4,028 research outputs found
Magnetotransport in wide parabolic PbTe quantum wells
The 3D- and 2D- behaviour of wide parabolic PbTe single quantum wells, which
consist of PbTe p-n-p-structures, are studied theoretically and experimentally.
A simple model combines the 2D- subband levels and the 3D-Landau levels in
order to calculate the density of states in a magnetic field perpendicular to
the 2D plane. It is shown that at a channel width of about 300nm on can expect
to observe 3D- and 2D-behaviour at the same time. Magnetotransport experiments
in selectively contacted Hall bar samples are performed at temperatures down to
T = 50 mK and at magnetic fields up to B = 17 T.Comment: postscript file including 2 figs, 4 pages, Paper presented at
EP2DS-XI, Nottingham 199
Plastid redox state and sugars: Interactive regulators of nuclear-encoded photosynthetic gene expression
Feedback regulation of photosynthesis by carbon metabolites has long been recognized, but the underlying cellular mechanisms that control this process remain unclear. By using an Arabidopsis cell culture, we show that a block in photosynthetic electron flux prevents the increase in transcript levels of chlorophyll a/b-binding protein and the small subunit of Rubisco that typically occurs when intracellular sugar levels are depleted. In contrast, the expression of the nitrate reductase gene, which is induced by sugars, is not affected. These findings were confirmed in planta by using Arabidopsis carrying the firefly luciferase reporter gene fused to the plastocyanin and chlorophyll a/b-binding protein 2 gene promoters. Transcription from both promoters increases on carbohydrate depletion. Blocking photosynthetic electron transport with 3-(3',4'-dichlorophenyl)-1,1'-dimethylurea prevents this increase in transcription. We conclude that plastid-derived redox signaling can override the sugar-regulated expression of nuclear-encoded photosynthetic genes. In the sugar-response mutant, sucrose uncoupled 6 (sun6), plastocyanin-firefly luciferase transcription actually increases in response to exogenous sucrose rather than decreasing as in the wild type. Interestingly, plastid-derived redox signals do not influence this defective pattern of sugar-regulated gene expression in the sun6 mutant. A model, which invokes a positive inducer originating from the photosynthetic electron transport chain, is proposed to explain the nature of the plastid-derived signal
Gauge invariant effective action for the Polyakov line in the SU(N) Yang--Mills theory at high temperatures
We integrate out fast varying quantum fluctuations around static A_4 and A_i
fields for the SU(N) gauge group. By assuming that the gluon fields are slowly
varying but allowing for an arbitrary amplitude of A_4 we obtain two variants
of the effective high-temperature theory for the Polyakov line. One is the
effective action for the gauge-invariant eigenvalues of the Polyakov line, and
it is explicitly Z(N) symmetric. The other is the effective action for the
Polyakov line itself as an element of the SU(N). In this case the theory
necessarily includes the spatial components A_i to ensure its gauge invariance
under spatial gauge transformations. We derive the 1-loop effective action in
the `electric' and `magnetic' sectors, summing up all powers of A_4.Comment: RevTex4, 2 figure
Comparison of analysis and experiment for gearbox noise
Low contact ratio spur gears were tested in the NASA gear-noise rig to study the noise radiated from the top of the gearbox. Experimental results were compared with a NASA acoustics code to validate the code for predicting transmission noise. The analytical code is based on the boundary element method (BEM) which models the gearbox top as a plate in an infinite baffle. Narrow band vibration spectra measured at 63 nodes on the gearbox top were used to produce input data for the BEM model. The BEM code predicted the total sound power based on the measured vibration. The measured sound power was obtained from an acoustic intensity scan taken near the surface of the gearbox at the same 63 nodes used for vibration measurement. Analytical and experimental results were compared at four different speeds for sound power at each of the narrow band frequencies over the range of 400 to 3200 Hz. Results are also compared for the sound power level at meshing frequency plus three sideband pairs and at selected gearbox resonant frequencies. The difference between predicted and measure sound power is typically less than 3 dB with the predicted value generally less than the measured value
Lehmann rotation of cholesteric droplets subjected to a temperature gradient: role of the concentration of chiral molecules
International audienceWe present a systematic study of the Lehmann rotation of cholesteric droplets subjected to a temperature gradient when the concentration of chiral molecules is changed. The liquid crystal chosen is an eutectic mixture of 8CB and 8OCB doped with a small amount of the chiral molecule R811. The angular velocity of the droplets strongly depend on their size and on the concentration of chiral molecules. The Lehmann coefficient is estimated by using three different methods. Our results are consistent with a Lehmann coefficient proportional to the concentration of chiral molecules. We additionally show the existence of a critical size of the droplets below which they change texture and stop rotating
Parallel Verification of Natural Deduction Proof Graphs
Graph-based interactive theorem provers offer a visual representation of
proofs, explicitly representing the dependencies and inferences between each of
the proof steps in a graph or hypergraph format. The number and complexity of
these dependency links can determine how long it takes to verify the validity
of the entire proof. Towards this end, we present a set of parallel algorithms
for the formal verification of graph-based natural-deduction (ND) style proofs.
We introduce a definition of layering that captures dependencies between the
proof steps (nodes). Nodes in each layer can then be verified in parallel as
long as prior layers have been verified. To evaluate the performance of our
algorithms on proof graphs, we propose a framework for finding the performance
bounds and patterns using directed acyclic network topologies (DANTs). This
framework allows us to create concrete instances of DANTs for empirical
evaluation of our algorithms. With this, we compare our set of parallel
algorithms against a serial implementation with two experiments: one scaling
both the problem size and the other scaling the number of threads. Our findings
show that parallelization results in improved verification performance for
certain DANT instances. We also show that our algorithms scale for certain DANT
instances with respect to the number of threads.Comment: In Proceedings LFMTP 2023, arXiv:2311.0991
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