Sumbangan institusi wakaf dalam perkembangan ilmu sosial dan sains

Institusi pendidikan, hospital, rumah-rumah geladangan (imaret), kebajikan dan tumpangan (khan), tempat-tempat mandian (hamam), pusat-pusat perniagaan (bazaar) dan kawasan Rehat dan Rawat (Caravanseraei) berteraskan wakaf telah dibina sejak di awal pemerintahan kerajaan Islam lagi. Malah, selama lebih seribu empat ratus ribu tahun sejak pewujudannya, institusi wakaf telah memainkan peranan yang cukup penting sebagai sumber pembiayaan terhadap kewujudan serta pembangunannya.Ironiknya, masyarakat hari ini sering mengaitkan wakaf sebagai institusi seperti masjid, surau dan tanah-tanah terbiar. Malah, wakaf turut dikaitkan dengan institusi yang bermasalah, tidak ekonomik dan tidak berpotensi untuk dimanfaatkan.Berlatar belakangkan senario tersebut, kertas kerja ini ditulis dengan matlamat untuk mencapai dua tujuan.Pertama, mengenal pasti peranan dan sumbangan institusi wakaf daripada aspek sejarah.Kedua, membuktikan kehebatan peranan serta sumbangan institusi wakaf masa silam.Kajian ini berbentuk kajian penerokaan.Data yang digunakan pula diperolehi daripada kajian perpustakaan yang dianalisis dengan menggunakan kaedah analisis kandungan dan tekstual.Dapatan kajian membuktikan bahawa institusi wakaf yang bertunjangkan al-Quran, al-Hadith dan ijmak ulama merupakan mekanisme yang masih relevan serta berupaya untuk menjadi katalis sebagai sumber pembiayaan penting bagi pembangunan ummah pada hari ini

Investigation of Sewage Flows in Universiti Malaysia PAHANG’s Sewerage System

Sewerage systems have long been one of the most critical infrastructure to any development project. The study presented here is part of a research that aim to evaluate the flow characteristics in sewerage systems. Sewage flow data was collected from a sewerage catchment within Universiti Malaysia PAHANG using an area-velocity flowmeter. The data obtained were extracted using a software associated to the flowmeter and analyzed for both dry and wet periods. The results show that the peak or maximum flow for the wet period with a rainfall intensity of 2.5 mm was twice as high for the dry period. The design criterion value back-calculated for the wet period was also twice the value for the design criterion value back-calculated for the dry period. This demonstrates that rainfall has an important effect on flows in sewerage system in that it increases the flow significantly. The k value back-calculated for both dry and wet periods were lower than the criterion recommended in Malaysian Standard MS1228:1991, suggesting that the current peak flow factor equation applied by the industry is over-adequate for sewerage catchments servicing the same population equivalent as this study

Market and welfare economic impacts of sustainable forest management policy on timber market in Sarawak, Malaysia

The main objective of this study is to analyse the impact of Sustainable Forest Management (SFM) practices on the timber market in Sarawak, Malaysia. A partial equilibrium model was applied in this study covering domestic and international timber market namely supply, domestic demand and export demand of timber. It was analysed by using a system of equations approach. All of the data are annual time series basis from 1970 to 2008. Based on the first three scenarios, the results show that changing from the conventional logging (CL) practices to SFM practices, reduce the equilibrium quantity of timber and increase the price level. The welfare economic impacts of SFM provide empirical evidence that there is a loss in welfare economic impacts on the timber industry in Sarawak, Malaysia. However, an increase in the domestic price of timber would help to compensate for the loss volume of timber. In addition, the scenarios of market access shows that Sarawak timber industry could benefit from this advantage

The Use of Study Anxiety Intervention in Reducing Anxiety to Improve Academic Performance among University Students

Anxiety is one of the wide varieties of emotional and behaviour disorders, it is a major predictor for low academic performance among students. To this, anxiety should be taken seriously. Students need some form of intervention to reduce anxiety and assist in improving academic performance. Study anxiety intervention is designed to help students handle the problem of anxiety while studying. In this paper, a study anxiety intervention program is designed to manage students study anxiety in order to improve academic performance among students is proposed. Twelve healthy students are selected for this research, from five engineering faculties at Universiti Malaysia Pahang. They are divided into two equal groups which the experiment group and the control group, each are six participants. The training runs on duration of six sessions with the experiment groups receiving full training and no training for the control groups. The results show that the experiment groups performed better in coping anxiety levels as well as increasing academic performance compared to the control groups. Based on these results, study anxiety intervention can be concluded as an effective program to improve academic performance among university students. Therefore, the participants should practice these techniques effectively to be able in study anxiety coping to enhance their academic performance

Gaya Dakwah Bil-Lisan Pendakwah Bebas di Instagram Melalui Video Pendek [Speaking Style of Freelance Preachers on Instagram Through Short Videos]

Ramai pendakwah mahupun pengguna media sosial memanfaatkan platform media sosial iaitu Facebook, Instagram dan TikTok untuk menyebarkan dakwah dan untuk tujuan bersosial. Pendekatan dakwah bil-lisan menjadi satu elemen yang penting dalam uslub penyampaian dakwah oleh pendakwah melalui video pendek. Dakwah bil-lisan merupakan satu pendekatan yang sering digunakan oleh pendakwah untuk memudahkan komunikasi antara pendakwah dan juga masyarakat. Pelbagai permasalahan yang pernah berlaku dalam gaya penyampaian dakwah oleh pendakwah seperti penggunaan bahasa yang tidak betul, mengelirukan masyarakat dengan ilmu yang mereka sendiri tidak mengetahuinya dan sebagainya. Oleh itu, objektif kajian ini dijalankan adalah untuk mengkaji dakwah bil-lisan pendakwah bebas di Instagram melalui video pendek. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah kualitatif dengan mengadakan sesi temu bual bersama tiga orang informan yang telah dipilih. Penganalisisan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan pendekatan analisis tematik. Dapatan kajian dari kajian ini mendapati bahawa pendekatan dakwah bil-lisan lebih efektif disampaikan melalui video pendek, pendekatan dakwah bil-lisan yang digunakan oleh pendakwah dalam video pendek dan pendekatan video pendek berkesan untuk menyebarkan dakwah kepada masyarakat. Pendekatan dakwah yang sering digunakan oleh pendakwah adalah dengan menggunakan intonasi yang betul, menggunakan bahasa yang tegas dan lembut, menggunakan bahasa pujukan dan ajakan dan sebagainya. Justeru itu, kajian ini perlu diteruskan bagi menjamin keberlangsungan kegiatan dakwah supaya sentiasa berkembang dan diterima baik oleh masyarakat. Many preachers and social media users take advantage of social media platforms such as Facebook, Instagram and TikTok to spread preaching and for socializing purposes. The oral da'wah approach becomes an important element in the method of da'wah delivery by preachers through short videos. Verbal preaching is an approach often used by preachers to facilitate communication between preachers and the community. Various problems that have occurred in the preaching style by preachers such as the use of incorrect language, confusing the community with knowledge that they themselves do not know and so on. Therefore, the objective of this study is to study the preaching of independent preachers on Instagram through short videos. This study uses a qualitative method by holding an interview session with three selected informants. Data analysis was done using a thematic analysis approach. The research findings from this study found that the oral preaching approach is more effective delivered through short videos, the oral preaching approach used by preachers in short videos and the short video approach is effective in spreading preaching to the community. The preaching approach often used by preachers is to use the right intonation, use firm and soft language, use the language of persuasion and invitation and so on. Therefore, this study needs to be continued to ensure the continuity of preaching activities so that they can always grow and be well received by the community

Study on Characteristics of Sediment and Sedimentation Rate at Sungai Lembing, Kuantan, Pahang

AbstractRiver is important in human life. River is very useful and has various functions in human life such as for domestics, economics, connection for one place to others place and many more. The main function of the river is to flow the water to the water storage or sea. River also brings the sediment from upstream or from erosion process. Sediments may affect the characteristics and the rate of the river. The study of sedimentation rate is quite important for development our country. It also can avoid the problem which related to our human society such as flood and water quality. As example, the depth of river become shallow if the sedimentation occurred. It also will make the quantity of aquatic life will reduced. This study was carried out to determine the sedimentation rate for five locations in the study area at Sungai Lembing, Kuantan, using Duboys and Schoklitsch equation. The highest sedimentation rate using Duboys is 2.06 lb-sec/ft was obtained at Station 3 and the lowest sedimentation rate is 0.073 lb-sec/ft also at Station 3 but in different day. Meanwhile, by using Schoklitsch equation, the highest rate is 1.12 lb-sec/ft at Station 1 and the lowest rate at Station 5 with 0.263 lb-sec/ft. The results for Duboys indicated that the rate is related to the mean size of sediment and the cross section of the river. By using Schoklitsch, the results depend on the flow rate of the river. If the flow rate higher, the sediment rate will also increase. The sediment sample sieving test results was classified using U. S. Army Corps of Engineer (USACE). The major size at Sungai Lembing for every station is in range between 2 mm-0.5mm (Medium sand) and the minor size of sediment for the five ungauged station is 0.25 mm- 0.0625mm (very fine sand)

Responses of timber concessionaires to selected policy instruments : the case of Peninsular Malaysia

This report investigates the characteristics and behaviour of logging concessionaires in Peninsular Malaysia. It highlights the aspects of these companies and their concessions that affect environmental performance. It finds that the companies are caught in a Catch-22 situation in which an increase in both harvesting rates and the number of trees left standing leads to more environmental damage in logging areas. The report suggests that the Malaysian government should introduce and encourage more environmental-friendly harvesting techniques, allow higher cutting intensities but with greater monitoring and control, and extend the cutting cycle to give the forests sufficient time to recuperate and regenerate

Surface roughness IN high speed turning OF alloy steel m303 using carbide tools in dry cutting condition

,M303 is a corrosion resistant martensitic chromium steel offe characterized by improved machinability and polish ability. It is widely utilized in industries such as in mould and die making, machinery and automotive equipment, bearing housing, and tooling. Recently, this material has also been used in locomotive bearing housing. This paper presents surface roughness achieved in the turning process of M303 in dry cutting condition using coated and uncoated carbide tools. The turning parameters included a high cutting speed regime (260-340 m/min) and feed rate at 0.1-0.2 mm/rev, suitable for the finishing process. The experiment was conducted according to the Taguchi method (L18). Average surface roughness (Ra) was in the range of 0.395-1.356 μm, in which a mirror finish was achieved for certain cutting conditions that could eliminate the grinding process. Results of surface roughness were analysed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) for linear models and revealed that feed rate is the main significant factor contributing to surface roughness, followed by type of cutting tool, and cutting speed. These findings show that good and dition, therefore it is recommended to eliminate the acceptable Ra values for M303 turning are obtained in dry con use of flooding condition as normally practiced in the industry

Antioxidant capacity and phenolic content of cocoa beans

This study investigated the antioxidant capacity and total phenolic content of cocoa beans from different countries, namely Malaysia, Ghana, Ivory Coast and Sulawesi. The antioxidant capacity of water and ethanolic extracts prepared from cocoa beans was measured by three different assays. To estimate the total phenolic content, the assay using Folin–Ciocalteu reagent was used. The water extract showed the higher value of antioxidant activity based on β-carotene bleaching assay, while the ethanolic extract showed the highest scavenging and ferric reducing activities. Ghanaian cocoa beans showed the highest antioxidant and scavenging activities, followed by Ivory Coast, Malaysian and Sulawesian. However, Malaysian and Sulawesian beans exhibited the highest ferric reducing activity, compared to the other beans. The highest phenolic content was found in Malaysian beans, followed by Sulawesian, Ghanaian and Ivory Coast. A positive correlation existed for both ethanolic (r = 0.76) and water extracts (r = 0.78) between phenolic content and ferric reducing activity. Our results showed that antioxidant capacity and phenolic content of Malaysian cocoa beans were comparable to Ghanaian, Ivory Coast, and Sulawesian beans