The influence of intense intermittent versus moderate continuous exercise on postprandial lipemia

INTRODUCTION: Postprandial lipemia is characterized by an increased concentration of circulating lipids after fat intake and is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Exercise is known to reduce postprandial lipemia and its negative clinical outcomes. OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the effect of intense intermittent versus moderate continuous exercise using the same energy expenditure in postprandial lipemia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty healthy men (aged 21.5 + 3.5 years) performed a random sequence of either rest or 500 Kcal tests separated by a minimum 48 h interval as follows: (a) no exercise (control), (b) intense intermittent exercise, or (c) moderate continuous exercise. Each test series was completed 30 min before ingestion of a high-fat meal (1 g fat/kg). Venous blood was collected before and at 1, 2, 3 and 4 hours after the high-fat meal. Postprandial lipemia was assessed using the area under the curve approach as well as a kinetic profile of mean lipid variables. Statistical significance was tested at the p<0.05 level. RESULTS: With both statistical approaches, intense intermittent and moderate continuous exercises were both effective in reducing postprandial triglycerides; however, only intense intermittent exercise reduced the levels of postprandial very low density lipoprotein. Intense intermittent and continuous exercise produced lower levels of insulinemia using the area under the curve analysis only. CONCLUSION: Intense intermittent or continuous exercise with an energy expenditure of 500 kcal completed 30 min before ingestion of high-fat meal reduced postprandial lipid levels to different levels in physically active men. Understanding these relevant differences will enable clinicians to provide the best exercise prescription for patients

The role of the NIS (SLC5A5) gene in Papillary thyroid cancer : a systematic review

Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is the most common thyroid malignancy. Genetic and epigenetic alterations play a decisive role in the onset of several human neoplasms. Mutations and polymorphisms are two frequent genetic alterations. Located on chromosome 19 (19p13.11), the NIS SLC5A5 (solute carrier family 5 member 5) gene encodes a highly specialized and efficient 80–90 kDa transmembrane glycoprotein that mediates active transport of iodide from the bloodstream into the follicular cells. Given the highly significant role of NIS in the physiology and the cancer pathogenesis process, this paper’s objective is to provide a comprehensive assessment of the associations between NIS gene and protein with papillary thyroid cancer

Obesidade e capacidade funcional podem estar associadas com diversas comorbidades em idosos residentes em instituições de longa permanência

ResumoIntrodução: o envelhecimento é um processo complexo que geralmente ocorre concomitantemente com o declínio e a reformulação das diferentes funções do corpo, dentre as quais, destacam-se as mudanças antropométricas, funcionais e cognitivas, bem como o aparecimento de diversos problemas de saúde. Objetivo: analisar a correlação entre a obesidade e a capacidade funcional com o déficit cognitivo e outras comorbidades em idosos residentes em Instituições de Longa Permanência. Materiais e Métodos: estudo transversal descritivo realizado em 40 idosos de ambos os sexos residentes em Instituições de Longa Permanência. Foram mensurados dados antropométricos, cognitivos e funcionais. As comorbidades foram verificadas com base no prontuário médico. Os dados foram analisados por meio do teste T independente, Teste Qui-Quadrado e Correlação Linear de Pearson. Foi adotado o valor de p&lt;0,05 para apontar as diferenças significativas. O programa SPSS, 22.0 foi usado para realizar as análises. Resultado: o déficit cognitivo foi de 73% para mulheres e 48% para homens. A força de preensão palmar dominante foi de 11,6 ± 7,5 no sexo masculino e 6,2 ± 5,2 no sexo feminino, e não dominante 10,3 ± 6,5 e 5,3 ± 3,8 para masculino e feminino respectivamente. O IMC foi 25,9 ± 3,7 e 28,1 ± 5,0 para homens e mulheres respectivamente. Conclusão: a obesidade e o déficit cognitivo estão elevados entre os idosos institucionalizados. Houve associação do IMC e da força com as comorbidades, porém não com o desempenho cognitivo. Adicionalmente, os resultados dos testes funcionais se mostraram bastante comprometidos, uma vez que estão bastante inferiores aos valores encontrados em outros estudos. AbstractIntroduction: aging is a complex process that usually occurs concomitantly with the decline and the reformulation of the different body functions, among which, the anthropometric, functional and cognitive changes are distinguished, as well as the appearance of several health disorders. Objective: analyze the correlation between obesity and functional capacity with cognitive impairment and other comorbidities in the elderly living in long-stay institutions. Materials and Methods: descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in 40 elderly of both genders, who live in LSI. Anthropometric, cognitive and functional data were measured. Comorbidities were verified based in medical records. Data were analyzed using independent T test, chi-square test and Pearson’s linear correlation. It was adopted p value &lt;0.05 to point out the significant differences. Result: cognitive impairment was 73% for women and 48% for men. The strength of dominant handgrip was 11.6 ± 7.5 in males and 6.2 ± 5.2 in females, and non-dominant 10.3 ± 6.5 and 5.3 ± 3.8 for male and female respectively. BMI was 25.9 ± 3.7 and 28.1 ± 5.0 for men and women respectively. Conclusion: obesity and cognitive impairment are high among the institutionalized elderly. There was an association of BMI and strength with comorbidities, but not with cognitive performance. Additionally, the results of the functional tests showed much compromised, since they are well below than the values found in other studies. figshare DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.819860

Panoramic snapshot of serum soluble mediator interplay in pregnant women with convalescent COVID-19: an exploratory study

IntroductionSARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy can induce changes in the maternal immune response, with effects on pregnancy outcome and offspring. This is a cross-sectional observational study designed to characterize the immunological status of pregnant women with convalescent COVID-19 at distinct pregnancy trimesters. The study focused on providing a clear snapshot of the interplay among serum soluble mediators.MethodsA sample of 141 pregnant women from all prenatal periods (1st, 2nd and 3rd trimesters) comprised patients with convalescent SARS-CoV-2 infection at 3-20 weeks after symptoms onset (COVID, n=89) and a control group of pre-pandemic non-infected pregnant women (HC, n=52). Chemokine, pro-inflammatory/regulatory cytokine and growth factor levels were quantified by a high-throughput microbeads array.ResultsIn the HC group, most serum soluble mediators progressively decreased towards the 2nd and 3rd trimesters of pregnancy, while higher chemokine, cytokine and growth factor levels were observed in the COVID patient group. Serum soluble mediator signatures and heatmap analysis pointed out that the major increase observed in the COVID group related to pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, IL-12, IFN-γ and IL-17). A larger set of biomarkers displayed an increased COVID/HC ratio towards the 2nd (3x increase) and the 3rd (3x to 15x increase) trimesters. Integrative network analysis demonstrated that HC pregnancy evolves with decreasing connectivity between pairs of serum soluble mediators towards the 3rd trimester. Although the COVID group exhibited a similar profile, the number of connections was remarkably lower throughout the pregnancy. Meanwhile, IL-1Ra, IL-10 and GM-CSF presented a preserved number of correlations (≥5 strong correlations in HC and COVID), IL-17, FGF-basic and VEGF lost connectivity throughout the pregnancy. IL-6 and CXCL8 were included in a set of acquired attributes, named COVID-selective (≥5 strong correlations in COVID and &lt;5 in HC) observed at the 3rd pregnancy trimester.Discussion and conclusionFrom an overall perspective, a pronounced increase in serum levels of soluble mediators with decreased network interplay between them demonstrated an imbalanced immune response in convalescent COVID-19 infection during pregnancy that may contribute to the management of, or indeed recovery from, late complications in the post-symptomatic phase of the SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnant women

Influence of apolipoprotein-E gene on lipid profile, physical activity and body fat relationship

Physical activity and body fat modify lipemia, and this effect seems to be influenced by apolipoprotein-E (APOE) gene polymorphism. Thus, the purpose of this article was to review main results of studies that have analyzed the relation of APOE gene with physical activity and body fat on triglycerides, total cholesterol and low (LDL) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) concentrations. The Scientific Electronic Library Online – SciELO, Web of Science and PubMed database were used to locate the articles. The keywords used in combination were: apoe genotype, apolipoprotein-E polymorphism, physical exercise, physical activity, aerobic exercise, body fat and obesity. Originals scientific investigations performed with humans were included, and excluded those ones which involved samples with diseases, except obesity and/or lipemic disorders. It was observed a trend, that ε2 allele carriers are the ones with the greater improvements on lipemia from physical exercise. In addition, the body fat impact on the elevation of triglycerides and LDL are stronger in carriers of the ε2 and ε4 allele, respectively. Considering the small number of originals scientific investigations and their divergent results, reliable inferences can not be made about the APOE gene polymorphism influences on physical activity and body fat effect on lipemia. Thus, further studies with others populations and more volunteers for allele, as well as others exercise modalities and intensities, are necessary

<b> Influence of apolipoprotein-E gene on lipid profile, physical activity and body fat relationship</b>

Physical activity and body fat modify lipemia, and this effect seems to be influenced by apolipoprotein-E (APOE) gene polymorphism. Thus, the purpose of this article was to review main results of studies that have analyzed the relation of APOE gene with physical activity and body fat on triglycerides, total cholesterol and low (LDL) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) concentrations. The Scientific Electronic Library Online – SciELO, Web of Science and PubMed database were used to locate the articles. The keywords used in combination were: apoe genotype, apolipoprotein-E polymorphism, physical exercise, physical activity, aerobic exercise, body fat and obesity. Originals scientific investigations performed with humans were included, and excluded those ones which involved samples with diseases, except obesity and/or lipemic disorders. It was observed a trend, that ε2 allele carriers are the ones with the greater improvements on lipemia from physical exercise. In addition, the body fat impact on the elevation of triglycerides and LDL are stronger in carriers of the ε2 and ε4 allele, respectively. Considering the small number of originals scientific investigations and their divergent results, reliable inferences can not be made about the APOE gene polymorphism influences on physical activity and body fat effect on lipemia. Thus, further studies with others populations and more volunteers for allele, as well as others exercise modalities and intensities, are necessary

Gerontology in the developing Brazil: Achievements and challenges in public policies

Aim: In the last three decades, the segment of population aged 60 years and older has more than doubled in Brazil. People aged 80 years and older are expected to be the fastest-growing segment in the near future. This aim of this study was to analyze the legal structures currently in place in Brazil and to provide a framework for care policies and practices towards older-adults. Methods: This article focuses on past and present major socioeconomic burdens on this segment of the Brazilian population as well as on public achievements to overcome inequities. Results: Both the public health and the social security systems have been directed to provide preferential assistance to the aged. Nonetheless, the elderly remain the most impoverished segment of Brazil and carry the burden of an overall lack of specialized services. Moreover, socioeconomic inequalities and population diversity in Brazil affects elderly care, adding complexity to this unique scenario. Conclusion: Brazil has adopted legal hallmarks that substantially shifted public practices towards the elderly segment from a philanthropic status to a legitimate right for care and assistance. The demographic transition that took place provides an opportunity for innovative solutions in public policies for older adults in a developing economic environment