Analysis of the concentration of emissions from the Spanish fleet of tugboats

At present, the sensitivity of society towards emissions in commercial maritime ports is increasing, which is reflected in the large number of studies on the control of emissions in them, perhaps because the most important commercial ports are located in cities with high population density. The objective of this work was to determine the greenhouse gas emissions caused by the activity of the Spanish tugboat fleet, studying the tugboat fleet of the eleven autonomous coastal Spanish communities from 2004 to 2017 and their impact on the carbon footprint of the country?s shipping sector. To do this, the methodology used by the International Maritime Organization for merchant ships to estimate the emissions of a tugboat fleet is formalized, and Gini concentration index methodology was applied to the concentration of emissions from this fleet. This has made it possible to obtain results on the distribution of the concentration of emissions from Spanish ports by region, age, and size, as well as to establish the profile of the tugboat port that pollutes the most and its carbon footprint. One of the results is that in the period analyzed, the concentration of emissions from the Spanish tugboat fleet increased if we looked at its distribution by region, and decreased if we look at its distribution by age and size. This is because tugboat activity was very different by region; however, their characteristics related to age and size evolved in a more homogeneous way

The shipbuilding and naval repair sector in the Atlantic area.

Maritime activities are one of the key elements of the Lisbon Strategy. According to the European Union, those sectors related to the exploitation of the seas represent 3-5% of the Union GDP. Those sectors have contributed to the building of the Atlantic Area identity. Some subsectors from the maritime economy face tough times, while other o_er great opportunities for economic growth and employment. In this context the HARVEST ATLANTIC (Harnessing All Resources Valuable to Economies of Seaside territories on the Atlantic) project is developed, approved by the Atlantic Area Interreg IV-B Program. This study includes the main results obtained from the above mentioned project related to the shipbuilding and repair sector in four countries from the Atlantic area (Spain, Portugal, Ireland and Scotland). The surveys that were conducted among companies from the sector included different aspects related with their location, innovation, human capital and policy making

A residual Grey prediction model for predicting S-curves in projects

S-curves are usually taken as expression of project progress and have become a requisite tool for project managers through the execution phase. The common methodology for predicting S-curve forecasting models is based on classifying projects into groups and producing a standard S-curve for each group using multiple linear regression techniques. Traditional regression models taken to fit individual projects require a large amount of data and make many strict assumptions regarding statistical distribution of the data. The grey system theory, however, is well suited to study the behavior of a system with incomplete information or limited amount of discrete data. Easy of use and accuracy, two significant criteria for project managers when choosing a forecasting model, are considered two additional attributes of the grey system theory. This paper proposes a residual Grey prediction model to forecast the actual cost and the cost at completion of a project based on the grey system theory. Results show that the accuracy of the forecasting model is highly efficient

Automatic identification system of vessels using the grid method

For many reasons, going from the environmental to the maritime safety, it is required a marine traffic control able to track in real time vessels approaching or moving away from the coasts. The innovation of this Automatic Identification System of vessels -with regard to some others already existing- is that this one is not a satellite system and it is not limited to a certain coverage distance, as happens with the AIS. But it is not a system that excludes the latter either, since in some exceptional circumstances it is based on it. This paper deals with the System technical approach for the future implementation in certain sea routes with given traffic density

Methodology for the Design of Residues Reception Facilities of Fishing Ports and Marinas

ABSTRACT: The fishing ports, marinas and mixed, have to develop their activity respecting and caring for the environment. Each portmust respect their environment and this environment must be sustainable with either fishing port activity, sports or both.Concern about the consequences of environmental degradation and the problems it creates for people and goods, has aneffect on society alarmist. At present, no activity can develop without respecting the environment. The ports need to re-duce pollution forms if they want to limit their impact on the environment.The increase in the standard of living and the increasing availability for free time the population increases in watersports activities sports. These activities enhance the expansion of tourism, quality tourism. The environmental qualitybecomes a key to the success of quality tourism and other activities developed in ports.At the present time, we are witnessing empowerment, for sport, for certain ports or portion thereof and the creationof new ports. Environmental management is one of the success factors for a port facility. A marina successful or need tohave an environment environmental quality. The marinas of a locality, region, if successful as a whole, will have a multipliereffect on the local and regional economy.This Article sets methodological basis for the design of a waste reception facility for fishing ports and marinas or forthose ports that are developed both. First, perform a conceptual approach of the basic concepts, followed by a methodologyto define the layout of the facility. Third base is defined to control the environment and how to improve the environmentalquality of the ports. The identification of the residues produced in port activities help us to estimate the type of container-ization for residues. Finally, we establish design guidelines for the installation and we obtain some conclusions

Implementation of a rfid system on ships for passenger and crew location

Alongside the advances made in luxury and comfort in passenger ships over the last few decades, new and modern elements and protocols for the safety of the ship, passengers and the environment have also been established. At present, the major concern is to develop a more specialized security technological framework with the main objective of minimizing risks on board. It is in this area that the present work is carried out with a view to proposing the implementation of a system for locating people on board in real time consisting of the use of tracking bracelets, based on radiofrequency technology. Radio frequency technology is a technology that is now more than 50 years old, and yet it is still a technology with great potential. Despite being a system that requires a substantial initial investment and costly maintenance, the benefits, in the short and long term, will be reflected in a substantial reduction in the number of incidents that pose a security risk, as well as a more efficient management of resources. The system applies the use of active radio frequency tags installed on the bracelets that will respond to the message transmitted by a transceiver through a series of antennas distributed throughout the vessel. By means of a series of algorithms, these antennas will determine the position of the bracelet and therefore identify the owner passenger. These devices will be operational both in the interior spaces of the ship and on the outer decks. Finally, a procedure is developed for the use of this system focused on respecting at all times the privacy rights of the passengers. As a result, and for moments of crisis on board, an efficient missing passenger location system will be obtained, along with a procedure to ensure its proper use

Maritime transport as a key element in the automotive industry

Nowadays, Automotive Industry is one of the most competitive sectors. Manufacturers try to reduce production costs without any decrease in quality standards. On average, 7% of the final cost of a vehicle is divided into both, the logistic cost derived from the transportation of pieces and components to factories and the cost derived from the transportation of vehicles from factories to selling points and dealers. At this point, logistics and maritime transport play an important role in the improvement of competitiveness. In this paper, we will try to prove how maritime transport cost is much lower than ground transport (either for pieces and components or manufactured vehicles) despite of the fact that distances, most of the times, may be much longer in maritime transport. This study has been particularly developed for the Japanese Nissan trucks factory in Ávila (Spain)

Innovation in Spanish Port Sector

Globalization has generated a dramatic increase in freight traffic worldwide and, in particular, in maritime transport. In response to increasing load capacity requirements, there has been a steady increase in the size of the international merchant fleet, accompanied by a parallel increase in new requirements for ports. This has raised the need for ports to innovate. If countries want to be competitive, they need a port system that allows them to be part of international supply chains. In addition, each individual port must be competitive with the other ports operating within their national port system.Therefore, competitiveness and competition must be understood from two perspectives, international and national. This paper analyzes the perception of Spanish Port Authorities on innovation in the national port system. The goal is to establish the innovative activitiesthat are perceived as the most important, those in which there has been anincreased effort, and the obstacles facing innovation. These factors have beenassessed using the Rasch methodology.La globalización ha generado un incremento espectacular del tráfico de mercancías a nivel mundial y en particular del transporte marítimo. En respuesta a las mayores necesidades de capacidad de carga se ha producido un constante incremento de la flota mercante mundial y también, de forma paralela, aparecennuevos requerimientos para los puertos, surgiendo la necesidad de innovar.Los países, si quieren ser competitivos, necesitan un sistema portuario que les permita formar parte de las cadenas logísticas internacionales. Además, cada puerto de forma individual, ha de ser competitivo respecto del resto de puertos del mismo sistema portuario. Por tanto, la competitividad y la competencia han de entenderse desde una doble perspectiva, internacional y nacional. El trabajo analiza la percepción de las Autoridades Portuarias españolas sobre la innovación en el sistema portuario nacional. El objetivo es conocer las actividades de innovación que se perciben como más importantes, aquéllas en las que se ha efectuado un mayor esfuerzo y los obstáculos a la innovación, aplicando la metodología Rasch

Influence of the Implantation of the Onshore Power Supply (OPS) System in Spanish Medium-Sized Ports on the Reduction in CO₂ Emissions: The Case of the Port of Santander (Spain)

Society and its leaders are increasingly aware of the need to fight climate change and CO2 emissions in the search for sustainability. Maritime transport and ports are important sources of pollution and, while industry and the rest of the large-scale emitters have achieved considerable reductions in this area, “shipping” is still not advancing at the same rate, falling behind in this race. The aim of this article is to underline the importance of an early implementation of On-Shore Power Supply (OPS), Cold Ironing (CI) or Alternative Marine Power (AMP) by making a study of potentially avoidable CO2 emissions from vessels docked (on the basis of the EPA [Environmental Protection Agency] and ENTEC [Environmental Engineering Consultancy, an environmental and engineering consultancy in UK] methods) close to urban areas in the Port of Santander (Spain). It is the first time potential reductions have been calculated for the last 11 years (2011–2021), distinguishing yearly emissions per type of vessel and providing real information to port authorities to prioritize the installation of this technological basis for the operation of piers/terminals to optimize investments and outcomes. In this case study, results demonstrate the outcomes of ROROs, ferries, and cruises being the first target of OPS implementation (reaching total of 37.95% of total emitted tons of CO2 during the period of study). As a clear conclusion to this paper, the reader can understand the enormous and growing potential of this technology multiplied by the continuous development, increase and implementation of green energies

Influence of the Implantation of the Onshore Power Supply (OPS) System in Spanish Medium-Sized Ports on the Reduction in CO2 Emissions: The Case of the Port of Santander (Spain)

Society and its leaders are increasingly aware of the need to fight climate change and CO2 emissions in the search for sustainability. Maritime transport and ports are important sources of pollution and, while industry and the rest of the large-scale emitters have achieved considerable reductions in this area, “shipping” is still not advancing at the same rate, falling behind in this race. The aim of this article is to underline the importance of an early implementation of On-Shore Power Supply (OPS), Cold Ironing (CI) or Alternative Marine Power (AMP) by making a study of potentially avoidable CO2 emissions from vessels docked (on the basis of the EPA [Environmental Protection Agency] and ENTEC [Environmental Engineering Consultancy, an environmental and engineering consultancy in UK] methods) close to urban areas in the Port of Santander (Spain). It is the first time potential reductions have been calculated for the last 11 years (2011–2021), distinguishing yearly emissions per type of vessel and providing real information to port authorities to prioritize the installation of this technological basis for the operation of piers/terminals to optimize investments and outcomes. In this case study, results demonstrate the outcomes of ROROs, ferries, and cruises being the first target of OPS implementation (reaching total of 37.95% of total emitted tons of CO2 during the period of study). As a clear conclusion to this paper, the reader can understand the enormous and growing potential of this technology multiplied by the continuous development, increase and implementation of green energies