in societies shattered by crisis. The front-line justice system is based on the quick deployment of "justice shelters" in communities, in which trained local jurists give legal information and advice, and local judges issue emergency safeguard orders and mediate disputes between parties. The mandate of the justice shelters is broad, and comprises civil, family, and administrative as well as criminal matters. The shelters are designed to rebuild confidence in the administration of justice by addressing all the justice needs of the local population, rather than limiting themselves to criminal matters or transitional justice issues. As such, the front-line justice system builds on other initiatives, particularly those growing out of the United Nations Brahimi Report, and offers a way to address emergency justice issues, but also to move forward towards the re-establishment of working and accepted permanent institutions of justice

Effects of Anacetrapib in Patients with Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease

BACKGROUND: Patients with atherosclerotic vascular disease remain at high risk for cardiovascular events despite effective statin-based treatment of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels. The inhibition of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) by anacetrapib reduces LDL cholesterol levels and increases high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels. However, trials of other CETP inhibitors have shown neutral or adverse effects on cardiovascular outcomes. METHODS: We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial involving 30,449 adults with atherosclerotic vascular disease who were receiving intensive atorvastatin therapy and who had a mean LDL cholesterol level of 61 mg per deciliter (1.58 mmol per liter), a mean non-HDL cholesterol level of 92 mg per deciliter (2.38 mmol per liter), and a mean HDL cholesterol level of 40 mg per deciliter (1.03 mmol per liter). The patients were assigned to receive either 100 mg of anacetrapib once daily (15,225 patients) or matching placebo (15,224 patients). The primary outcome was the first major coronary event, a composite of coronary death, myocardial infarction, or coronary revascularization. RESULTS: During the median follow-up period of 4.1 years, the primary outcome occurred in significantly fewer patients in the anacetrapib group than in the placebo group (1640 of 15,225 patients [10.8%] vs. 1803 of 15,224 patients [11.8%]; rate ratio, 0.91; 95% confidence interval, 0.85 to 0.97; P=0.004). The relative difference in risk was similar across multiple prespecified subgroups. At the trial midpoint, the mean level of HDL cholesterol was higher by 43 mg per deciliter (1.12 mmol per liter) in the anacetrapib group than in the placebo group (a relative difference of 104%), and the mean level of non-HDL cholesterol was lower by 17 mg per deciliter (0.44 mmol per liter), a relative difference of -18%. There were no significant between-group differences in the risk of death, cancer, or other serious adverse events. CONCLUSIONS: Among patients with atherosclerotic vascular disease who were receiving intensive statin therapy, the use of anacetrapib resulted in a lower incidence of major coronary events than the use of placebo. (Funded by Merck and others; Current Controlled Trials number, ISRCTN48678192 ; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01252953 ; and EudraCT number, 2010-023467-18 .)

La justice conciliationnelle : l’envers du lent droit

La crise que traverse le système classique de justice civile trouve son origine dans de multiples facteurs qui tiennent tantôt à la lourdeur du débat contradictoire devenu, à certains égards, dépassé tantôt aux défaillances institutionnelles du système lui-même. Une autre voie de résolution des litiges, plus simple, moins coûteuse et souhaitée par les justiciables se dessine, lentement, dans l’enceinte judiciaire. Pour rendre compte du mouvement des sociétés occidentales qui désirent participer à leur destinée judiciaire, des tribunaux, dont la Cour d’appel du Québec, ont accepté d’introduire, au sein du système traditionnel, un mode de justice conciliationnel qui réinvestit les parties de leur pouvoir décisionnel. Que les juges, gardiens de l’ordre sociétal et des valeurs démocratiques, participent avec la communauté des justiciables à cette transformation du système classique de justice civile témoigne que la distance entre le judiciaire et le social s’amenuise et que la société, en étant mieux comprise, sera mieux servie.The crisis affecting the administration of civil justice, in its classic form, traces its origin to many factors related as much to the heaviness of the adversary system, in some respects outmoded, as well as to the institutional deficiencies in the civil justice system itself. Another way of resolving disputes, simpler and less costly, is desired by litigants and is slowly evolving within the judiciary. Taking into account the judicial evolution in western society, many courts, including the Court of Appeal of Quebec, have decided to initiate, within the traditional system, a system of judicial mediation with a view to reinvesting in the parties themselves their power to decide their dispute. As guardians of public order and democratic values, it is fitting that the judiciary participate with the community in transforming the classical justice system so that it is more reflective of social values. In doing so, the justice system bears witness to a lessening of the distance between the judiciary and the public and to the principle that society is better served when it is better understood

The Reform of the United Nations Administration of Justice System: The United Nations Appeals Tribunal After One Year

This article surveys some emerging issues in the jurisprudence of the new United Nations Appeals Tribunal. Through an analysis of both procedural and substantive questions that the tribunal has faced in its first year (for example specific performance, production of documents, and whistleblower protection), the article offers an assessment of the implementation of the reform of the formal justice system of the United Nations. The developing jurisprudence of the tribunal will be an important indicator of the success or failure of the implementation of an independent system of justice within the United Nations

Le juge médiateur. Pour un renouveau de l’office du juge français inspiré de l’expérience québécoise.

L’objectif de cet article est de favoriser l’émergence d’une figure qui n’existe qu’à l’état embryonnaire dans le système de justice français, celle du « juge-médiateur », en s’inspirant du modèle québécois dont chacun connait les avancées en matière de prévention et règlement des différends . Dans un contexte politique favorable au développement des modes amiables de règlement des différends, tant au niveau français qu’européen, ce modèle, qui a fait la preuve de son efficacité, doit résolument retenir l’attention parce qu’il ouvre la voie d’une offre de justice susceptible de produire à la fois des résultats efficaces d’un point de vue économique, mais également justes et équitables pour les parties en conflit. Cette nouvelle offre de justice repose substantiellement sur l’autorité du juge qui est à la manœuvre et sur la façon dont ce dernier conçoit sa mission. Elle nous invite à tout le moins, nous juristes, à réfléchir à notre rapport au droit et à la justice

Les objets d'enseignement-apprentissage : éléments d'illustration de l'inclusion de l'éducation à la santé en éducation physique

Education à la santé en éducation physique au Québec, suite à la mise en place d'un nouveau programme de formation au niveau préscolaire et primaire (MEQ, 2001). Identification et description des objets d'enseignement-apprentissage enseignés; identification des motifs invoqués par les enseignants dans le choix de ces objet