24 research outputs found

    Estudios 贸pticos y fotoac煤sticos en materiales con transiciones orden - desorden

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    Se pueden preparar materiales 贸pticamente no lineales dopando un pol铆mero amorfo con colorantes de gran hiperpolarizabilidad molecular y quitando su centro de simetr铆a por polarizaci贸n de la muestra con un campo el茅ctrico intenso. La obtenci贸n de estructuras estables durante prolongados per铆odos de tiempo es esencial para la aplicaci贸n de estos materiales a dispositivos 贸pticos reales. El estudio de la relajaci贸n orientacional de esos materiales es 煤til para chequear su estabilidad. Adem谩s, el estudio de los mecanismos de relajaci贸n del crom贸foro en el material brinda informaci贸n detallada acerca de la conformaci贸n local del pol铆mero y de la din谩mica del v铆nculo entre la cadena polim猫rica y la mol茅cula de colorante. Aunque la din谩mica de la orientaci贸n y relajaci贸n del colorante en la matriz ha sido objeto de muchos estudios, las t茅cnicas experimentales usadas para tal fin han sido escasas. El m茅todo m谩s usado para la medici贸n del grado de orientaci贸n es la Generaci贸n de Segunda Arm贸nica (GSA) con l谩seres pulsados. Esta t茅cnica da una precisa descripci贸n de la din谩mica rotacional de pel铆culas 贸pticamente no lineales pero su instrumentaci贸n es complicada y costosa. En esta Tesis se muestra como el uso de medidas de transmisi贸n 贸ptica permite seguir el dicroismo inducido en pel铆culas de metacrilato dopadas y polarizadas por efecto corona. La polarizaci贸n del material puede ser realizada a temperatura ambiente; polarizando a alta temperatura, cercana a la temperatura de transici贸n vitrea, se logran algunas ventajas para pol铆meros. Es posible as铆 un incremento en la movilidad de rotaci贸n de la mol茅cula hu茅sped y puede ser obtenida una fuerte orientaci贸n. En este campo y otros de alto inter茅s tecnol贸gico es 煤til una f谩cil determinaci贸n de la temperatura de transici贸n vitrea o de reblandecimiento. En esta tesis se muestra como, las anomal铆as en las propiedades termopl谩sticas de un s贸lido amorfo pueden ser detectadas a tiempo real, monitoreando la se帽al fotoac霉stica inducida por L谩ser en el mismo, mientras se lo somete a temperaturas por encima de la transici贸n vitrea. Se puede establecer as铆 la zona de temperaturas en la cual ocurre la misma. Esta t茅cnica tambi茅n fue implementada para la detecci贸n de transiciones de fase amorfo - cristalino en s贸lidos amorfos met谩licos de aleaciones de Mg-Zn, pudiendo en estos casos ver como, variando la velocidad de calentamiento, se puede determinar la energ铆a de activaci贸n de la transici贸n.Doctor en F铆sic

    Estudios 贸pticos y fotoac煤sticos en materiales con transiciones orden-desorden

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    Se pueden preparar materiales 贸pticamente no lineales dopando un pol铆mero amorfo con colorantes de gran hiperpolarizabilidad molecular y quitando su centro de simetr铆a por polarizaci贸n de la muestra con un campo el茅ctrico intenso. La obtenci贸n de estructuras estables durante prolongados per铆odos de tiempo es esencial para la aplicaci贸n de estos materiales a dispositivos 贸pticos reales. El estudio de la relajaci贸n orientacional de esos materiales es 煤til para chequear su estabilidad. Adem谩s, el estudio de los mecanismos de relajaci贸n del crom贸foro en el material brinda informaci贸n detallada acerca de la conformaci贸n local del pol铆mero y de la din谩mica del v铆nculo entre la cadena polim茅rica y la mol茅cula de colorante. Aunque la din谩mica de la orientaci贸n y relajaci贸n del colorante en la matriz ha sido objeto de muchos estudios, las t茅cnicas experimentales usadas para tal fin han sido escasas. El m茅todo m谩s usado para la medici贸n del grado de orientaci贸n es la Generaci贸n de Segunda Arm贸nica (GSA) con l谩seres pulsados. Esta t茅cnica da una precisa descripci贸n de la din谩mica rotacional de pel铆culas 贸pticamente no lineales pero su instrumentaci贸n es complicada y costosa. En esta Tesis se muestra como el uso de medidas de transmisi贸n 贸ptica permite seguir el dicroismo inducido en pel铆culas de metacrilato dopadas y polarizadas por efecto corona. La polarizaci贸n del material puede ser realizada a temperatura ambiente; polarizando a alta temperatura, cercana a la temperatura de transici贸n vitrea, se logran algunas ventajas para pol铆meros. Es posible as铆 un incremento en la movilidad de rotaci贸n de la mol茅cula hu茅sped y puede ser obtenida una fuerte orientaci贸n. En este campo y otros de alto inter茅s tecnol贸gico es 煤til una f谩cil determinaci贸n de la temperatura de transici贸n vitrea o de reblandecimiento. En esta tesis se muestra como, las anomal铆as en las propiedades termopl谩sticas de un s贸lido amorfo pueden ser detectadas a tiempo real, monitoreando la se帽al fotoac煤stica inducida por L谩ser en el mismo, mientras se lo somete a temperaturas por encima de la transici贸n vitrea. Se puede establecer as铆 la zona de temperaturas en la cual ocurre la misma. Esta t茅cnica tambi茅n fue implementada para la detecci贸n de transiciones de fase amorfo - cristalino en s贸lidos amorfos met谩licos de aleaciones de Mg-Zn, pudiendo en estos casos ver como, variando la velocidad de calentamiento, se puede determinar la energ铆a de activaci贸n de la transici贸n.Facultad de Ciencias Exacta

    Relajaci贸n de mol茅culas de colorantes orientadas por campo el茅ctrico en pel铆culas acr铆licas

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    Se determin贸 la evoluci贸n temporal de la absorbancia de pel铆culas acr铆licas dopadas con el colorante Disperse Red 1 y orientadas bajo un campo el茅ctrico intenso con el fin de analizar el proceso de relajaci贸n espacial. Los resultados se ajustaron con el modelo de Kohlrausch-Williams-Watts y con una funci贸n biexponencial. Se presentan adem谩s resultados de generaci贸n de segunda arm贸nica como prueba de la orientaci贸n y ruptura de la centrosimetr铆a del medio.Measurements of optical absorbance was used to study the relaxation of acrylic films doped with a dye and poled by electric field. Results were adjusted by the model of Kohlrausch-Williams-Watts and a biexponencial funtion. Second harmonic generation was presented as a test of orientation and the lack of symmetry of the poled film.Centro de Investigaciones 脫ptica

    Dirt reference standard for surface cleanliness measurements

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    Thin films based on polymer poly(isobutyl methacrylate) (PIBMA), doped with carbon black particles deposited on steel plate substrates are proposed as dirt reference standards for cleanliness accreditation methods, particularly for instruments based on laser ablation. The films were made with the spin-coating method, obtaining layers with thickness between 4 and 17聽渭m. Carbon black particles with sizes smaller than 100聽nm and concentrations between 1 and 27.6聽mgr/cm鲁 were used. Characterization of the films was made by using absorbance measurements and laser ablation-induced photoacoustic.Facultad de Ingenier铆aCentro de Investigaciones 脫ptica

    A real time method for surface cleanliness measurement

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    The measurement of surface cleanliness is a signifi cant problem in many industrial and technological processes. Existing methods are based on laboratory procedures, that are not performed in real time, can not be automated, and usually are restricted to a small portion of the sample. In this study we describe a new method for real time measurement of the amount of surface dirt or contamination deposited on a surface. It relies on the ablation of the surface dirt film by means of a short laser pulse, and the subsequent measurement of the emitted sound. The intensity of the sound is proportional to the amount of surface dirt and provides a direct measurement of the cleanli ness of the surface. We also developed a reference sample for calibration, based on a uniform distribution of dots printed on white paper. The density and the dot size can be easily modified providing a homogeneous, uniform and reproducible standard for the measurement. Based on this method, we designed, de veloped and patented the first industrial instrument for on line determination of the degree of cleanliness of manufactured cold rolled steel plate bobbins.Facultad de Ciencias Exacta

    A real time method for surface cleanliness measurement

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    The measurement of surface cleanliness is a signifi cant problem in many industrial and technological processes. Existing methods are based on laboratory procedures, that are not performed in real time, can not be automated, and usually are restricted to a small portion of the sample. In this study we describe a new method for real time measurement of the amount of surface dirt or contamination deposited on a surface. It relies on the ablation of the surface dirt film by means of a short laser pulse, and the subsequent measurement of the emitted sound. The intensity of the sound is proportional to the amount of surface dirt and provides a direct measurement of the cleanli ness of the surface. We also developed a reference sample for calibration, based on a uniform distribution of dots printed on white paper. The density and the dot size can be easily modified providing a homogeneous, uniform and reproducible standard for the measurement. Based on this method, we designed, de veloped and patented the first industrial instrument for on line determination of the degree of cleanliness of manufactured cold rolled steel plate bobbins.Facultad de Ciencias Exacta

    Photoacoustic characterization of phase transitions in amorphous metal alloys

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    In this work a pulsed laser photoacoustic technique is employed in amorphous alloys for the characterization of crystallization temperatures and the determination of the activation energies for the transitions. It is shown that the changes produced in the photoacoustic signal generated by low energy laser pulses (< 200 渭J), is a sensitive probe for detecting the crystallization of a metallic amorphous sample. A piezoelectric transducer attached to the sample by means of a glass substrate was used for the acoustic detection. The developed technique has the advantages of requiring a minimum amount of sample, with no special sample preparation or conditioning. In order to demonstrate the validity of the technique, it was applied to the study of the crystallization processes of the amorphous Mg-Zn alloy, comparing the result with respect to resistivity measurements.Facultad de Ciencias Exacta

    Photoacoustic characterization of phase transitions in amorphous metal alloys

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    In this work a pulsed laser photoacoustic technique is employed in amorphous alloys for the characterization of crystallization temperatures and the determination of the activation energies for the transitions. It is shown that the changes produced in the photoacoustic signal generated by low energy laser pulses (< 200 渭J), is a sensitive probe for detecting the crystallization of a metallic amorphous sample. A piezoelectric transducer attached to the sample by means of a glass substrate was used for the acoustic detection. The developed technique has the advantages of requiring a minimum amount of sample, with no special sample preparation or conditioning. In order to demonstrate the validity of the technique, it was applied to the study of the crystallization processes of the amorphous Mg-Zn alloy, comparing the result with respect to resistivity measurements

    Photoacoustic characterization of phase transitions in amorphous metal alloys

    Get PDF
    In this work a pulsed laser photoacoustic technique is employed in amorphous alloys for the characterization of crystallization temperatures and the determination of the activation energies for the transitions. It is shown that the changes produced in the photoacoustic signal generated by low energy laser pulses (< 200 渭J), is a sensitive probe for detecting the crystallization of a metallic amorphous sample. A piezoelectric transducer attached to the sample by means of a glass substrate was used for the acoustic detection. The developed technique has the advantages of requiring a minimum amount of sample, with no special sample preparation or conditioning. In order to demonstrate the validity of the technique, it was applied to the study of the crystallization processes of the amorphous Mg-Zn alloy, comparing the result with respect to resistivity measurements.Facultad de Ciencias Exacta

    A real time method for surface cleanliness measurement

    Get PDF
    The measurement of surface cleanliness is a signifi cant problem in many industrial and technological processes. Existing methods are based on laboratory procedures, that are not performed in real time, can not be automated, and usually are restricted to a small portion of the sample. In this study we describe a new method for real time measurement of the amount of surface dirt or contamination deposited on a surface. It relies on the ablation of the surface dirt film by means of a short laser pulse, and the subsequent measurement of the emitted sound. The intensity of the sound is proportional to the amount of surface dirt and provides a direct measurement of the cleanli ness of the surface. We also developed a reference sample for calibration, based on a uniform distribution of dots printed on white paper. The density and the dot size can be easily modified providing a homogeneous, uniform and reproducible standard for the measurement. Based on this method, we designed, de veloped and patented the first industrial instrument for on line determination of the degree of cleanliness of manufactured cold rolled steel plate bobbins.Facultad de Ciencias Exacta
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