Administración de células madres mesenquimales obtenidas de la médula ósea para tratar las secuelas del accidente cerebrovascular hemorrágico

Tesis doctoral inédita leída en la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Cirugía. Fecha de lectura: 30 de Marzo de 201

Mejorando mi comprensión lectora a través de fábulas, una secuencia didáctica de enfoque comunicativo para la comprensión de textos narrativos en los estudiantes de segundo y tercer grado de básica primaria de la institución educativa rural maría auxiliadora de cuestecita

El presente informe da cuenta de los resultados de la investigación sobre la comprensión de textos narrativos, la cual se enmarca en el macroproyecto de didáctica del lenguaje de la Maestría en Educación de la Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira. El propósito fue determinar la incidencia de una secuencia didáctica de enfoque comunicativo en la comprensión lectora de textos narrativos tipo fábulas, con 35 estudiantes de grado segundo y tercero de la Institución educativa María Auxiliadora de Cuestecita; y reflexionar sobre las transformaciones de la práctica de enseñanza del lenguaje de las docentes participantes..

Mejorando mi comprensión lectora a través de fábulas, una secuencia didáctica de enfoque comunicativo para la comprensión de textos narrativos en los estudiantes de segundo y tercer grado de básica primaria de la institución educativa rural maría auxiliadora de cuestecita

El presente informe da cuenta de los resultados de la investigación sobre la comprensión de textos narrativos, la cual se enmarca en el macroproyecto de didáctica del lenguaje de la Maestría en Educación de la Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira. El propósito fue determinar la incidencia de una secuencia didáctica de enfoque comunicativo en la comprensión lectora de textos narrativos tipo fábulas, con 35 estudiantes de grado segundo y tercero de la Institución educativa María Auxiliadora de Cuestecita; y reflexionar sobre las transformaciones de la práctica de enseñanza del lenguaje de las docentes participantes..

Elecciones presidenciales y legislativas en Colombia en 2022

Objetivo/contexto: este artículo introductorio al dosier sobre las elecciones legislativas y presidenciales de 2022 de Colombia Internacional busca describir rasgos importantes de la campaña electoral de ese año, así como presentar la configuración del sistema de partidos a partir de los resultados tanto de las elecciones legislativas como de las presidenciales. Lo anterior con el objetivo de ofrecer un contexto general de las elecciones nacionales, en complemento con los aportes y hallazgos específicos de los artículos que componen este número. Metodología: se propone una lectura de los resultados electorales de 2022 con base en algunos datos e índices electorales y en una mirada cualitativa de lo sucedido en esos comicios, y la relación que ello puede tener con las elecciones territoriales de 2023. Conclusiones: se ofrecen algunas reflexiones en torno al posible impacto de la composición de fuerzas en las elecciones nacionales sobre las elecciones locales, y a las relaciones Ejecutivo-Legislativo producto de la nueva configuración del sistema de partidos y la puesta en práctica del Estatuto de la Oposición. Originalidad: este número presenta lecturas de las elecciones que hacen énfasis en el comportamiento político de los ciudadanos y se alejan del acento tradicional en los partidos políticos.Objective/context: This introductory article to the dossier on Legislative and Presidential Elections 2022 of Colombia Internacional seeks to describe important features of the 2022 electoral campaign, as well as present the configuration of the party system based on the results of both legislative and presidential elections. The goal is to provide a general context of national elections, complementing the specific contributions and findings of the articles that make up this issue. Methodology: This article proposes a reading of the 2022 election results based on both some electoral data and indices as well as a qualitative look at what happened in those elections and how it may relate to the local elections of 2023. Conclusions: Some reflections are offered on both the possible impact of the composition of forces in national elections on local elections, and on executive-legislative relations resulting from the new configuration of the party system and the implementation of the Opposition Statute. Originality: This issue presents readings of elections that emphasize citizens’ political behavior and move away from traditional emphasis on political parties.Objetivo/contexto: este artigo introdutório do dossiê sobre Eleições legislativas e presidenciais 2022 da Colombia Internacional busca descrever características importantes da campanha eleitoral de 2022, bem como apresentar a configuração do sistema de partidos com base nos resultados tanto das eleições legislativas quanto das presidenciais. O objetivo é fornecer um contexto geral das eleições nacionais, complementando as contribuições e descobertas específicas dos artigos que compõem este número. Metodologia: este artigo propõe uma leitura dos resultados eleitorais de 2022 com base em alguns dados e índices eleitorais, bem como uma visão qualitativa do que aconteceu nessas eleições e como isso pode se relacionar com as eleições territoriais de 2023. Conclusões: são oferecidas algumas reflexões tanto sobre o possível impacto da composição de forças nas eleições nacionais sobre as eleições locais, quanto sobre as relações executivo-legislativo resultantes da nova configuração do sistema de partidos e da implementação do Estatuto da Oposição. Originalidade: este número apresenta leituras das eleições que enfatizam o comportamento político dos cidadãos e se afastam do ênfase tradicional nos partidos políticos

Adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells as a strategy to improve recovery after stroke

Introduction: Based on the positive results observed in experimental animal models, adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs) constitute a promising therapy for stroke treatment. However, several aspects need to be clarified to identify the optimal conditions for successful clinical translation. Areas covered: This review focuses on AD-MSC treatment for ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke in experimental animal models. In addition, we will explore the optimization of treatment conditions including AD-MSC production, administration routes and therapeutic windows for their appropriate use in patients, and we will provide an update on clinical trials on this therapy. Expert opinion: Compared with other cell types, AD-MSCs have been less investigated in stroke studies. Currently, experimental animal models have shown safety and efficacy with this treatment after stroke. Due to several advantages of AD-MSCs, such as their abundance and accessibility, they can be considered a promising strategy for use in patients. However, many questions are still to be resolved regarding their mechanisms of action, immune system modulation and the effects of AD-MSCs on all components of the brain that may be affected after ischemic and hemorrhagic strokesThis project is supported by research grants PS12/01754 (Spanish Ministry of Science) and INVICTUS (RD12/0014/0006) (Spanish Neurovascular Network), and Research Institute Carlos III, Ministry Science and Innovatio

Comparison between xenogeneic and allogeneic adipose mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of acute cerebral infarct: Proof of concept in rats

Background: Rat adipose tissue-derived-mesenchymal stem cells (rAD-MSCs) have proven to be safe in experimental animal models of stroke. However, in order to use human AD-MSCs (hAD-MSCs) as a treatment for stroke patients, a proof of concept is needed. We analyzed whether the xenogeneic hAD-MSCs were as safe and effective as allogeneic rAD-MSCs in permanent Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion (pMCAO) in rats. Methods: Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups, which were intravenously injected with xenogeneic hAD-MSCs (2 × 106), allogeneic rAD-MSCs (2 × 106) or saline (control) at 30 min after pMCAO. Behavior, cell implantation, lesion size and cell death were evaluated. Brain markers such as GFAP (glial fibrillary acid protein), VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) and SYP (synaptophysin) and tumor formation were analyzed. Results: Compared to controls, recovery was significantly better at 24 h and continued to be so at 14 d after IV administration of either hAD-MSCs or rAD-MSCs. No reduction in lesion size or migration/implantation of cells in the damaged brain were observed in the treatment groups. Nevertheless, cell death was significantly reduced with respect to the control group in both treatment groups. VEGF and SYP levels were significantly higher, while those of GFAP were lower in the treated groups. At three months, there was no tumor formation. Conclusions: hAD-MSCs and rAD-MSCs were safe and without side effects or tumor formation. Both treatment groups showed equal efficacy in terms of functional recovery and decreased ischemic brain damage (cell death and glial scarring) and resulted in higher angiogenesis and synaptogenesis marker levelsThis research was supported by research grants FIS06/0575, FIS09/01606, FIS12/01754 and INVICTUS (RD12/0014/0006) (Spanish Neurovascular Network), Cellerix, and Research Institute Carlos III, Ministry of Science and Innovation of Spain

White matter repair after extracellular vesicles administration in an experimental animal model of subcortical stroke

Mesenchymal stem cells have previously been shown to mediate brain repair after stroke; they secrete 50-100 nm complexes called extracellular vesicles (EVs), which could be responsible for provoking neurovascular repair and functional recovery. EVs have been observed by electron microscopy and NanoSight, and they contain associated proteins such as CD81 and Alix. This purified, homogeneous population of EVs was administered intravenously after subcortical stroke in rats. To evaluate the EVs effects, we studied the biodistribution, proteomics analysis, functional evaluation, lesion size, fiber tract integrity, axonal sprouting and white matter repair markers. We found that a single administration of EVs improved functional recovery, fiber tract integrity, axonal sprouting and white matter repair markers in an experimental animal model of subcortical stroke. EVs were found in the animals' brain and peripheral organs after euthanasia. White matter integrity was in part restored by EVs administration mediated by molecular repair factors implicated in axonal sprouting, tract connectivity, remyelination and oligodendrogenesis. These findings are associated with improved functional recovery. This novel role for EVs presents a new perspective in the development of biologics for brain repair.This study has been partially supported by grants from PS15/01318 and INVICTUS (RD12/0014) (Spanish Neurovascular Network), Miguel Servet (CP15/00069 to María Gutiérrez-Fernández) and a Sara Borrell postdoctoral fellowship (CD12/00706, to Laura Otero-Ortega) from Research Institute Carlos III, Ministry of Science and Innovation of Spain and European Regional Development Fun

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor administration mediated oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelin formation in subcortical ischemic stroke

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Translational research is beginning to reveal the importance of trophic factors as a therapy for cellular brain repair. The purpose of this study was to analyze whether brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) administration could mediate oligodendrogenesis and remyelination after white matter injury in subcortical stroke. METHODS: Ischemia was induced in rats by injection of endothelin-1. At 24 hours, 0.4 μg/kg of BDNF or saline was intravenously administered to the treatment and control groups, respectively. Functional evaluation, MRI, and fiber tract integrity on tractography images were analyzed. Proliferation (KI-67) and white matter repair markers (A2B5, 2',3'-cyclic-nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase [CNPase], adenomatous polyposis coli [APC], platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha [PDGFR-α], oligodendrocyte marker O4 [O4], oligodendrocyte transcription factor [Olig-2], and myelin basic protein [MBP]) were analyzed at 7 and 28 days. RESULTS: The BDNF-treated animals showed less functional deficit at 28 days after treatment than the controls (P<0.05). Although T2-MRI did not show differences in lesion size at 7 and 28 days between groups, diffusion tensor imaging tractography analysis revealed significantly better tract connectivity at 28 days in the BDNF group than in the controls (P<0.05). Increased proliferation of oligodendrocyte progenitors was observed in treated animals at 7 days (P<0.05). Finally, the levels of white matter repair markers (A2B5, CNPase, and O4 at 7 days; Olig-2 and MBP at 28 days) were higher in the BDNF group than in the controls (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: BDNF administration exerted better functional outcome, oligodendrogenesis, remyelination, and fiber connectivity than controls in rats subjected to subcortical damage in ischemic strokeSupported by research grants PS12/01754 (P.I.: EDT), INVICTUS Spanish Neurovascular Network RD12/0014/0006 (BRF and JRC) and Sara Borrell postdoctoral fellowship CD12/00706 (LOO) from the Research Institute Carlos III, Ministry of Science and Innovation of Spai

Albayzín-2014 evaluation: audio segmentation and classification in broadcast news domains

The electronic version of this article is the complete one and can be found online at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13636-015-0076-3Audio segmentation is important as a pre-processing task to improve the performance of many speech technology tasks and, therefore, it has an undoubted research interest. This paper describes the database, the metric, the systems and the results for the Albayzín-2014 audio segmentation campaign. In contrast to previous evaluations where the task was the segmentation of non-overlapping classes, Albayzín-2014 evaluation proposes the delimitation of the presence of speech, music and/or noise that can be found simultaneously. The database used in the evaluation was created by fusing different media and noises in order to increase the difficulty of the task. Seven segmentation systems from four different research groups were evaluated and combined. Their experimental results were analyzed and compared with the aim of providing a benchmark and showing up the promising directions in this field.This work has been partially funded by the Spanish Government and the European Union (FEDER) under the project TIN2011-28169-C05-02 and supported by the European Regional Development Fund and the Spanish Government (‘SpeechTech4All Project’ TEC2012-38939-C03