A stochastic hybrid algorithm for multi-depot and multi-product routing problem with heterogeneous vehicles

Abstract. A mathematical model and heuristic method for solving multi-depot and multi-product vehicle routing problem (MD-MPVRP) with heterogeneous vehicles have been proposed in this article. Customers can order eclectic products and depots are supposed to deliver customers' orders before the lead time, using vehicles with diverse capacities, costs and velocities. Hence, mathematical model of multi-depot vehicle routing problem has been developed to mirror these conditions. This model is aimed at minimizing the serving distances which culminates in a reduction in prices and also serving time. As the problem is so complex and also solving would be too time-taking, a heuristic method has been offered. The heuristic method, at first, generates an initial solution through a three-step procedure which encompasses grouping, routing and vehicle selection, scheduling and packaging. Then it improves the solution by means of simulated annealing. We have considered the efficiency of offered algorithm by comparing its solutions with the optimum solutions and also during a case study. [V. Mahdavi Asl, S.A. Sadeghi, MR. Ostadali Makhmalbaf. A stochastic hybrid algorithm for multi-depot and multi-product routing problem with heterogeneous vehicles

Hydatidosis of the Pelvic Cavity: A Big Masquerade

We report and discuss a case of primary hydatidosis of the pelvic cavity in a woman who presented with severe weight loss and abdominal pain. This unusual presentation was initially considered as a tumor process until surgical exploration and microscopic studies confirmed the diagnosis. The gynecologists should be aware of possibility of primary hydatid cyst of the pelvic cavity and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of cystic pelvic masses, especially in areas where the disease is endemic

Changing the General Factor of Personality and the c-fos Gene Expression with Methylphenidate and Self-Regulation Therapy

[EN] A deepening in the biological nature of the general factor of personality (GFP) is suggested: the activation level of the stress system is here represented by the gene expression of c-fos. The results of a single case experimental design are reported. A model of four coupled differential equations that explains the human personality dynamics as a consequence of a single stimulant drug intake has been fitted to psychological and biological experimental data. The stimulant-drug conditioning and its adaptation to the considered mathematical model is also studied for both kinds of measures. The dynamics of the cfos expression presents a similar pattern to the dynamics of the psychological measures of personality assessed by the GFP-FAS (Five-Adjective Scale of the General Factor of Personality) as a consequence of a single dose of stimulant drug (methylphenidate). The model predicts similar dynamic patterns for both psychological and biological measures. This study proves that describing mathematically the dynamics of the effects of a stimulant drug as well as the effects of a conditioning method on psychological or subjective variables and on gene expression is possible. It verifies the existence of biological mechanisms underlying the dynamics of the General Factor of Personality (GFP).[ES] Este artículo estudia la naturaleza dinámica del Factor General de Personalidad (FGP) en respuesta a una dosis única de metilfenidato a partir de un diseño experimental de caso único con replicación. Para medir el FGP, se emplean tanto medidas psicológicas (Escala de Cinco Adjetivos del Factor General de Personalidad; ECA-FGP), como un marcador biológico (propuesto como substrato biológico del FGP) que es la concentración del gen c-fos en los linfocitos de la sangre. También se estudia el condicionamiento de los efectos subjetivo y biológico del metilfenidato con una técnica de sugestión y condicionamiento, denominada terapia de auto-regulación. Por último, se propone un modelo matemático de cuatro ecuaciones diferenciales acopladas que explican la dinámica del FGP como consecuencia de una ingestión de droga estimulante y del condicionamiento de la droga, ajustadas a los datos experimentales psicológicos y biológicos. Los resultados muestran un patrón dinámico similar para ambas medidas psicológicas y biológicas del FGP en respuesta tanto a una dosis de metilfenidato como al condicionamiento con terapia de auto-regulación.Así, se evidencia que es posible la formulación matemática de la dinámica del FGP y sus correlatos biológicos, como el gen regulador c-fos, y su condicionamiento mediante la terapia de auto-regulación.Micó Ruiz, JC.; Amigó Borrás, S.; Caselles Moncho, A. (2012). Changing the General Factor of Personality and the c-fos Gene Expression with Methylphenidate and Self-Regulation Therapy. Spanish Journal of Psychology. 15(2):850-867. doi:10.5209/rev_SJOP.2012.v15.n2.38896S850867152Volkow, N. D., Wang, G.-J., Fowler, J. S., Logan, J., Gerasimov, M., Maynard, L., … Franceschi, D. (2001). Therapeutic Doses of Oral Methylphenidate Significantly Increase Extracellular Dopamine in the Human Brain. The Journal of Neuroscience, 21(2), RC121-RC121. doi:10.1523/jneurosci.21-02-j0001.2001Rushton, J. P., & Irwing, P. (2009). A General Factor of Personality (GFP) from the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire. Personality and Individual Differences, 47(6), 571-576. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2009.05.011Berke, J. D., Paletzki, R. F., Aronson, G. J., Hyman, S. E., & Gerfen, C. R. (1998). A Complex Program of Striatal Gene Expression Induced by Dopaminergic Stimulation. The Journal of Neuroscience, 18(14), 5301-5310. doi:10.1523/jneurosci.18-14-05301.1998Veselka, L., Schermer, J. A., Petrides, K. V., Cherkas, L. F., Spector, T. D., & Vernon, P. A. (2009). A General Factor of Personality: Evidence from the HEXACO Model and a Measure of Trait Emotional Intelligence. 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Self-Regulation Therapy to Reproduce Drug Effects: A Suggestion Technique to Change Personality and the DRD3 Gene Expression

This study proposes a strategy, based on self-regulation therapy, to change personality and its biological substrate, the DRD3 gene expression. It has been demonstrated that acute doses of stimulating drugs, like methylphenidate, are able to change personality and the expression of certain genes in the short term. On the other hand, self-regulation therapy has been proven to reproduce the effects of drugs. Thus, it is feasible to hope that self-regulation therapy is equally effective as methylphenidate in changing personality and the gene expression. This is a preliminary study with a single-case experimental design with replication in which 2 subjects participated. The results and potential implications for research and psychotherapy are discussed.Amigó Borrás, S.; Caselles Moncho, A.; Micó Ruiz, JC. (2013). Self-Regulation Therapy to Reproduce Drug Effects: A Suggestion Technique to Change Personality and the DRD3 Gene Expression. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis. 61(3):282-304. doi:10.1080/00207144.2013.784094S282304613Accili, D., Fishburn, C. S., Drago, J., Steiner, H., Lachowicz, J. E., Park, B. H., … Fuchs, S. (1996). A targeted mutation of the D3 dopamine receptor gene is associated with hyperactivity in mice. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 93(5), 1945-1949. doi:10.1073/pnas.93.5.1945Amigó, S., Caselles, A., & Micó, J. C. (2008). A dynamic extraversion model. The brain’s response to a single dose of a stimulant drug. British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology, 61(1), 211-231. doi:10.1348/000711007x185514Amigó, S., Caselles, A., & Micó, J. C. (2010). General Factor of Personality Questionnaire (GFPQ): Only one Factor to Understand Personality? The Spanish journal of psychology, 13(1), 5-17. doi:10.1017/s1138741600003644Barbanti, P., Bronzetti, E., Ricci, A., Cerbo, R., Fabbrini, G., Buzzi, M. G., … Lenzi, G. L. (1996). Increased density of dopamine D5 receptor in peripheral blood lymphocytes of migraineurs: a marker for migraine? Neuroscience Letters, 207(2), 73-76. doi:10.1016/0304-3940(96)12491-5Barbanti, P., Fabbrini, G., Ricci, A., Bruno, G., Cerbo, R., Bronzetti, E., … Luigi Lenzi, G. (2000). Reduced density of dopamine D2-like receptors on peripheral blood lymphocytes in Alzheimer’s disease. Mechanisms of Ageing and Development, 120(1-3), 65-75. doi:10.1016/s0047-6374(00)00183-4Barbanti, P., Fabbrini, G., Ricci, A., Pascali, M. P., Bronzetti, E., Amenta, F., … Cerbo, R. (2000). Migraine Patients Show an Increased Density of Dopamine D3 and D4 Receptors on Lymphocytes. Cephalalgia, 20(1), 15-19. doi:10.1046/j.1468-2982.2000.00001.xBarr, G. A., Sharpless, N. S., Cooper, S., Schiff, S. R., Paredes, W., & Bridger, W. H. (1983). Classical conditioning, decay and extinction of cocaine-induced hyperactivity and stereotypy. Life Sciences, 33(14), 1341-1351. doi:10.1016/0024-3205(83)90817-2Baumann, F. 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The Role of Electron Microscopy for the Diagnosis of Childhood Glomerular Diseases

Objective: Optimum diagnosis of glomerulopathies requires light microscopy, immunofluorescence and electron microcopy. In fact electron microscopy has a confirmatory role in glomerular diseases. It provides more information for patient management and can rule out other diseases. The goal of the present study is analysis the necessity of electron microscopy for the diagnosis of childhood glomerulopathies. Methods: 134 cases of renal biopsy with some clinical data retrospectively were reviewed. The contribution of electron microscopy to the final diagnosis was graded as necessary - diagnosis could not be reached without it, supportive - it increased the level of confidence in the final diagnosis and noncontributory - the diagnosis don't need electron microscopy for confirmation. Findings: The contribution of electron microscopy to the final diagnosis was necessary in 51 cases (38%), supportive in 40 cases (≈30%) and noncontributory in 43 cases (32%). Conclusion: In conclusion the results showed in about 68% of childhood glomerulopathies the ultrastructural study was necessary or supportive, so electron microscopy still remains an important tool in diagnosis of childhood glomerulopathies

The Role of Electron Microscopy for the Diagnosis of Childhood Glomerular Diseases

Objective: Optimum diagnosis of glomerulopathies requires light microscopy, immunofluorescence and electron microcopy. In fact electron microscopy has a confirmatory role in glomerular diseases. It provides more information for patient management and can rule out other diseases. The goal of the present study is analysis the necessity of electron microscopy for the diagnosis of childhood glomerulopathies. Methods: 134 cases of renal biopsy with some clinical data retrospectively were reviewed. The contribution of electron microscopy to the final diagnosis was graded as necessary - diagnosis could not be reached without it, supportive - it increased the level of confidence in the final diagnosis and noncontributory - the diagnosis don't need electron microscopy for confirmation. Findings: The contribution of electron microscopy to the final diagnosis was necessary in 51 cases (38%), supportive in 40 cases (≈30%) and noncontributory in 43 cases (32%). Conclusion: In conclusion the results showed in about 68% of childhood glomerulopathies the ultrastructural study was necessary or supportive, so electron microscopy still remains an important tool in diagnosis of childhood glomerulopathies

Uncommon Location of Idiopathic Granulomatous Mastitis: A Case Report

Background Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM) is a rare benign disease involving breast parenchyma mostly in periareolar region. Women of childbearing with recent history of pregnancy and lactation are more at risk of IGM. The common locations of IGM are retro areolar and periareolar of the breast, however involvement of axillary region has never been reported elsewhere.&#x0D; Case presentation A 36-year-old female with history of two times pregnancy and lactation 8 months prior to presentation, referred with pain and swelling in the right axillary area. The past medical history and habitual history were negative and she did not use oral contraceptives or other medications. Local physical examination showed normal breasts with bilateral accessory breasts. A tender mass with the size of 4x6cm was palpable in the right axillary region accompanied by erythema and a few secretory fistulas without lymphadenopathy. Routine blood test came back negative and serum prolactin was normal. Ultra-sonography (US) demonstrated a soft tissue swelling, edema, and decreased echogenicity area in the right axillary region compatible with IGM. The patient started on prednisolone 50 mg per day, and the condition has not been improved for two months. To exclude other possible etiologies due to atypical location, the patient underwent a second US and core-needle biopsy which confirmed the diagnosis of axillary IGM. Prednisolone tapered off and a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) started. All the symptoms improved in a month and fully resolved in 3 months.&#x0D; Conclusion Since IGM is not fully known yet, the presentation and the location can be variable. Considering IGM as a probable diagnosis in inflammatory presentation in the axillary region in patients with accessory breasts is suggested.</jats:p