Impact of health system challenges on prostate cancer control: health care experiences in Nigeria

Prostate cancer is the second most frequently diagnosed cancer of men (913 000 new cases, 13.8% of the total) and the fifth most common cancer overall. Prostate cancer is the sixth leading cause of death from cancer in men (6.1% of the total)

Serum testosterone levels of HbSS (sickle cell disease) male subjects in Lagos, Nigeria

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Infertility is a major problem in sickle cell disease patients, especially in males. In addition to low serum testosterone, other abnormalities involving the accessory sex organs, such as the seminal vesicles and the prostate gland, as well as marked decrease in ejaculate volume may be observed in male HbSS patients. Hence, the need to study the role of sex hormones as a cause of infertility in male HbSS patients.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>An unmatched case-control study was performed using seventy-five consenting subjects from Lagos University Teaching Hospital. These included 47 patients with haemoglobin phenotype SS from the Sickle cell clinic and 28 volunteered medical students and members of staff with haemoglobin phenotype AA. Demographic data were obtained using a self-administered questionnaire. A total of 5 mls of blood was collected from each subject between 9.00 am & 11.am, and assayed for serum testosterone concentration.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The concentrations of serum testosterone in HbSS patients ranged from 0.2 to 4.3 ng/ml with a mean of 1.28 ± 0.72 ng/ml whilst the values in HbAA controls ranged from 1.2 to 6.9 ng/ml with a mean of 2.63 ± 1.04 ng/ml. Seven (25.0%) of the 28 controls had serum testosterone concentration lower than the quoted reference (normal) range whereas 44 (93.6%) of the 47 HbSS subjects had serum testosterone concentration lower than the reference range.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Overall, subjects with HbSS have significantly lower mean serum testosterone than HbAA controls.</p

Review of prostate cancer research in Nigeria

Prostate cancer (CaP) disparities in the black man calls for concerted research efforts. This review explores the trend and focus of CaP research activities in Nigeria, one of the ancestral nations for black men. It seeks to locate the place of the Nigerian research environment in the global progress on CaP disparities. Literature was reviewed mainly through a Pubmed search with the terms “prostate cancer”and “Nigeria”, as well as from internet and hard copies of journal pages

Prostate cancer disparities in Black men of African descent: a comparative literature review of prostate cancer burden among Black men in the United States, Caribbean, United Kingdom, and West Africa

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>African American men have the highest prostate cancer morbidity and mortality rates than any other racial or ethnic group in the US. Although the overall incidence of and mortality from prostate cancer has been declining in White men since 1991, the decline in African American men lags behind White men. Of particular concern is the growing literature on the disproportionate burden of prostate cancer among other Black men of West African ancestry in the Caribbean Islands, United Kingdom and West Africa. This higher incidence of prostate cancer observed in populations of African descent may be attributed to the fact that these populations share ancestral genetic factors. To better understand the burden of prostate cancer among men of West African Ancestry, we conducted a review of the literature on prostate cancer incidence, prevalence, and mortality in the countries connected by the Transatlantic Slave Trade.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Several published studies indicate high prostate cancer burden in Nigeria and Ghana. There was no published literature for the countries Benin, Gambia and Senegal that met our review criteria. Prostate cancer morbidity and/or mortality data from the Caribbean Islands and the United Kingdom also provided comparable or worse prostate cancer burden to that of US Blacks.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The growing literature on the disproportionate burden of prostate cancer among other Black men of West African ancestry follows the path of the Transatlantic Slave Trade. To better understand and address the global prostate cancer disparities seen in Black men of West African ancestry, future studies should explore the genetic and environmental risk factors for prostate cancer among this group.</p

An Estimate of the Incidence of Prostate Cancer in Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Prostate cancer (PCa) is rated the second most common cancer and sixth leading cause of cancer deaths among men globally. Reports show that African men suffer disproportionately from PCa compared to men from other parts of the world. It is still quite difficult to accurately describe the burden of PCa in Africa due to poor cancer registration systems.We systematically reviewed the literature on prostate cancer in Africa and provided a continentwide incidence rate of PCa based on available data in the regio

PREVALENCE OF HYPOSPADIAS, ABDOMINAL AND PENO-SCROTAL ABNORMALITIES AMONG PRIMARY SCHOOL BOYS IN A NIGERIAN COMMUNITY

Objectives To determine the prevalence of hypospadias, patent processus vaginalis, umbilical hernia, splenomegaly and cryptorchidism in primary school boys of a Nigerian community. Patients and Methods A community-based observational study using the cluster-sampling method was done. One thousand and ninety-six primary school boys aged between 5 and 13 years from five randomly selected schools in the administrative district of the Ogbaru Local Government Area (LGA) of Eastern Nigeria participated in this study, while in only 1080 boys some specific information on umbilical hernia was available. Each participant underwent a general, abdominal, groin and peno-scrotal physical examination. Results The prevalence of hypospadias was 1.1% and this was equivalent to the incidence. The prevalence of a patent processus vaginalis was 1.0% with an estimated incidence of 1.3%. Cryptorchidism was present in 0.8% and retractile testis in 3.2%. The prevalence of umbilical hernia was 26% and the splenomegaly rate was 7%. Conclusion The incidence and prevalence of simple hypospadias was higher than previously suggested by a tertiary hospital-based report from Western Nigeria. Umbilical hernia was very common but apparently only few patients needed treatment. The incidence of a patent processus vaginalis was similar to that reported in other parts of the world, although surgical correction was delayed. Splenomegaly was common, not only due to endemic malaria, but also due to sickle-cell disease, with implications for the management of childhood trauma in this part of the world. Prévalence de l'Hypospadias et des Anomalies Abdominales et Péno-Scrotales parmi des Garçons d'Ecole Primaire dans une Communauté Nigérienne Objectifs: Déterminer la prévalence des hypospadias, des processus vaginalis patents, des hernies ombilicales, des splénomégalies et des cryptorchidies dans une communauté Nigérienne. Patients et Méthodes : Une étude utilisant la méthode de cluster-sampling (faisceau-prélèvement) a été réalisée. Mille et quatre-vingt-seize garçons d'école primaire âgés de 5 à 13 ans de cinq écoles aléatoirement choisies dans le secteur administratif de la région de gouvernerat d'Ogbaru (LGA) du Nigéria oriental ont participé à cette étude. Chaque participant a subi un examen physique général, abdominal, du pli de l'aine et péno-scrotal. Résultats: La prévalence des hypospadias était de1.1% et elle était équivalente à l'incidence. La prévalence des processus vaginalis patents était de 1.0% avec une incidence estimée de 1.3%. La cryptorchidie était présente chez 0.8% des cas et un testicule rétractile dans 3.2%. La prévalence de l'hernie ombilicale était de 26% et le taux de splénomégalie était de 7%. Conclusion: L'incidence et la prévalence des hypospadias simples étaient plus élevées que précédemment suggérées par le rapport d'un hôpital de santé de base du Nigéria occidental. L'hernie ombilicale était très commune mais seulement peu de cas nécessitent un traitement. L'incidence des processus vaginalis patents était semblable à celui rapportée dans d'autres régions du monde, bien que la correction chirurgicale ait été retardée. La splénomégalie était un terrain commun, non seulement de part la malaria endémique, mais également en raison de l'anémie falciforme, avec des implications pour la gestion des traumatismes chez les enfants dans la présente partie du monde. (Af J Urology: 2003 9(2): 59-64