The effects of the mycorrhiza on plant growth during acclimatization of some in vitro grown sweet cherry rootstocks

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Glomus mosseae and G. fasciculatum on plant growth during acclimatization of micropropagated sweet cherry rootstocks. In order to determine the effects of mycorrhizal inoculation and growth media on plant growth, shoot length, and dry weight of roots and shoots were analyzed. The leaf content was significantly increased by mycorrhizal inoculation. The total root length and percentage of infected roots were investigated at the end of the acclimatization. As a result, survival rate of rootstock plantlets was not affected by mycorrhizal inoculation. The effect of inoculation was found significant on nutrient uptake and tissue P content. The results showed that mycorrhizal inoculation may be used at the in vitro rooting stage for better acclimatization. Mycorrhizae inoculated rootstocks grow better and increase Zn and P uptake

Narenciye Alanının Yeni Üniversiteye Verilmesi, Polisin Üniversite Arazisine Girişi.

Narenciye Alanının Yeni Ü;niversiteye Verilmesi, Polisin Üniversite Arazisine Girişi, Öğretim Ü;yelerinin Darp Edilmesi ve çıkardığımız Ders (İbrahim Ortaş*

Etik İlkeler ve Davranış Kuralları Açısından Bilimsel Etik Kurullarının Gerekliliği

This article discusses the reflections and consequences of the problems that arise when scientific studies are not carried out within ethical rules and it emphasizes on the necessity of Scientific Ethics Committees for preventing such problems. Within this frame, the article gives information about the 6 basic principles that appear in the report titled “Bilimsel Araştırmalarda Etik ve Sorunları” (Ethics and Ethical Issues in Scientific Researches) announced on December 1, 2001 and a list titled “Davranış Kuralları” (Code of Conduct) by TÜBA (The Turkish Academy of Sciences) following the establishment of a related center within TÜBİTAK (The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey).Bu makalede bilimsel çalışmaların etik kurallar çerçevesinde yapılmaması durumunda ortaya çıkan sorunların yansımaları ve sonuçları üstünde durulmakta ve bunların önlenmesi için Bilimsel Etik Kurullarının gerekliliğine vurgu yapılmaktadır. Bu bağlamda TÜBİTAK bünyesinde ilgili bir merkezin kurulmasından sonra TÜBA tarafından 1 Aralık 2001 tarihinde açıklanan "Bilimsel Araştırmalarda Etik ve Sorunları" başlıklı raporda yer alan 6 temel ilke ve “Davranış Kuralları” hakkında bilgi verilerek makale sonlandırılmaktadır

Türkiye ve Dünyada Kitap Okuma Değerlerinin Karşılaştırması ve Sosyal Yaşamımıza Etkileri

The development level of the country is directly related to cultural-based reading of that country. Turkey’s level of education an average of about six years. Still there is an illiterate population of women and men which are located in country side has significant influence on cultural level of society. Turkey’s level of reading books and newspapers is far behind the countries with the same level of sophisticationand development. In generally educated propel in school-age, college and university have a serious problem in book reading. Literate level seems to be very low. In this context, curricular culture of the society directly related to the level of literacy. Turkey’s proportionally culture budget is directly related the given importance. In Turkey, reading books and newspapers ratio seriously is problematic. Turkey’sbright future is depend on society’s educate and a serious cultural policy. For a certain democratic maturity and active citizens cultural policy is important and without this Turkey cannot built a safety and democratic society. On the basis of the fact that many problems we live in today depend on lag ofculture-based reading, writing, participate in artistic activities.Bir ülkenin gelişmişliği o ülkenin kültür temelli okuma düzeyi ile doğrudan ilgilidir. Türkiye›nin eğitim düzeyi ortalama 6 yıldır. Kadınların ve kırsalda yaşayan nüfusun okuma yazma oranı düşüktür. Türkiye›de kitap ve gazete okuma oranı aynı gelişmişlik düzeyine sahip ülkelere göre oldukça düşüktür.Okul çağındaki çocuk ve gençlerin çoğunun ders dışında okur-yazar olmadıkları görülüyor. Bu bağlamda toplumun kültür karnesi ile ders dışı okur- yazarlık düzeyi arasında bir ilişki görülmektedir. Türkiye’de kültüre verilen önem bütçe ile doğru orantılıdır. Türkiye’de kitap ve gazete okuma oranı oldukça düşüktür. Bu durum ülkemizin kültürel gelişimi için önemli bir tehdittir. Birçok toplumsal sorunun temelinde işte bu kültür temelli okuma, yazma ve sanatsal etkinliklere katılımda yaşanan sorunların olduğunu inancındayız. Bu nedenle ülkemiz için güncel gereksinimler doğrultusunda kültür politikası oluşturarak aydınlık bir geleceğe taşımak, demokratik ve bilinçli bireyler yaratmak adına büyük önemtaşımaktadır

In the Information and Communication Age, the Importance of Accessing Scientific Information and the Information and Communication Potential of Turkey

Günümüz bilgi çağında bilgi üretmek, ürettiği bilgiyi yayın yolu ile paylaşmak ve başkasının ürettiği bilgiden haberdar olmak son derece önemlidir. Bugünki gelişmişliğin ölçüsüde bilgiye erişim ve bilgiden bilgi üretmektedir. Özellikle Endüstri 4.0 ve yapay zekânın konuşulduğu günümüzde bilgi edinme kaynakları olan kütüphaneler ve dokümantasyon merkezleri son derece hayati rol oynamaktadırlar. Ancak ülkemizde maalesef bilgiye, kitaba ve kütüphaneye az önem verilmektedir. Bu da iletişim çağının gereklerine ters düşmektedir. Bilgiye zamanında ulaşılmadan ve bilgiden bilgi üretimi sağlanmadan artık gelişmiş olmak mümkün değildir. Türkiye’de bilim politikasına uygun alt bu kapsamda yapı ivedilikle sağlamlaştırmalıdır.To produce information and disseminate it by publications and to stay informed by the information produced others are crucial in today’s information age. The measure of the development today depends on accessing information and producing it from the existent ones. Especially libraries and documentation centers are playing a vital role in the age of Industrial 4.0 and artificial intelligence. Unfortunately, little attention is given to information, the libraries and the books in our country. This is contrary to the requirements of the communication age. It is not possible to develop without reaching and producing information in time. In this context, the appropriate infrastructure for the science policy in Turkey must be strengthened urgently

Fertigasyon ve Mikoriza Uygulamalarının Tarla Koşullarında Biber Bitkisinin (Capsicum annum L.) Verimine ve Besin Elementleri Alımına Etkileri

Bu çalışmanın amacı, fertigasyon uygulamalarında farklı gübreleme zamanlarının (her sulamada gübre: H.S.G., her ikinci sulamada gübre: H.İ.S.G., her üçüncü sulamada gübre: H.Ü.S.G.) ve mikoriza uygulamalarının biber bitkisinin verimine ve besin elementleri alımına olan etkilerini araştırmaktır. Araştırma Çukurova Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Toprak Bilimi ve Bitki Besleme Bölümü’ne ait araştırma ve deneme alanında, tarla koşullarında, iki yıl süreyle ve üç tekerrürlü olarak yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada fertigasyon uygulaması geleneksel yöntem ile karşılaştırmalı olarak yapılmış, test bitkisi olarak biber ve mikoriza türü olarak Glomus caledonium kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada biber bitkisinin verimi ile yaprakların azot (N), fosfor (P), potasyum (K), demir (Fe), çinko (Zn), mangan (Mn) ve bakır (Cu) konsantrasyonları belirlenmiştir. Çalışmadan elde edilen bulgular, birinci yılda en yüksek verimin fosfor uygulanmış ve mikoriza aşılanmış her ikinci sulamada gübre uygulamasından elde edildiğini ortaya koymuştur (2809 kg/da). İkinci yılda ise, 2113 kg/da ile fosfor uygulanmayan mikoriza aşılanmış bitkilerde her sulamada gübre uygulamasında belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, her sulamada gübre uygulaması diğer uygulamalarla karşılaştırıldığında, biber bitkisinin P konsantrasyonunu önemli ölçüde artırmıştır. Araştırmada genel olarak, mikoriza aşılanmış bitkilerin aşılanmamış bitkilerden daha yüksek verim ve besin elementi alımına sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir

Effect of mycorrhizal inoculation on citrus seedling growth and nutrient uptake

Many soils are deficient in available nutrients, especially phosphorus (P), and therefore require considerable fertilizer application in order to obtain optimum plant growth. However, as citrus is strongly mycorrhizal dependent it is important to use an inoculum for enhanced and healthy seedling growth; in addition, mycorrhiza can reduce the requirement of applied P fertilizers. In order to use the optimum P fertilizer level for mycorrhizal inoculation, research on P fertilizer concentrations is still required; hence, the aim of this work was to determine the role of mycorrhizal inoculation on citrus seedling growth at different P concentrations. Sterilized Menzilat series soil was treated with 0, 50, 100, 200 and 400 mg P2O5 per kg soil. Fertilizer and sterilized soil were placed into 3.5 kg pots. Experiments were conducted over a period of five months, and plant height, shoot diameter, shoot and root dry matter, mycorrhizal colonization, and tissue P and Zn concentration were determined. Plant growth and nutrient uptake in mycorrhizae-inoculated plants was significantly increased. As citrus seedlings are mycorrhizal dependent, under sterile and low fertile conditions plant growth was stunted and seedlings did not grow properly. Seedling length, stem diameter and percentages of root inoculation were investigated, along with mycorrhizal dependency. Seedlings inoculated with mycorrhiza were shown to be strongly mycorrhizal dependent. The mycorrhizal inoculum potential of the soil can influence plant root growth, which primarily depends on suitable mycorrhizal partners. © 2019 International Society for Horticultural Science. All rights reserved

The influence of use of different rates of mycorrhizal inoculum on root infection, plant growth, and phosphorus uptake

Sorghum and leek plants were used as hosts in order to test the effectiveness and infectiveness of four mycorrhizal species on spore production, plant growth and phosphorus (P) uptake. When sorghum was used as a test plant, Glomus mosseae, Glomus etunicatum, and Glomus caledonium, respectively, gave the highest number of spores, while on leek, G. etunicatum, G. mosseae, and G. caledonium, respectively, resulted in higher spore production. Glomus intraradices produced the least amount of inoculum among the four species. Based on relative spore production and root infection, G. mosseae and G. etunicatum were determined to be the two best fungi as sources of inoculum for further use in the experiment. It is very important to know the minimum amount of inoculum in order to reach the maximum percentage of infection. Thus different amounts of inoculum were applied to determine optimum rates of inoculation. Sorghum and leek plants were infected with 0, 6, 12, 18, and 24 g G. mosseae and G. etunicatum of mycorrhizal inoculum per pot in a low P content and natural soil. As the inoculum rate increased, plant parameters and the percent of infection gradually increased with increasing rate to 18 g. Higher inoculum rates did not stimulate growth on infection percentage

Necessity of Scientific Ethics Committees in Terms of Ethical Principles and Codes of Conduct

This article discusses the reflections and consequences of the problems that arise when scientific studies are not carried out within ethical rules and it emphasizes on the necessity of Scientific Ethics Committees for preventing such problems. Within this frame, the article gives information about the 6 basic principles that appear in the report titled “Bilimsel Araştırmalarda Etik ve Sorunları” (Ethics and Ethical Issues in Scientific Researches) announced on December 1, 2001 and a list titled “Davranış Kuralları” (Code of Conduct) by TÜBA (The Turkish Academy of Sciences) following the establishment of a related center within TÜBİTAK (The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey)

Do horticultural tree plant species depend on mycorrhizal inoculation under marginal soil conditions?

Since 1995, several field experiments were conducted to search effect of selected and indigenous mycorrhizal spores for horticultural plant species production and nutrient uptake in the Mediterranean region. The effect of several mycorrhizal species such as Glomus mosseae, G. etunicatum, G. intraradices, G. macrocarpium, G. caledonium, G. margarita, G. clarium and their cocktail and indigenous mycorrhizae inoculation on seedling survival and plant growth was studied. Mycorrhizal species were studied for, citrus, banana, fig, olive, and cherry tree plant species. Mycorrhizal dependency and growth response of several plants were calculated under several P level applications with several selected exotic mycorrhizal species. Seedling quality, seedling survival under field conditions, and yield response to mycorrhizae were tested. Moreover, relationships between plant growth and root colonization were studied. Plant tissue P, Zn, and other nutrients were determined. Results revealed that indigenous mycorrhizae successfully infect plant roots resulting in better plant growth. The effect of mycorrhizal inoculation on plant growth is changed by the effectiveness of inoculum and time. G. mosseae, G. caledonium, G. clarium, and indigenous mycorrhizae significantly inoculated plant roots and had a significant effect on plant growth and nutrient uptake. In horticultural seedlings, quality and survival of the seedlings are important factors. With mycorrhizae inoculation, seedlings P and Zn concentration significantly increased. In general, horticultural plants are mycorrhizal dependent plants. Dependency is pronounced more for P nutrition rather than Zn nutrition. © 2019 International Society for Horticultural Science. All rights reserved