modes of producing the oriental other in Shakespeare’s "Antony and Cleopatra"

I. _ Introduction - p. 3 II. _ Translating Orientalism - p. 4 III. _ Early Modern Orientalism in Shakespeare’s "Antony and Cleopatra" - p. 10 III.I _ Imagined worlds: Roman space and Alexandrian spheres - p. 10 III.II _ Space and Displacement - p. 12 III.III _ Language and Space - p. 14 III.IV _ The depoliticised exotic p. 15 IV _ The Orient in essence - p. 16 V. _ Bibliography - p. 1

Beyond English language learner : Second language writers, academic literacy, and issues of identity in the United States high school

This study examines the writing experiences of U.S. adolescent second language writers and considers how students\u27 identities as English Language Learners (ELL) contributes to their learning, their sense of self, and their academic writing. Within the perspective that writing is a socially-embedded activity, I conducted five case studies documenting the academic writing experiences of immigrant students from various countries (Nigeria, Taiwan, Dominican Republic and El Salvador) during their first year of high school. During the year-long study, I collected data from sources, including: student interviews, classroom observations, students\u27 writing samples, students\u27 social influence maps, and community/school artifacts. Using a theoretical framework derived from social identity theory and Ivanic\u27s work on writing and identity, I explored how students negotiated their social identities as English Language Learners in academic settings and analyzed the impact of ELL identity in the development of their writing skills in English and ELL classrooms. Findings revealed that students found the institutional category of English Language Learner, often limited their social standing and academic opportunities in the classroom and wider school setting. Students\u27 writing instruction was often compromised by administrative pressures to meet federal/state testing mandates, by a lack of teacher training in second language writing, and by the limited amount of classtime that was dedicated to discussions on writing and rhetorical analysis. As a result, students had limited exposure to advanced academic genres and to rich discussions on writing and rhetoric. Despite these curricular limitations, the students of their own volition worked to develop and demonstrate literacy and rhetorical competencies in English through other in-school and out-of school activities. These competencies, which included: genre awareness, rhetorical analysis, digital literacy, professional writing, and creative writing, underscored the rich literacy resources and critical thinking skills that L2 writers can bring to their writing and their writing classrooms. These findings suggest several implications for composition theory and pedagogy, L2 writing, English education, and immigrant student education. The study offers insights into the lasting effects of institutional labels on students\u27 academic literacy development, and it adds to the growing body of research and pedagogy on identity and writing

Safety optimization: a combination of fault tree analysis and optimization techniques

We present a new form of quantitative safety analysis - safety optimization. This method is a combination of fault tree analysis (FTA) and mathematical optimization techniques. With the use of the results of FTA, statistics, and a quantification of the costs of hazards, it allows to find the optimal configuration of a given system with respect to opposed safety requirements. Furthermore, the system may not only be examined for safety, but usability as well. We illustrate this method on a real-world case study: the height control system of the Elbtunnel in Hamburg. Safety optimization showed some significant problems in trustworthiness of the system, yielded optimal values for configuration of free parameters and showed possible modifications to improve the system

Automated Change Rule Inference for Distance-Based API Misuse Detection

Developers build on Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) to reuse existing functionalities of code libraries. Despite the benefits of reusing established libraries (e.g., time savings, high quality), developers may diverge from the API's intended usage; potentially causing bugs or, more specifically, API misuses. Recent research focuses on developing techniques to automatically detect API misuses, but many suffer from a high false-positive rate. In this article, we improve on this situation by proposing ChaRLI (Change RuLe Inference), a technique for automatically inferring change rules from developers' fixes of API misuses based on API Usage Graphs (AUGs). By subsequently applying graph-distance algorithms, we use change rules to discriminate API misuses from correct usages. This allows developers to reuse others' fixes of an API misuse at other code locations in the same or another project. We evaluated the ability of change rules to detect API misuses based on three datasets and found that the best mean relative precision (i.e., for testable usages) ranges from 77.1 % to 96.1 % while the mean recall ranges from 0.007 % to 17.7 % for individual change rules. These results underpin that ChaRLI and our misuse detection are helpful complements to existing API misuse detectors

Die Behandlung der intraoperativen Hypotonie im Spiegelbild des klinischen Prozessmanagements - Eine prospektive pharmakoökonomische Analyse

Zielsetzung: Intraoperativ auftretende Hypotonien werden in Deutschland hauptsächlich mit Akrinor® als Bolusgabe oder mit Noradrenalin mit Hilfe eines Perfursors® behandelt. Dem niedrigeren Einkaufspreis von Noradrenalin steht ein zeitlich aufwendiger Vorbereitungsprozess gegenüber. Ziel ist es, durch die genaue Analyse der Prozesskosten der beiden Behandlungsmöglichkeiten einen Vergleich aus ökonomischer Sicht zu ermöglichen. Methoden und Ergebnisse: Es handelt sich um eine prospektive pharmakoökonomische Studie. Insgesamt konnten 231 Patientenfälle mit 345 Messungen aus sechs deutschen Kliniken im Zeitraum zwischen Dezember 2015 und März 2016 erfasst und ausgewertet werden. 55,84% der Fälle wurden initial mit Akrinor® und 44,16% initial mit Noradrenalin behandelt. Die Hauptunterschiede der beiden Behandlungsprozesse liegen in der unterschiedlichen Applikationsform der Medikamente. Der Teilprozess Bolus beansprucht 1,29 € Gesamtpersonalkosten pro Anwendung und der Teilprozess Perfusor® 6,54 €. Im Ergebnis dieser Prozesskostenanalyse entstehen bei der initialen Behandlung mit Akrinor® Kosten in Höhe von 5,18 € und bei der initialen Behandlung mit Noradrenalin Gesamtkosten in Höhe von 6,63 €. Die Kostendifferenz von 1,45 € der beiden Behandlungsalternativen eröffnet die Möglichkeit einer kostenreduzierenden Prozessoptimierung. Die durchschnittliche Personalbindungszeit bei der initialen Behandlung mit Akrinor® beträgt 74 Sekunden pro Fall. Dem gegenüber steht eine durchschnittliche Personalbindungszeit von 215 Sekunden pro Fall bei initialer Behandlung mit Noradrenalin, wenn, wie dann üblich, das Medikament unter Inanspruchnahme eines Perfusors® verabreicht wird. Ergebnis: Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass die initiale Behandlung der intraoperativen Hypotonie mit Akrinor® kostengünstiger ist als die initiale Behandlung mit Noradrenalin und, dass die Anwendung der Prozesskostenrechnung im Rahmen des klinischen Prozessmanagements ein geeignetes Instrument für einen Effizienzvergleich alternativer medizinischer Behandlungsprozesse ist

Probabilistic Model-Based Safety Analysis

Model-based safety analysis approaches aim at finding critical failure combinations by analysis of models of the whole system (i.e. software, hardware, failure modes and environment). The advantage of these methods compared to traditional approaches is that the analysis of the whole system gives more precise results. Only few model-based approaches have been applied to answer quantitative questions in safety analysis, often limited to analysis of specific failure propagation models, limited types of failure modes or without system dynamics and behavior, as direct quantitative analysis is uses large amounts of computing resources. New achievements in the domain of (probabilistic) model-checking now allow for overcoming this problem. This paper shows how functional models based on synchronous parallel semantics, which can be used for system design, implementation and qualitative safety analysis, can be directly re-used for (model-based) quantitative safety analysis. Accurate modeling of different types of probabilistic failure occurrence is shown as well as accurate interpretation of the results of the analysis. This allows for reliable and expressive assessment of the safety of a system in early design stages