La formación de docentes en TIC: aportaciones desde diferentes modelos de formación

Training the teaching staff in Information and Communication Technologies comes implicitly with the study of its different dimensions and principles, regarding the indications that have been pointed from a variety of studies and works. In our current society, it is clear that the significance of ICT to improve quality and educational performance is not exclusively determined by its presence, but also by the variety of transformations that involves not only using them as a way of consuming knowledge but also seeing them as tools to enrich, create and generate said knowledge. From this perspective, investment in professional development is more important than investment in resources associated with technology. ftis is an important aspect for incorporation of ITC, not considering only its use to do better things than we do without it, but to do things in a complete different manner. We present this article which describes a tour of some of the bases and models, analyzing the problematic of training in digital skills that teachers might face when they incorporate them into their teaching and professional practice.Hablar de la formación del profesorado en Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación, implica el estudio de diferentes dimensiones y principios, contemplando las indicaciones que han apuntado distintos estudios y trabajos. En la sociedad actual, es claro que la significación de las TIC para mejorar la calidad y el rendimiento educativo, no viene exclusivamente determinado por su presencia, sino también por diferentes transformaciones que implican pasar de utilizarlas únicamente como una forma de consumir conocimientos, a verlas como herramientas para enriquecerlos, crearlos y generarlos. Desde esta perspectiva, la inversión en desarrollo profesional es más importante que la inversión en recursos asociados a la tecnología, siendo unaspecto importantepara su incorporación, el noplantearse únicamente su utilización para hacer mejor las cosas que hacemos sin ellas, sino para hacer cosas completamente distintas. Desde esta óptica, planteamos el presente artículo en el que se describe un recorrido por algunas de las bases y modelos, analizando la problemática de la formación en las competencias digitales que debe poseer el profesorado a la hora de incorporarlas en su práctica docente y profesional

"Effective Demand in the Recent Evolution of the US Economy"

We present strong empirical evidence favoring the role of effective demand in the US economy, in the spirit of Keynes and Kalecki. Our inference comes from a statistically well-specified VAR model constructed on a quarterly basis from 1980 to 2008. US output is our variable of interest, and it depends (in our specification) on (1) the wage share, (2) OECD GDP, (3) taxes on corporate income, (4) other budget revenues, (5) credit, and the (6) interest rate. The first variable was included in order to know whether the economy under study is wage led or profit led. The second represents demand from abroad. The third and fourth make up total government expenditure and our arguments regarding these are based on Kalecki's analysis of fiscal policy. The last two variables are analyzed in the context of Keynes's monetary economics. Our results indicate that expansionary monetary, fiscal, and income policies favor higher aggregate demand in the United States.Effective Demand; Wage Shares; Monetary Policy; Fiscal Policy; Model Evaluation

A Grounded Theory Approach to Understanding Mu-Fi Interventions on the Digital Divide

Grounded theory is the most rigorous method of providing preliminary research in an area where research is scarce. Using grounded theory, this paper explores the extent to a recent government initiative failed to achieve its goal. Specifically, the study explored the role of U.S. municipal wireless broadband networks (Mu-Fi) in bridging the so-called “digital divide.” Grounded theory was useful as it allowed the researcher to present an interdisciplinary and holistic vision of Mu-Fi vis-à-vis a complex and evolving division between groups with access to ICT to those without. The paper aims to stimulate discussion about how governments may effectively remedy this social ill

Studies in the economic development of Porto Rico

Thesis (M.B.A.)--Boston University PLEASE NOTE: tables 8 and 17 are missing from the physical thesis. We are not able to determine whether this is a simple case of misnumbering by the author, or substantive information is actually missing

Association pattern of reciprocal translocations induced by chemicals and ionizing radiation in mouse germ cells: a comparison between single and combined treatments

The similarity degree of chemical, ionizing radiation, and combined treatments of chemical plus ionizing radiation in their capacity to induce reciprocal translocations was analyzed by means of multivariate analysis techniques on mice germ cells. The effect of three different doses of gamma rays, four doses of X-rays, and different doses of adriamycin, mitomycin C, thio-tepa and bleomycin, as well as the combined treatments of two doses of gamma rays with adriamycin, mitomycin c and thio-tepa, were studied. Our objectives were: 1) to determine the degree of similarity between the effects of chemicals and ionizing radiations in relation to the induction of reciprocal translocations in germ cells; and 2) to test the conclusions reached by previous authors using only single treatments. Data were arranged in a basic data matrix, analyzed by cluster analysis and ordination methods. The results showed that: 1) as single and combined treatments were grouped together, there was not a specifc pattern of chromosomal aberration induced for physical and chemical agents; 2) the association degree between single treatments was similar to that obtained by previous authors, although in this analysis combined treatments were added; and 3) some combined treatments using 9 Gy and drugs appear in different groups, although we expected that all the combined treatments of drugs with 9 Gy were grouped together. As a working hypothesis, we propose that the variability observed when the different treatments were compared could be dose dependent.Por medio de técnicas de análisis multivariado se determinó el grado de similitud de distintos agentes químicos y radiaciones ionizantes en la inducción de translocaciones recíprocas en células germinales de ratón. Se comparó el efecto de tres diferentes dosis de rayos gamma, cuatro dosis de rayos X y distintas dosis de adriamicina, mitomicina C, thio-tepa y bleomicina, así como también los tratamientos combinados con dos dosis de rayos gamma con adriamicina, mitomicina C y tio-tepa, y cuatro de rayos X. Los objetivos del presente trabajo fueron: 1) determinar el grado de similitud entre los tipos de translocaciones recíprocas inducidas por los agentes químicos y las radiaciones ionizantes; y 2) comparar estos resultados con los obtenidos previamente por otros autores al comparar los tratamientos individuales. Para la comparación de los diferentes tratamientos se elaboró una matriz de datos analizada por medio de técnicas de agrupamiento y de ordenación. Los resultados revelaron que: 1) los tratamientos simples y combinados se agruparon juntos, indicando la falta de un patrón específico de aberraciones inducido; 2) el grado de asociación entre los tratamientos simples no se vio modificado, a pesar de la incorporación de los tratamientos combinados; y 3) algunos tratamientos combinados con 9 Gy y las diferentes drogas se asociaron con otros tratamientos, en lugar de asociarse juntos como era de esperarse teniendo en cuenta los resultados obtenidos por otros autores. Como hipótesis de trabajo, proponemos que la variabilidad observada en los diferentes tratamientos podría ser dependiente de la dosis empleada.Fil: de Luca, Julio Cesar. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico CONICET- La Plata. Instituto de Genética Veterinaria "Ing. Fernando Noel Dulout". Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Instituto de Genética Veterinaria; ArgentinaFil: Ortiz Jaureguizar, Edgardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Laboratorio de Sistemática y Biología Evolutiva; ArgentinaFil: Posadas, Paula Elena. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Laboratorio de Sistemática y Biología Evolutiva; Argentin

Addiction to online social networks: validation of an instrument in the Mexican context

Online social networks have become one of the basic communication tools for social interaction nowadays, but they also have some limitations, one of them being addiction of people towards them. People showing addictive symptoms may have a series of problems, including difficult cognitive flexibility for decision-making, omission of their responsibilities or conflicts with concentration, among others. Objectives. Validate and adapt the addiction scale created by Sahin (2018), "Social Media Addcition Scale-Student Form", to the Mexican context. Method. Once the scale was adapted, it was applied to 17,600 Mexican high school students. The present research followed these steps for reliability: exploratory factor analysis, reduction of the items until reaching perfect factorization, confirmatory factor analysis for the purpose of measuring the structure of the factor model, confirmatory factor analysis of both first and second order, and analysis of internal consistency. Conclusion. There was a high level of reliability and all the items concentrated around four factors, namely problems, satisfaction, obsession to be informed and need/obsession to be connected.Las redes sociales online se han convertido en una de las herramientas básicas de comunicación e interacción entre las personas, pero también poseen una serie de limitaciones entre las que se encuentra la adicción que puede desarrollarse respecto a ellas. Las personas afectadas pueden mostrar una serie de problemas, entre los que se encuentran dificultades de flexibilidad cognitiva para la toma de decisiones, olvido de la realización de ciertas actividades o conflictos en la concentración, entre otros. Objetivos. Validar y adaptar al contexto mexicano la escala de adicción a las redes sociales de Sahin (2018), “Social Media Addiction ScaleStudent Form”. Método. Se aplicó la escala adaptada a 17,600 estudiantes de la preparatoria mexicana. Para su validación se siguieron estas etapas: análisis factorial exploratorio, reducción sucesiva de ítems hasta la perfecta factorización, análisis factorial confirmatorio para probar la estructura del modelo de factores obtenido, elaboración de un análisis factorial confirmatorio de primero y segundo orden, y obtención para su validación y análisis de su consistencia interna. Conclusión. Se obtuvo un alto índice de fiabilidad y los ítems se aglutinaron alrededor de cuatro factores: problemas, satisfacción, obsesión por estar informado y necesidad/obsesión por estar conectado

ITC for inclusion: a look from Latin America

La Sociedad de la Información y el conocimiento es un fenómeno que impacta a los seres humanos desde hace poco más de cinco décadas. Se caracteriza por la tecnología de la información, que permite su organización en redes que dan a las personas la posibilidad de acceder, compartir y procesar datos, incluso de manera remota y en tiempo real. Las tecnologías digitales permiten superar los límites del intelecto humano y se da una interacción constante entre la tecnología y la sociedad, caracterizadas por la globalización y la digitalización. La difusión del uso de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC) ha sido paulatina dentro de las sociedades, y entre los países más desarrollados y los de menor desarrollo, existe la tendencia constante hacia la inclusión, lo que repercute en los ámbitos laboral, político, económico y social y educativo, siendo este último el enfoque de este capítulo. En este artículo se propone la incorporación de las TIC a las sociedades latinoamericanas es una labor política y tecnológica, que no se limita alavinculación entre tecnología y educación, pues esta última debe reforzarse mediante la adecuación de las prácticas educativas y el cultivo de competencias entre docentes y alumnos.Information and knowledge society has had an impact on human beings since fifty years ago. It is caracterized by information technology that allows data be organized in nets that give to the people the opportunity to access, deliver and share data, in a remote way and real time. Digital technologies allow us to exceed the limits of human intelect and the constant interaction among technology and society, and are characterized by globalization and digitalization. Even though the spreading of information and communication technology has been gradual among societies, and in the same wayamong developed and underdeveloped countries, there is a continuous trend towards inclusion, that has an effect on the fields of labor, politics, economics, society and education. This article lays out incorporation of Information and Communication Technologies into Latin American societies is a political as well as a technological task, not restricted to the links between technology and education, that may be reinforced by adequating educational practices and competences among teachers and students

Keeping Promises: Municipal communities struggle to fulfill promises to narrow the digital divide with Municipal Community Wireless Networks

Some public elites assert that the digital divide is a serious social problem and that governments must intervene by affording wireless solutions to improve this social ill.  Few studies, however, examine the relationship between the claims-making activities around such interventions, specifically in reference to closing the digital divide, and the perceptions of the actual impact of those initiatives on this divide.  We bring together two data sets.  The first dataset is from a previous study examining the public rhetoric surrounding these initiatives vis-à-vis the digital divide.  The latter is part of a much larger study on the network’s impact on the divide.  We conclude that these networks are necessary but insufficient in bridging the gap

Desenvolvimento de um sistema fotovoltaico de baixo custo utilizando materiais alternativos para aplicaҫões em propriedades rurais

Anais do VI Encontro de Iniciação Científica e II Encontro Anual de Iniciação ao Desenvolvimento Tecnológico e Inovação – EICTI 2017 - 04 a 06 de outubro de 2017 - temática EngenhariaA energia solar fotovoltaica é a energia obtida através da conversão direta da luz solar em eletricidade (processo conhecido como Efeito Fotovoltaico), sendo a célula fotovoltaica, um dispositivo fabricado geralmente com material semicondutor. As telhas solares fotovoltaicas vêm como uma solução substitutiva aos painéis solares. Os modelos grandes e pesados dos painéis solares utilizados atualmente, frequentemente, prejudicam a estética dos telhados gerando também um maior custo de utilização, pois precisam de estruturas adicionais para sua devida instalação. Assim, os pesquisadores deste projeto propõem o desenvolvimento de telhas solares fotovoltaicas que utilizam matérias alternativos, podendo acarretar numa diminuição do custo de utilização desta tecnologia, sendo acessível à grande massa populacional. Em princípio, a proposta da pesquisa compreende de um dispositivo constituído por um sistema de captação de luz solar através de telhas solares fotovoltaicas, cada telha de concreto ou polímero inclui um conjunto de células fotovoltaicas, tais células são incorporadas no corpo da própria telha. Ressalta-se que o dimensionamento do sistema fotovoltaico proposto visa atender as condições mínimas de funcionamento e intempéries. Nesse sentido, o desenvolvimento do produto contribuirá com os avanços das presentes e futuras pesquisas com placas fotovoltaicas na região, ampliando as possibilidades de inovação com base em novos conhecimentos e aparelhos técnicos desenvolvidos. Esse avanço também poderá auxiliar na diversificação da matriz energética brasileira, viabilizando uma alternativa de baixo custo para aqueles que buscam utilizar energia solar em suas residências.Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana (Unila); Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq); Fundação Araucária; Parque Tecnológico Itaipu (PTI) e Companhia de Saneamento do Paraná (SANEPAR

Características y conceptos radiológicos en el campo forense

Las aplicaciones de la radiología en el campo forense son de útil importancia ya que aclara muchos sucesos que se pueden presentar en un cuerpo, la radiología convencional es la aplicación más accesible en la medicina forense y aunque aclara muchas lesiones también se debe complementar con otro tipo de tecnología que a partir de las ayudas diagnosticas como lo son las técnicas en Rayos x, Tomografía computarizada y Resonancia magnética con el desarrollo de estas altas tecnologías se ha logrado obtener imágenes, que permiten evaluar y valorar los diferentes cadáveres, que van a ser estudiados y examinados anatómicamente ha permitido obtener información, clara y precisa en tiempos cortos para esclarecer las causas o el tipo de lesión presentada que origino el deceso de la víctima.The applications of radiology in the forensic field are of useful importance since it clarifies many events that can occur in a body, conventional radiology is the most accessible application in forensic medicine and although it clarifies many injuries it must also be complemented with another type of technology that from diagnostic aids such as Xray, computed tomography and magnetic resonance techniques, with the development of these high technologies, it has been possible to obtain images, which allow evaluating and evaluating the different corpses, which are going to be studied and examined anatomically, it has allowed obtaining clear and precise information in a short time to clarify the causes or the type of injury presented that originated the death of the victi