CYP2D6 Allele Frequency in Five Malaria Vivax Endemic Areas From Brazilian Amazon Region

Funding Information: We acknowledge the participants in the study, without whom this research could not have been done. For laboratorial support the authors wish to show their appreciation to Gabriel Barbosa de Abreu (in memorian). To Norman Ratcliffe for the English revision of this manuscript. Part of this work is described in a Master?s Dissertation by PS, conducted at the Applied Microbiology and Parasitology Post-graduation Program, Federal Fluminense University. Publisher Copyright: © Copyright © 2021 Salles, Perce-da-Silva, Rossi, Raposo, Ramirez Ramirez, Pereira Bastos, Pratt-Riccio, Cassiano, Baptista, Cardoso, Banic and Machado.Genetic variability was linked with individual responses to treatment and susceptibility to malaria by Plasmodium vivax. Polymorphisms in the CYP2D6 gene may modulate enzyme level and activity, thereby affecting individual responses to pharmacological treatment. The aim of the study was to investigate whether or not CYP2D6 single nucleotide polymorphisms rs1065852, rs38920-97, rs16947 and rs28371725 are unequally distributed in malaria by Plasmodium vivax individuals from the Brazilian Amazon region. The blood samples were collected from 220 unrelated Plasmodium vivax patients from five different endemic areas. Genotyping was performed using SNaPshot® and real-time polymerase chain reaction methods. In all five areas, the rs1065852 (CYP2D6*10, C.100C > T), rs3892097 (CYP2D6*4, 1846C > T) and rs16947 (CYP2D6*2, C.2850G > A), as a homozygous genotype, showed the lowest frequencies. The rs28371725 (CYP2D6*41, 2988G > A) homozygous genotype was not detected, while the allele A was found in a single patient from Macapá region. No deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were found, although a borderline p-value was observed (p = 0.048) for the SNP rs3892097 in Goianésia do Pará, Pará state. No significant associations were detected in these frequencies among the five studied areas. For the SNP rs3892097, a higher frequency was observed for the C/T heterozygous genotype in the Plácido de Castro and Macapá, Acre and Amapá states, respectively. The distribution of the CYP2D6 alleles investigated in the different areas of the Brazilian Amazon is not homogeneous. Further investigations are necessary in order to determine which alleles might be informative to assure optimal drug dosing recommendations based on experimental pharmacogenetics.publishersversionpublishe

TOXOPLASMOSIS-RELATED KNOWLEDGE AMONG PREGNANT AND POSTPARTUM WOMEN ATTENDED IN PUBLIC HEALTH UNITS IN NITERÓI, RIO DE JANEIRO, BRAZIL

The present study conducted a toxoplasmosis-related knowledge level survey with 400 pregnant and puerperal women attended in public health units in the municipality of Niterói, Rio de Janeiro. Only 111 (27.8%) women claimed to know about the disease. Most of them (n = 289; 72.2%) had never heard about toxoplasmosis nor knew how to prevent the infection by Toxoplasma gondii. A significant difference (p = 0.013) regarding the presence of anti-T. gondii IgG was observed between women who claimed to know about the disease and those who had never heard about it. These results highlight the importance of a systematic serological screening process for toxoplasmosis, as well as the importance of primary prevention by accurate information during prenatal care, an important Public Health action to be implemented.Este estudo teve por objetivo realizar um levantamento do conhecimento de 400 gestantes e puérperas atendidas na rede pública de saúde do município de Niterói, Estado do Rio de Janeiro sobre a toxoplasmose. Apenas 111 (27,8%) participantes relataram conhecer a doença. A maioria 289 (72,2%) nunca ouviu falar sobre a toxoplasmose, principalmente sobre as formas de prevenção da infecção pelo Toxoplasma gondii. Foi encontrada diferença significativa entre as pacientes que disseram conhecer a toxoplasmose e aquelas que relataram desconhecer a doença com relação à presença de anticorpos IgG anti- T.gondii (p = 0,013). Estes resultados permitem ressaltar a importância do rastreamento sorológico sistemático na infecção toxoplásmica, bem como a prevenção primária por meio de informações corretas durante o pré-natal, sendo esta uma importante medida de saúde pública a ser implementada

Parasitos gastrintestinais de gatos de rua e de abrigo da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil

Submitted by Sandra Infurna ([email protected]) on 2018-02-15T10:45:58Z No. of bitstreams: 1 claudia_uchoa_etal_IOC_2017.pdf: 600018 bytes, checksum: b7c9bdc858c2fca11bd68c9d94fc8a63 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Sandra Infurna ([email protected]) on 2018-02-15T10:53:26Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 claudia_uchoa_etal_IOC_2017.pdf: 600018 bytes, checksum: b7c9bdc858c2fca11bd68c9d94fc8a63 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-15T10:53:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 claudia_uchoa_etal_IOC_2017.pdf: 600018 bytes, checksum: b7c9bdc858c2fca11bd68c9d94fc8a63 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Toxoplasmose e outras Protozooses. Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Toxoplasmose e outras Protozooses. Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Brasil / Universidade Federal Fluminense. Instituto Biomédico. Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia. Niterói, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Toxoplasmose e outras Protozooses. Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Toxoplasmose e outras Protozooses. Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Brasil.Universidade Federal Fluminense. Instituto Biomédico. Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia. Niterói, RJ, Brasil.Universidade Federal Fluminense. Instituto Biomédico. Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia. Niterói, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Toxoplasmose e outras Protozooses. Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Brasil

Crithidia deanei infection in normal and dexamethasone–immunosuppressed Balb/c mice

Submitted by Sandra Infurna ([email protected]) on 2017-09-05T14:44:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 susana_cortereal_etal_IOC_2010.pdf: 1759531 bytes, checksum: 944267f24db26d485dbb0d5e855cf933 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Sandra Infurna ([email protected]) on 2017-09-05T14:59:10Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 susana_cortereal_etal_IOC_2010.pdf: 1759531 bytes, checksum: 944267f24db26d485dbb0d5e855cf933 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-05T14:59:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 susana_cortereal_etal_IOC_2010.pdf: 1759531 bytes, checksum: 944267f24db26d485dbb0d5e855cf933 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010Universidade Federal Fluminense. Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular.. Niterói, RJ, Brasil.Universidade Federal Fluminense. Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular.. Niterói, RJ, Brasil.Universidade Federal Fluminense. Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular.. Niterói, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Departamento de Micobacterioses. Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Brasil / Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Faculdade de Ciências Médicas. Departamento de Patologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Universidade Federal Fluminense. Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular.. Niterói, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Biologia Estrutural. Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Brasil.Universidade Federal Fluminense. Instituto Biomédico. Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia. Niterói, RJ, Brasil.Monoxenous trypanossomatids protozoa are not believed to cause in vivo infection in vertebrate hosts throughout their life cycle. However, there are reports mentioning some cases of HIVpositive patients who have presented opportunistic infections caused by these protozoa. Recently, we have demonstrated the in vitro infection of mouse dermal fibroblasts by these protozoa. The aim of the present work is to investigate the possibility of Crithidia deanei, a endosymbiont-bearing monoxenous trypanossomatid, infect BALB/c mice under or not Dexamethasone treatment. To attend it, distinct gro- ups of adult BALB/c mice were immunosuppressed with 50 mg/kg of Dexamethasone. This immunosuppressor was administered 24 hours before infection and daily, for 15 days after C. deanei inoculation. Control groups: C. deanei–inoculated animals but non-immunosuppressed and non-inoculated animals but immunosuppressed were also used. Light Microscopy analysis revealed an infection process characterized by the presence of the trypanossomatid inside dermal cells in the groups studied. The experimental inoculation resulted in a non-lethal infection characterized by the presence of the trypanossomatid inside dermal cells in the normal BALB/c mice, but notably, in the C. deanei–inoculated immunosuppressed group. These preliminary results lead to the following conclusions: 1) C. deanei is able to infect normal BALB/c mice; 2) the immunosupressed mice seemed to be more susceptible to the C. deanei infection compared to the control group. Besides C. deanei in dexamethasone-immunosuppressed mice provides a useful model for studies of monoxenous trypanosomatids ‘in vivo’ infection, resembling that one presumably occurring in imunodeficient individuals with AIDS

Prevalence and risk factors for Toxoplasma gondii infection among pregnant and postpartum women attended at public healthcare facilities in the City of Niterói, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Introduction To determine the prevalence of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies among pregnant and postpartum women attended within the public healthcare system in Niter&#243;i, State of Rio de Janeiro, and to detect possible exposure factors associated with T. gondii infection in this population. Methods IgM and IgG anti-T. gondii antibodies were investigated in 276 pregnant and 124 postpartum women by using the indirect immunofluorescence (IFAT) and immunoenzymatic assay (ELISA) techniques. The participants were selected by convenience sampling. All these 400 patients filled out a free and informed consent statement, answered an epidemiological questionnaire and were informed about the disease. Results Among the 400 samples analyzed, 234 (58.5%) were reactive to IgG anti-T. gondii antibodies, according to the IFAT and/or ELISA assay. One pregnant woman was found to be reactive to IgM anti-T. gondii antibodies, with an intermediate IgG avidity test. Risk factor analysis showed that seropositivity was significantly associated (p<0.05) with age, contact with cats and presence of rodents at home. Through a logistic regression model, these associations were confirmed for age and contact with cats, while education at least of the high school level was found to be a protective factor. Conclusions The prevalence rate of IgG anti-T. gondii antibodies in the City of Niter&#243;i was high and the risk factors for infection detected after multivariate analysis were: age over 30 years, contact with cats and education levels lower than university graduate level

Prevalence and risk factors for Toxoplasma gondii infection among pregnant and postpartum women attended at public healthcare facilities in the City of Niterói, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Introduction To determine the prevalence of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies among pregnant and postpartum women attended within the public healthcare system in Niterói, State of Rio de Janeiro, and to detect possible exposure factors associated with T. gondii infection in this population. Methods IgM and IgG anti-T. gondii antibodies were investigated in 276 pregnant and 124 postpartum women by using the indirect immunofluorescence (IFAT) and immunoenzymatic assay (ELISA) techniques. The participants were selected by convenience sampling. All these 400 patients filled out a free and informed consent statement, answered an epidemiological questionnaire and were informed about the disease. Results Among the 400 samples analyzed, 234 (58.5%) were reactive to IgG anti-T. gondii antibodies, according to the IFAT and/or ELISA assay. One pregnant woman was found to be reactive to IgM anti-T. gondii antibodies, with an intermediate IgG avidity test. Risk factor analysis showed that seropositivity was significantly associated (p<0.05) with age, contact with cats and presence of rodents at home. Through a logistic regression model, these associations were confirmed for age and contact with cats, while education at least of the high school level was found to be a protective factor. Conclusions The prevalence rate of IgG anti-T. gondii antibodies in the City of Niterói was high and the risk factors for infection detected after multivariate analysis were: age over 30 years, contact with cats and education levels lower than university graduate level