Comparative Study of Gas Ratio on Indium Nitride Thin Films Grown on Flexible Substrates Prepared by Reactive Sputtering Method

In this report, indium nitride thin fi lms were deposited on kapton polyimide flexible substrate by reactive radio frequency (RF) sputtering method using an indium target in a mixture of Ar and N2 gases. The InN thin films were deposited under different gas ratio, i.e 90:10, 80 20, 70 30 and 6040 of N2 Ar The crystalline structures, surface morphologies, elemental composition and electrical properties of the deposited films were characterized by X-ray diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy and hall effect The X-ray diffraction revealed wurtzite polycrystalline with hexagonal InN (002), (101), (102), (1 03) and (201) preferred growth orientation. The morphologies showed smooth and uniform surface of gas ratio at 6040 compare to others gas ratio. In overall, the characteristics of the InN thin films were effectively improved with combination the N2 Argas ration at 6040. The results showed that the gas ratio plays an important role in improving the properties of the InN thin films

eSurvia : a web-based survey tool using fuzzy conjoint analysis

In the era of modem technology today, everything can be accessed in just a few clicks away, given that there are internet connection and internet accessible device. Many researchers discover this to be an added advantage to their research fields and studies, since it allows survey data collection, distribution and creation without the limitation of spatial boundary. Doing survey is not a tiring and time consuming process anymore with the availability of many free/paid web-based survey website on the internet. One thing to consider is that most of the web-based survey websites out there provide automatic analysis using normal statistics and does not allow the extraction of response data from the survey. Hence, researchers who want to use fuzzy conjoint analysis have no other options but to conduct and analyze the survey manually, which is a very tedious process to begin with. In this chapter, we will discuss on the development of eSurvia, a web-based survey tool which has the capability of providing survey analysis using fuzzy conjoint analysis and its significanc

Effect of Films Thickness on the Surface and Structural Properties of InN Films Grown on Flexible Substrate

In this study, indium nitride (InN) thin films were grown on flexible substrate by radio fi·equency reactive sputtering technique. An indium target with purity of99.999% was used. Throughout this work, the RF power and the gas ratio of argon and nitrogen were maintained constant at 60 W and 40:60 (Ar : Nz), respectively. The depositions were carried out at temperature of 300 oc under various deposition thickness. As a result, InN films with various thickness, i.e., 300 nm. 500 nm and 700 nm were produced. Subsequently, the effects of the InN films thickness on th e structural properties and surface morphology were investigated. X-ray diffraction results reveal that wunzite InN thin film s were successfully deposited. It was found that InN tilm with thickness of 700 nm exhibits (I 0 I )-preferred orientation and strongest XRD difhaction peak compared to InN films with thickness of 300 nm and 500 nm. Field emi ss ion scanning electron microsco py and atomic force microscopy results show that all the InN thin films exhibit smooth and uniform surface morphology but the InN grain size increases with increasing film thickness. Howevct·. the root mean square surface roughness of the InN films shows little apparent variations as the film thickness in cr<:ascs. All the findings lead to conclude that the crystalline quality of InN thin films were effectively improved with increasing film thickness

Effects of Substrate Temperature on the Properties of Indium Nitride Thin Films Grown on Flexible Prepared by Reactive Sputtering Method

In this study, indium nitride (InN) thin films were deposited on kapton polymide flexible substrate by reactive radio frequency (RF) sputtering method using indium target in a mixture of Ar and N2 gases. The InN thin films were deposited under different substrate temperatures, i.e., 1 00°C and 200°C. The effects of substrate temperature on structural, surface morphologies and optical properties of InN thin films were systematically investigated by using X-ray diffraction technique, field emission scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

Ethyl 4-(tert-butyl­amino)-3-nitro­benzoate

In the title compound, C13H18N2O4, intra­molecular N—H⋯O, N—H⋯N and C—H⋯O (× 3) hydrogen bonds generate S(6) and S(5) ring motifs. There are two crystallographically independent mol­ecules (A and B) in the asymmetric unit. The nitro group is coplanar with the benzene ring, with O—N—C—C torsion angles of −0.33 (13) and 0.93 (14)° in mol­ecules A and B, respectively. In the crystal structure, neighbouring mol­ecules are linked together by inter­molecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. In addition, the crystal structure is stabilized by π–π inter­actions with centroid–centroid distances ranging from 3.7853 (6) to 3.8625 (6) Å

Quality of life satisfaction among converted Kelantan Chinese Muslims

This article investigates the quality of life of the Kelantan Chinese Muslim community before and after conversion to Islam, focusing on their level of satisfaction in term of economic aspect. This research was carried out using the sequential explanatory mixed method design involving 75 respondents selected for quantitative and five respondents for qualitative. The sampling method adopted was convenience and snowball samplings. The research data was collected using questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. The results revealed that respondents were moderately satisfied before conversion and satisfied after conversion. Besides that, there is no significant difference of quality of life before and after conversion to Islam (F = 0.868, p = 0.355) and it was not influenced by the period of conversion to Islam (F = 0.832, p = 0.589). This analysis indicates numerous respondents are still moderately satisfied in their quality of life even though the average data shows they are satisfied after conversion

Resilience and well-being among orphans in Malaysia: a multidimensional perspective

This study investigates the well-being of orphans in Malaysia, focusing on their social, religious, and psychological dimensions. Drawing upon existing literature, the research explores the unique challenges faced by orphans, emphasising the need for resilience in the face of adversity. The study employs quantitative methods, using structured questionnaires to assess the well-being of eight female orphans aged 7 to 9 years and a 24-year-old caregiver at PJHKS, an orphanage in Kuantan, Pahang. The questionnaires cover aspects of demographic, social, religious, and psychological well-being. Statistical analysis reveals robust social well-being among the orphans, with an average score of 73%, and a strong adherence to religious practices. However, their psychological well-being reports a moderate average of 64%, indicating emotional and mental challenges. The study finds that the orphans exhibit positive social skills and attitudes, and their religious well-being is significantly shaped by the caregivers' dedication to Islamic teachings. However, psychological challenges persist, necessitating further support and intervention. The research emphasizes the crucial role of comprehensive care in enhancing the overall well-being of orphans and calls for more targeted efforts to address their diverse needs. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of orphan well-being in Malaysia and offer insights for policy and practice in orphan care

Unemployment issues and problems in Kinta, Manjung and Kuala Kangsar, Perak, Malaysia

Unemployment is one of the macroeconomic problems that signal the inefficient use of capital resource in the market. The research on unemployment in the Districts of Kinta, Manjung and Kuala Kangsar in Perak aims to identify the issues and problems related to the unemployment. A survey on 203 of respondents conducted randomly was to assess the current socio-economic condition of unemployment. Issues identified such as mismatched in location of work and availability of workers and increase of foreign worker in the local labor market. Hence, several recommendations proposed to overcome the issues of unemployment in the study

eSurvia: a web-based survey service using fuzzy conjoint analysis

Fuzzy conjoint analysis has been employs in many studies which involving the use of Likert-scale to represent linguistic terms. It is believed that the fuzzification of this Likert-scale is more representing the vagueness content on human subjectivity in giving judgment. In this paper, we present our works in developing a web-based survey that provides service for analyzing the survey data using fuzzy conjoint analysis. We argued that this web-based survey will ease the distribution of the survey and the automatic data analysis provided will ease the survey owner in getting the meaningful result from the survey