Atopic Dermatitis: From Physiopathology to the Clinics

Atopic dermatitis is a chronic, pruritic, relapsing inflammatory disease with a complex etiopathogenesis. Alterations of the epidermal barrier function together with a predominantly type 2 altered immune response are responsible for the heterogeneous clinical manifestation. Although pruritic eczematous plaques represent the most frequent phenotype, several others are also characteristic. The diagnostic of the disease relies on clinical aspects, and no complimentary tests are needed. In the literature, we can find a significant number of diagnostic and screening biomarkers; however, severity ones are the most reliable and applicable. Patient-tailored treatment is mandatory, as not all the patients equally respond to the same drugs. The newly released therapies, as well as those under investigation, give hope to AD patients

Estudio de prefactibilidad de alternativa renovable

Implementar un proyecto a nivel local que busque en primera medida la transformación de energía solar en energía eléctrica productiva por medio de la instalación de paneles solares buscando así la aplicación y el uso de energías renovables que permitan no solo aumentar la productividad si no también ser una solución amigable con el medio ambiente. Para su estudio, implementación y aplicación se tiene un periodo estimado de 6 meses en donde se evaluará cada una de las etapas anteriormente nombradas a fin de cumplir exitosamente con el proyectoEl siguiente estudio se realiza en base a la necesidad que tienen diversos sectores económicos del municipio de Neiva y el departamento del Huila en general, en donde se han visto afectados el agotamiento de los recursos tanto naturales, como económicos, así como la falta de conocimiento por parte de los empresarios a fin de buscar una alternativa más renovable y económica para el debido uso del recurso eléctrico, que permita no solo ser una solución a sus gastos económicos si no también aumentar la competitividad empresarial desde una mejora nueva y consiguiendo innovar a todo lo relacionado con la aplicación de energías limpias en la ciudad. De esta forma se realizan diversos estudios a diferentes empresas de si optarían o no por utilizar este método como alternativa y mejora a sus procesos, productos o servicios y a su vez, ver reflejado la viabilidad del mismo en un mediano plazo el cual permita impulsar no solo a la ciudad, si no al departamento como tal, a la aplicación de alternativas renovables, amigables con el planeta y a proponer de manera clara, un avance tecnológico y los beneficios acumulables que este implica para la región

Estudio de prefactibilidad de alternativa renovable

Implementar un proyecto a nivel local que busque en primera medida la transformación de energía solar en energía eléctrica productiva por medio de la instalación de paneles solares buscando así la aplicación y el uso de energías renovables que permitan no solo aumentar la productividad si no también ser una solución amigable con el medio ambiente. Para su estudio, implementación y aplicación se tiene un periodo estimado de 6 meses en donde se evaluará cada una de las etapas anteriormente nombradas a fin de cumplir exitosamente con el proyectoEl siguiente estudio se realiza en base a la necesidad que tienen diversos sectores económicos del municipio de Neiva y el departamento del Huila en general, en donde se han visto afectados el agotamiento de los recursos tanto naturales, como económicos, así como la falta de conocimiento por parte de los empresarios a fin de buscar una alternativa más renovable y económica para el debido uso del recurso eléctrico, que permita no solo ser una solución a sus gastos económicos si no también aumentar la competitividad empresarial desde una mejora nueva y consiguiendo innovar a todo lo relacionado con la aplicación de energías limpias en la ciudad. De esta forma se realizan diversos estudios a diferentes empresas de si optarían o no por utilizar este método como alternativa y mejora a sus procesos, productos o servicios y a su vez, ver reflejado la viabilidad del mismo en un mediano plazo el cual permita impulsar no solo a la ciudad, si no al departamento como tal, a la aplicación de alternativas renovables, amigables con el planeta y a proponer de manera clara, un avance tecnológico y los beneficios acumulables que este implica para la región

The Allergenic Structure of the Thaumatinlike Protein Ole e 13 Is Degraded by Processing of Raw Olive Fruits

Background: The thaumatin-like protein (TLP) Ole e 13 in raw olive fruit is responsible for occupational allergy in olive oil mill workers. However,these workers do not experience allergic symptoms after ingestion of edible olive.Objectives: To analyze the presence of IgE-reactive TLP in raw and edible olive fruit and to assess the allergenic potency of both sources.Methods: The content of TLP in raw and edible olive fruit protein extracts was analyzed using immunoblotting with sera from allergic patients and with olive TLP–specific IgG. The structural and immunological stability of TLP were assayed using immunoblotting after treatment of both raw olive and purified TLP with 0.25 M NaOH solution for 24 hours. Olive pollen extract was investigated by immunoblotting for TLP content. Results: The TLP contained in raw olive fruit was not present in edible olives as a result of maceration before human consumption. No TLP was detected in olive pollen using specific IgG or sera from patients allergic to olive fruit. Sera from patients allergic to olive pollen did not react with purified TLP. Conclusions: IgE-reactive TLP is not present in edible olive, thus explaining the low number of patients allergic to this highly consumed fruit. Patients allergic to olive pollen are not sensitized to TLP and, therefore, not expected to be at risk of food allergy to olive fruit or TLP plant source

Twist and Glide Symmetries for Helix Antenna Design and Miniaturization

Here we propose the use of twist and glide symmetries to increase the equivalent refractive index in a helical guiding structure. Twist- and glide-symmetrical distributions are created with corrugations placed at both sides of a helical strip. Combined twist-and glide-symmetrical helical unit cells are studied in terms of their constituent parameters. The increase of the propagation constant is mainly controlled by the length of the corrugations. In our proposed helix antenna, twist and glide symmetry cells are used to reduce significantly the operational frequency compared with conventional helix antenna. Equivalently, for a given frequency of operation, the dimensions of helix are reduced with the use of higher symmetries. The theoretical results obtained for our proposed helical structure based on higher symmetries show a reduction of 42.2% in the antenna size maintaining a similar antenna performance when compared to conventional helix antennas.This research was funded by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades with European Union FEDER funds, grant number TIN2016-75097-P, and by Universidad de Granada, under the project PPJI2017.15. Also, this work has been partially supported by the Universidad de Granada through the grant program “Becas de iniciación a la investigación” from Plan Propio de Investigación

IgE-Mediated Multimorbidities in Allergic Asthma and the Potential for Omalizumab Therapy

Allergic asthma often coexists with different pathological conditions, called multimorbidities, that are mostly of allergic nature and share a common underlying inflammatory pathophysiological mechanism. Multimorbidities of allergic asthma may influence asthma control, its severity, and patients' response to treatment, and contribute to the overall socioeconomic burden of the disease. Immunoglobulin E (IgE) is known to play a central role in the pathogenesis of various allergic diseases, including asthma. Thus, IgE-mediated immunologic pathways present an attractive target for intervention in asthma and multimorbidities. In this review, we discuss the most frequently reported IgE-mediated multimorbidities in allergic asthma, including allergic rhinitis, rhinoconjunctivitis, atopic dermatitis, vernal keratoconjunctivitis, chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, food allergies, and allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. Omalizumab is a recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody against IgE and has been in use to treat allergic asthma for more than a decade. We comprehensively review the clinical evidence for omalizumab in the treatment of the aforementioned multimorbidities in allergic asthma

Regulatory T cells and immunoglobulin E: A new therapeutic link for autoimmunity?

Autoimmune diseases have a prevalence of approximately 7 to 9% and are classified as either organ-specific diseases, including type I diabetes, multiple sclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease and myasthenia gravis, or systemic diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis and Sjögren's syndrome. While many advancements have been made in understanding of the mechanisms of autoimmune disease, including the nature of self-tolerance and its breakdown, there remain unmet needs in terms of effective and highly targeted treatments. T regulatory cells (Tregs) are key mediators of peripheral tolerance and are implicated in many autoimmune diseases, either as a result of reduced numbers or altered function. Tregs may be broadly divided into those generated in the thymus (tTregs) and those generated in the periphery (pTregs). Tregs target many different immune cell subsets and tissues to suppress excessive inflammation and to support tissue repair and homeostasis: there is a fine balance between Treg cell stability and the plasticity that is required to adjust Tregs' regulatory purposes to particular immune responses. The central role of immunoglobulin E (IgE) in allergic disease is well recognized, and it is becoming increasingly apparent that this immunoglobulin also has a wider role encompassing other diseases including autoimmune disease. Anti-IgE treatment restores the capacity of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) impaired by IgE- high-affinity IgE receptor (FcεR1) cross-linking to induce Tregs in vitro in atopic patients. The finding that antiIgE therapy restores Treg cell homeostasis, and that this mechanism is associated with clinical improvement in asthma and chronic spontaneous urticaria suggests that antiIgE therapy may also have a potential role in the treatment of autoimmune diseases in which Tregs are involved

Cannabinoids induce functional Tregs by promoting tolerogenic DCs via autophagy and metabolic reprograming

The generation of functional regulatory T cells (Tregs) is essential to keep tissue homeostasis and restore healthy immune responses in many biological and inflammatory contexts. Cannabinoids have been pointed out as potential therapeutic tools for several diseases. Dendritic cells (DCs) express the endocannabinoid system, including the cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2. However, how cannabinoids might regulate functional properties of DCs is not completely understood. We uncover that the triggering of cannabinoid receptors promote human tolerogenic DCs that are able to prime functional FOXP3+ Tregs in the context of different inflammatory diseases. Mechanistically, cannabinoids imprint tolerogenicity in human DCs by inhibiting NF-κB, MAPK and mTOR signalling pathways while inducing AMPK and functional autophagy flux via CB1- and PPARα-mediated activation, which drives metabolic rewiring towards increased mitochondrial activity and oxidative phosphorylation. Cannabinoids exhibit in vivo protective and anti-inflammatory effects in LPS-induced sepsis and also promote the generation of FOXP3+ Tregs. In addition, immediate anaphylactic reactions are decreased in peanut allergic mice and the generation of allergen-specific FOXP3+ Tregs are promoted, demonstrating that these immunomodulatory effects take place in both type 1- and type 2-mediated inflammatory diseases. Our findings might open new avenues for novel cannabinoid-based interventions in different inflammatory and immune-mediated diseases