6 research outputs found
Manual para la operación de subestaciones eléctricas con niveles de tensión 115 kV, 33 kV y 13,2 kV
En el presente trabajo se realiza una descripción de las configuraciones utilizadas para la construcción de subestaciones eléctricas sin importar los niveles de tensión, cuyo objetivo principal es la búsqueda de la seguridad y la confiabilidad, desde la generación hasta la distribución, de la energía eléctrica. Además, contiene definiciones y consignas operativas de tal forma que la realización de maniobras en algún caso dado, se hagan de manera oportuna y correcta, garantizando un óptimo desempeño del STR y SDL. Se realiza una descripción de los elementos auxiliares y la importancia que ellos tienen para el control, protección y medición en las subestaciones de energía. Se describen además los elementos activos de forma permanente que caracterizan de acuerdo a su disposición, una estructura determinada. De ahí parten algunas consignas rutinarias para la supervisión y el control de dichos elementos. Se detallan algunos eventos, considerados como cambios de estado, con sus respectivas alarmas y señalización, los cuales deben ser interpretados para la toma de decisiones o las acciones correctivas correspondientes. Y por último se establecen consignas operativas para llevar a cabo procedimientos lógicos en la maniobra de los equipos o instalaciones en general en una subestación eléctrica. Para estos procedimientos se realizaron diagramas de flujo con la ayuda de Inkscape, un editor gráfico gratuito para editar y crear diagramas, líneas, gráficos, logotipos e ilustraciones complejas
Effectiveness of silver dressings in preventing surgical site infection in contaminated wounds
RESUMEN: Existe controversia sobre la eficacia de los apósitos impregnados de plata en la prevención de la infección del sitio operatorio en heridas contaminadas. Objetivo: evaluar el efecto de los apósitos con plata en pacientes posquirúrgicos con heridas contaminadas en un hospital de III nivel. Métodos: estudio prospectivo, controlado, que comparó los apósitos con plata con las gasas en solución salina en pacientes posquirúrgicos con heridas contaminadas. Las heridas recibieron uno de dos tipos de tratamiento tópico: gasas en solución salina (GS) o apósitos con plata (GP). El efecto final para medir fue la aparición de infección del sitio operatorio (ISO) en los 30 días siguientes a la intervención quirúrgica. Resultados: se analizaron 65 pacientes. La incidencia de ISO fue del 14% (9/65) sin diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre ambos grupos (15,2% frente a 12,5%, p = 0,75). El análisis de regresión multivariado no mostró relación entre el tipo de apósito y la aparición de infección. Conclusión: los apósitos impregnados de plata son seguros y efectivos para la disminución de la ISO. Se requieren estudios adicionales para saber si su efecto es superior al de los apósitos tradicionales.Palabras clave: Infección de Herida Operatoria; Plata.ABSTRACT: Silver gauzes are designed to treat infected wounds, but there is controversial evidence about their effectiveness in preventing surgical site infections in contaminated wounds. Objective: To evaluate the effect of silver gauzes in patients undergoing surgery with contaminated wounds at a university-based tertiary referral center. Methods: This was a prospective, controlled trial comparing a silver gauze dressing with saline gauze dressings in patients undergoing abdominal surgeries with contaminated wounds. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either a silver gauze (SG) dressing or saline gauze dressings (SD). The primary end point was surgical site infection occurring within 30 days of surgery. Results: 65 patients were enrolled in the review. The incidence of surgical site infection was 14% (9/65). No differences were observed among groups (15.2% vs. 12.5%, p = 0.75). Multivariate analysis revealed no relationship between the type of dressing and surgical site infection. Conclusion: Silver gauzes are safe and effective in preventing surgical site infections in surgeries with contaminated wounds. Further trials are required to find out if they have advantages over standard dressings. Key words: Silver; Surgical Wound Infection
Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study
Summary
Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally.
Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies
have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of
the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income
countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality.
Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to
hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis,
exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a
minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical
status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary
intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause,
in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status.
We did a complete case analysis.
Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital
diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal
malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome
countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male.
Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3).
Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income
countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups).
Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome
countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries;
p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients
combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11],
p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20
[1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention
(ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety
checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed
(ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of
parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65
[0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality.
Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome,
middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will
be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger
than 5 years by 2030
Effectiveness of silver dressing in preventing surgical site infections in contaminated wounds = Efectividad de los apósitos de plata en la prevención de la infección del sitio operatorio en heridas contaminadas
Abstract
Introduction: Silver gauzes are designed to treat infected wounds, but there is controversial evidence about their effectiveness in preventing surgical site infections in contaminated wounds.
Objective: To evaluate the effect of silver gauzes in patients undergoing surgery with contaminated wounds at a university-based tertiary referral center.
Methods: This was a prospective, controlled trial comparing a silver gauze dressing with saline gauze dressings in patients undergoing abdominal surgeries with contaminated wounds.
Patients were randomly assigned to receive either silver gauze (SG) dressing or saline gauze dressings (SD). The primary end point was surgical site infection occurring within 30 days of surgery.
Results: 65 patients were enrolled in the review. The incidence of surgical site infection was 14% (9/65). No differences were observed among groups (15.2% vs. 12.5%, p = 0.75).
Multivariate analysis revealed no relationship between the type of dressing and surgical site infection.
Conclusion: Silver gauzes are safe and effective in preventing surgical site infections in surgeries with contaminated wounds. Further trials are required to find out if they have advantages over standard dressings
Research, Innovation and Extension to the service to society, in the framework of the Sixth Conference on Social Appropriation of Knowledge (SAK)
Annually, the Technological University of Pereira has been carrying out some events in
the line of Social Appropriation of Knowledge. This has been done through the research,
innovation, and extension Vice Rectory, moreover, these sessions are framed within the
institutional objective: “Define and direct the guidelines for the institutional research that
strengthen the research groups and the Seedbeds, through the formation of researchers,
the development of science, technology, and innovation projects or programs, as well
as the generation of networks and strategic partnerships that contribute to the creation
and appropriation of knowledge for the society”. Therefore, the 6th Social Appropriation
of Knowledge event took place under the title of “The research, Innovation, and
Extension at the service of society” which was constituted as an academic and
institutional opportunity where the results of the research projects from the last 5 years
were published.
The results of this event revealed, once again, the high academic level in investigation
development at the university. There were 11 articles divided into 6 fields: Health,
Engineering, Technology, Education, Industrial Technology, and Art, in which the results
obtained by the research projects from the investigation groups were shown, promoting
a knowledge exchange from their authors whose intellectual formation is diverse.
With this publication, as part of a permanent effort to socialize the knowledge, the
university promotes the circulation of its professors, students, and general community
voices, having in mind that knowledge must be transferred through different channels,
strengthening the academy and society in general, according to the institutional mission
that invites us to incentivize a research culture in the university community.Presentation........................................................................................................... 5
Chapter 1. Health
Teaching during the pandemic: what changes did professors implement?
Results of a survey in a Colombian medical program. ........................................... 9
Germán Alberto Moreno Gómez ,Rodolfo Adrián Cabrales Vega, Jairo Franco Londoño,
Samuel Eduardo Trujillo Henao, Víctor Manuel Patiño Suárez
Evaluation of the effectiveness of a rat, rabbit and human intestine
decellularization protocol...................................................................................... 19
Julio César Sánchez Naranjo, Laura Victoria Muñoz Rincón, Andrés Felipe Quiroz Ma zuera, Andrés Mauricio García Cuevas, Cristhian David Arroyave Durán, Fabián David
Giraldo Castaño, Álvaro Guerra Solarte, Juliana Buitrago Jaramillo
Exploration of the filtering functions of the intestine through a filtering loop
model: an experimental approach towards a feasible renal replacement.............. 31
Julio César Sánchez Naranjo, Laura Victoria Muñoz Rincón, Andrés Mauricio García
Cuevas, Álvaro Guerra Solarte y Juliana Buitrago Jaramillo
Chapter 2. Engineering
Identification of sociodemographic factors using multivariate analysis related
to the dropout of Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira undergraduate students.... 47
Nelcy N Atehortua-Sanchez, Paula Marcela Herrera, Julian D Echeverry Correa
Design and Construction of an HVDC-MMC Terminal on a Low Scale
to Interconnection of Windfarms to the Electrical Grid........................................ 61
Diego Alberto Montoya Acevedo, Andrés Escobar Mejía
Chapter 3. Technologies
Preliminary study of cytototoxic and bactericidal activities of nonpolar extracts
from seeds and peel of Persea americana cv Lorena ............................................ 85
Gloria Edith Guerrero Alvarez, Daniel Steven Fernández, Daniela Londoño Ramirez
Cytototoxic and bactericidal activities of nonpolar extracts from seeds and peel of
Persea americana cv Hass..................................................................................... 95
Gloria Edith Guerrero Alvarez, Gustavo Alfonso Cifuentes Colorado,
Paula Daniela Sandoval Mossos
Chapter 4. Education
Pedro Henríquez Ureña traveler and Cosmopolitan ........................................... 107
William Marín Osorio
Reading and writing in the training of our teachers: a commitment of all ......... 133
María Gladis Agudelo Gil, Gloria Inés Correa Aristizábal
Chapter 5. Industrial engineering
Tasks design to promote metacognitive regulation in discrete event
simulation ......................................................................................................... 151
María Elena Bernal Loaiza, Manuela Gómez Suta, Rosario Iodice
CONTENIDO
Chapter 6. Arts
The media feuilleton, between fiction and reality............................................... 169
Teresita Vásquez Ramíre
ENGIU: Encuentro Nacional de Grupos de Investigación de UNIMINUTO.
El desarrollo del prototipo para el sistema de detección de Mina Antipersona
(MAP), inicia desde el semillero ADSSOF perteneciente al programa de Administración en Seguridad y Salud en el trabajo de la UNIMINUTO, se realiza a partir de un
detector de metales que emite una señal audible, que el usuario puede interpretar
como aviso de presencia de un objeto metálico, en este caso una MAP. La señal
audible se interpreta como un dato, como ese dato no es perceptible a 5 metros de
distancia, se implementa el transmisor de Frecuencia Modulada FM por la facilidad
de modulación y la escogencia de frecuencia de transmisión de acuerdo con las
normas y resolución del Ministerio de Comunicaciones; de manera que esta sea la
plataforma base para enviar los datos obtenidos a una frecuencia establecida. La
idea es que el ser humano no explore zonas peligrosas y buscar la forma de crear
un sistema que permita eliminar ese riesgo, por otro lado, buscar la facilidad de uso
de elementos ya disponibles en el mercado