Blood groups in bovines. II. Normally occurring isoantibodies in cattle blood

One type of normally occurring isoantibodies in cattle serum, which has not been described before and which corresponds perfectly with the immune anti-Y₂, has been demonstrated. A seasonal variation of normally occurring isoantibodies has been established. In all groups of animals, the highest titres were found to be present during the late summer and the lowest titres during the late winter. There appears to be no difference between sexes and among breeds in this seasonal variation, which is not influenced by feeding. A correlation of climatological factors and naturally occurring isoantibodies was made and it is believed that radiation and temperature may have an influence on the seasonal variation of normal antibodies. An experiment was carried out to exclude any form of light influence on six animals with normally occurring isoantibodies in their serum. In spite of this the seasonal variation in their antibody level was found to be similar to that in a control group exposed to light. It appears that of the climatic factors temperature has the most stimulating effect on the production of antibodies, but that a retardation of about two to three months takes place in the antibody producing systems. Any gradual change in temperature appears to be effective in bringing about an increase or decrease in the level of normally occurring isoantibodies. A corresponding variation of antibodies against Brucella abortus to that of normally occurring isoantibodies could be demonstrated.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 600dpi. Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format

Blood groups in bovines. I. Production of cattle iso-immune sera and blood group reagents

A short introduction is given to the field of bovine blood group research. Some of the immunological terms used in immuno-genetics are explained. The genetic aspects are briefly dealt with. The methods used for the production of iso-immune sera are described. An analysis is made of the different sources of genetical and environmental variation in antibody production, and from this it is concluded that it is impossible to give detailed directives for their production. The difficulties of testing sera under high temperature conditions are dealt with. It is concluded that these difficulties can be overcome in South Africa only by carrying out all blood group work in an air conditioned laboratory. The fractionation of different antisera is presented in Table No. 6. As a result of basic investigations in South Africa, three new types of antibodies have been isolated in Afrikaner cattle, which react with three so far unknown antigenic blood factors. Only a few test sera could not be produced. Through international cooperation between blood group laboratories and particularly through exchanges of test sera, the South African laboratory was able to start routine blood group determinations. for different practical purposes and genetical studies, in 1958.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 300dpi. Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format

Preliminary results on electrophoretic and immunoelectrophoretic fractionation of bovine muscle extract

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Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Genetic markers in the blood of animals : a historical review : information

In this review an attempt is made to list the most important events in the search for genetic markers in the blood of animals. In chronological order, blood groups, biochemical polymorphisms, lymphocyte antigens and DNA markers have been discovered and used in practice. Of all practical uses, parentage verification and exclusion are regarded as the most important, and it can be said with pride that the South African Stud Book is as infallible as any other stud book in the world

Research on animal blood groups and biochemical polymorphisms at Onderstepoort (1956-1990) : historical article

The introduction and wide use of artificial insemination in cattle in the 1950s led to a need for accurate parentage identification. Blood group determination by means of the newly emerging scientific discipline called immunogenetics provided the answer. A blood group laboratory was consequently established at Onderstepoort in 1956, initially concentrating on the production of blood typing reagents. Once established the technology was also applied to studies on a variety of problems in various animals as summarised in this paper. Investigations include zygosity in cattle twins, blood transfusion in domestic animals, breed relationships, genetic polymorphisms and the identification of useful genetic markers for production and disease parameters in breeding programmes

The stability of genetic markers as indicated in goats

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The adaptability of sedimentaler cattle in south and south west Africa with special reference to their claws

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