PET/CTを用いたマウス骨格筋インスリン抵抗性の評価

Measuring glucose uptake in the skeletal muscle in vivo is an effective method to determine glucose metabolism abnormalities as the skeletal muscle is the principal tissue responsible for glucose disposal and is a major site of peripheral insulin resistance. In this study, we investigated the pathological glucose metabolism dynamics of the skeletal muscle of C57BL/6J mice in a noninvasive and time-sequential manner using positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT), an imaging technique that uses radioactive substances to visualize and measure metabolic processes in the body, with [18F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG). FDG-PET/CT imaging revealed that insulin administration and exercise load significantly increased FDG accumulation in the skeletal muscle of C57BL/6J mice. FDG accumulation was lower in the skeletal muscle of 14-week-old db/db diabetic model mice exhibiting remarkable insulin resistance compared to that of 7-week-old db/db mice. Based on the continuous observation of FDG accumulation over time in diet-induced obese (DIO) mice, FDG accumulation significantly decreased in 17-week-old mice after the acquisition of insulin resistance. Although insulin-induced glucose uptake in the skeletal muscle was markedly attenuated in 20-week-old DIO mice that had already developed insulin resistance, exercise load effectively increased FDG uptake in the skeletal muscle. Thus, we successfully confirmed that glucose uptake accompanied by insulin administration and exercise load increased in the skeletal muscle using PET-CT. FDG-PET/CT might be an effective tool that could noninvasively capture the chronological changes of metabolic abnormalities in the skeletal muscle of mice

Transport of carbon-bearing dusts from Iraq to Japan during Iraq\u27s War

Rainwater collected during the period of February-April, 2003 in Kanazawa University and Hakui, Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan, was investigated by ion chromatography of the dissolved ions, and Scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive analyzer (SEM-EDX), electron microprobe analyzer (EPMA), transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) analyses of the filtered samples. The pH, Eh, EC, dissolved oxygen (DO) and depleted U (DU) of the rainwater were also measured. The results show a rare case with low pH value of rain and high value of electrical conductivity (EC) in the rainwater during certain period. The NO 3 -, SO 4 2- and NH 4 + concentrations on 26th March, show quite high values after oil field fires on 21st March 2003. The powdery dust and carbon-bearing nm sized particles contained in the rainwater have characteristics different from that of the Asian dust (Kosa). Since 21 March, 2003 the Iraq plunged into the war, the 9 oil field fires were reported on 25 March, 2003 in Rumaylah oil field near the borderline of Kuwait. The first precipitation was caught in Kanazawa on 24 March, 2003. The pH value of the rainwater indicated a strong acid rain (pH 3.6) with black powdery dusts. The acid rain on 27th March to 2nd April (pH 3.4-4.3; 5-17mm) associated with WNW wind (2.7-4.1m/s) has continued to the first 10 days of April in Kanazawa, during the 9 oil fields were burning in Iraq. The EC in rainwater collected from 24 March to 15 April, 2003, shows high concentrations of ions, suggesting high contents of water soluble-carbon particles and soot. In the meantime, it was the highest season of sandstorms at bare dried land in Iraq from the end of March to the beginning of April. Westerly wind blew around 5500m high, and the sandstorm with 2000m wide was transported by strong wind to Zagros 3000m high mountains. The hot wind hit the Zagros Mountains and easily to join and rise to Westerly wind high by a rising air current. The 234U/ 238U activity (around 0.2) in typical depleted uranium (DU) is quite low compared with that (around 1.0) in natural uranium. The contamination of DU from the Iraq conflict may be, if any, negligibly small on undetectable level. On the other hand, the powdery dusts and carbon-bearing particles of rainwater have been produced by combustion of oil field in Iraq and they are directly cycling in our planet by Westerly wind. Black carbon particles are a product of incomplete combustion, and are the principal light-absorbing atmospheric aerosol. The result reminds us of the scientific values of short-term atmospheric environment records during Iraq\u27s War. This has consequences for primary production of powdery dusts coming from Iraq to the atmosphere over half the globe away. © 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

母子保健医療に携わる看護職を対象とした周産期メンタルヘルス勉強会の実践報告

　地域母子保健における精神保健看護活動の一環として，平成25年から母子保健医療に携わる看護職を対象に開催している第1回～第15回周産期メンタルヘルス勉強会について，参加者へのアンケート結果から勉強会の実際について報告する．参加者の勉強会の満足度は，「とても満足した」「まあまあ満足した」が延べ205名（98.6％），有用度は，「とても役立つ」「まあまあ役立つ」が延べ208名（100％）といずれも高かった．満足度･有用度の選択理由に関する自由記載には，色々な職種･立場の意見を聴くことができた，他職種･他機関について理解が深まった，地域の交流の場・連携を学ぶ場となった，事例検討により具体的な関わりを学ぶことができた，精神保健看護の専門的知識や対応を学ぶことができた，地域母子保健の取り組みを知ることができた，実践の参考にできる，実践の振り返りに役立つ，などの意見が複数あった．参加者は勉強会で周産期メンタルヘルスの知識を高め，それぞれの実践に役立てるだけでなく，多職種多機関の相互理解を深めて地域交流や連携について学ぶことができていた

Association of skipping breakfast and short sleep duration with the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the general Japanese population : Baseline data from the Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative cohort study

The purpose of the study was to investigate sex-specific associations of skipping breakfast and short sleep duration with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and their interaction. We analyzed baseline data of 14,907 men and 14,873 women aged 35–69 years, who participated in the Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort Study from 2005. MetS was diagnosed using a modification of the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III revised definition (NCEP-R 2005), using body mass index instead of waist circumference. Breakfast consumption was classified into two categories: ≥6 days/week (consumers) or <6 days/week (skippers). Sleep duration was classified into three categories: <6h, 6 to <8 h, and ≥8 h/day. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) and examine the presence of interaction. In men, skipping breakfast and short sleep duration were independently associated with an increased prevalence of MetS (OR 1.26, 95%CI 1.12–1.42 and OR 1.28, 95%CI 1.12–1.45, respectively), obesity, and components of MetS. However, no significant interaction was observed between skipping breakfast and short sleep duration. In women, skipping breakfast and short sleep duration were associated with an increased prevalence of obesity, but not with MetS. These findings indicate that breakfast consumption and moderate sleep duration may be associated with a lower risk of MetS, particularly in men

平成27年度 看護学部ＦＤ研修会の報告

　看護学部FD委員会が平成27年4月より実施した全15回の看護学部FD研修会について，実施した内容や受講者へのアンケート調査の結果と合わせて，検討した今後の課題について報告する．本年度のFD研修会は，教員のニーズを参考に内容を検討しながら，看護学部が開設年度であることや教育経験の短い教員が多いことなどを踏まえて，教員同士の交流の機会を多く持てるように工夫して実施した．FD研修会の出席率は平均96％，受講者アンケートにおける目標達成度は，「かなり達成できた」，「まあまあ達成できた」を合わせて平均90％，1 年間の看護学部FD研修会に対する満足度調査においても，「かなり満足できた」11 件（58%），「まあまあ満足できた」7 件（37%）で，教員の満足度は概ね高かった．しかし満足度調査の結果からは，経験年数が長い教員ほど満足度がやや低くなる傾向が見られた．またそれぞれの調査の自由記載の中には，研修会の運営改善を求める意見も含まれていた．これらの結果から，今後は幅広い経験を持つ教員それぞれが満足できるように更に内容や方法を検討し，研修会の運営方法の改善に努めていくことで，看護学部のFD活性化に貢献していきたいと考える

Significance of receiving mental health training and consultation for visiting nurses providing support to pregnant and postpartum women at high risk of psychosocial problems

本研究の目的は，心理社会的ハイリスク妊産婦を対象とした訪問支援事業に携わる訪問指導員が，メンタルヘルス研修およびメンタルヘルスコンサルテーションを受ける意味を明らかにすることである．7 名の訪問指導員に行った半構成的インタビューの内容を質的記述的に分析した．その結果，訪問指導員が抱えていた【ハイリスク妊産婦へのメンタルヘルス支援に関するゆらぎや不確かさ】が，メンタルヘルス研修およびメンタルヘルスコンサルテーションを受けることによって，【メンタルヘルス支援技術の獲得】【ハイリスク妊産婦の理解と関わりの促進】【支援方法の客観的評価】【心理的負担感の軽減】【チームへの波及効果】へ転換されたと考えられた．また，地域母子保健において，実践者である訪問指導員への教育的支援および継続的なコンサルテーションシステムの構築と精神科看護師の配置の必要性が示唆された．departmental bulletin pape