Efeitos De Variações Sazonais E Métodos De Coleta Sobre A Composição Mineral De Própolis De Colmeias De Apis Mellifera Linnaeus

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)The effects of seasonal variations and the methods of collection of propolis produced by Africanized honey bees Apis mellifera Linnaeus, 1758, on the composition of constituent minerals such as magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), sodium (Na), calcium (Ca), copper (Cu), and potassium (K) were evaluated. Propolis was harvested from 25 beehives by scraping or by means of propolis collectors (screen, “intelligent” collector propolis [ICP], lateral opening of the super [LOS], and underlay method). During the one-year study, the propolis produced was harvested each month, ground, homogenized, and stored in a freezer at -10 ºC. Seasonal analyses of the mineral composition were carried out by atomic absorption spectrophotometry and the results were evaluated by analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Tukey-Kramer’s test to compare the mean values (p<0.05). The results showed that seasonal variations influence the contents of 5 minerals (Mg, Fe, Na, Ca, and Cu), and the propolis harvesting method affects the contents of 4 minerals (Mg, Zn, Fe, and Ca). © 2016, Instituto Internacional de Ecologia. All rights reserved.762396401CNPq, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e TecnológicoConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

Repositioning of the global epicentre of non-optimal cholesterol

High blood cholesterol is typically considered a feature of wealthy western countries1,2. However, dietary and behavioural determinants of blood cholesterol are changing rapidly throughout the world3 and countries are using lipid-lowering medications at varying rates. These changes can have distinct effects on the levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol, which have different effects on human health4,5. However, the trends of HDL and non-HDL cholesterol levels over time have not been previously reported in a global analysis. Here we pooled 1,127 population-based studies that measured blood lipids in 102.6 million individuals aged 18 years and older to estimate trends from 1980 to 2018 in mean total, non-HDL and HDL cholesterol levels for 200 countries. Globally, there was little change in total or non-HDL cholesterol from 1980 to 2018. This was a net effect of increases in low- and middle-income countries, especially in east and southeast Asia, and decreases in high-income western countries, especially those in northwestern Europe, and in central and eastern Europe. As a result, countries with the highest level of non-HDL cholesterol�which is a marker of cardiovascular risk�changed from those in western Europe such as Belgium, Finland, Greenland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland and Malta in 1980 to those in Asia and the Pacific, such as Tokelau, Malaysia, The Philippines and Thailand. In 2017, high non-HDL cholesterol was responsible for an estimated 3.9 million (95 credible interval 3.7 million�4.2 million) worldwide deaths, half of which occurred in east, southeast and south Asia. The global repositioning of lipid-related risk, with non-optimal cholesterol shifting from a distinct feature of high-income countries in northwestern Europe, north America and Australasia to one that affects countries in east and southeast Asia and Oceania should motivate the use of population-based policies and personal interventions to improve nutrition and enhance access to treatment throughout the world. © 2020, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited

Rising rural body-mass index is the main driver of the global obesity epidemic in adults

Body-mass index (BMI) has increased steadily in most countries in parallel with a rise in the proportion of the population who live in cities 1,2 . This has led to a widely reported view that urbanization is one of the most important drivers of the global rise in obesity 3�6 . Here we use 2,009 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in more than 112 million adults, to report national, regional and global trends in mean BMI segregated by place of residence (a rural or urban area) from 1985 to 2017. We show that, contrary to the dominant paradigm, more than 55 of the global rise in mean BMI from 1985 to 2017�and more than 80 in some low- and middle-income regions�was due to increases in BMI in rural areas. This large contribution stems from the fact that, with the exception of women in sub-Saharan Africa, BMI is increasing at the same rate or faster in rural areas than in cities in low- and middle-income regions. These trends have in turn resulted in a closing�and in some countries reversal�of the gap in BMI between urban and rural areas in low- and middle-income countries, especially for women. In high-income and industrialized countries, we noted a persistently higher rural BMI, especially for women. There is an urgent need for an integrated approach to rural nutrition that enhances financial and physical access to healthy foods, to avoid replacing the rural undernutrition disadvantage in poor countries with a more general malnutrition disadvantage that entails excessive consumption of low-quality calories. © 2019, The Author(s)

Caracterização espacial da atividade apícola na microrregião de campos do jordão, são paulo, brasil

This study aimed to generate a database related to the spatial distribution of hives and productivity of regional producers, through the Geographic Information System (GIS) using the Global Positioning System. To build the database of geographical information (GIS) software for processing of geo-referenced information was used. The microregion (4 municipalities and 54 beekeepers) shows concentrations (pockets) of beekeepers and hives in certain locations. Further studies are needed on the characteristics of the local flora for bees to infer about possible saturation of floral resources, since no differences were observed between honey production in apiaries isolated or inserted into the pockets. The GIS proved to be an efficient tool for monitoring the location and origin of regional production, and for planning the distribution of hives and apiaries and so, contribute to a better use of flora and improvement of productivity of the apiaries.Objetivou-se gerar uma base de dados rela- cionada à distribuição espacial, de colmeias e produtividade dos apicultores regionais, por meio do Sistema de Informações Geográficas (SIG) utilizando-se o Sistema de Posicionamento Global. Para a construção do banco de informações foi utilizado o software de processamento de informação georreferenciada. A microrregião (4 municípios e 54 apicultores) mostra concentrações (bolsões) de apicultores e de colmeias em deter- minadas localidades. São necessários mais estudos sobre a flora apícola local para se inferir sobre saturação de recursos para as abelhas, já que não foram observadas diferenças de produção entre os apiários isolados ou inseridos nos bolsões. O SIG mostrou-se eficiente para o mo- nitoramento da localização e procedência da produção regional e no planejamento da distribuição dos apiários e colmeias, podendo dessa forma contribuir para o melhor aproveitamento da flora local e melhoria da produtividade dos apiários

Physicochemical properties of propolis in function of seasonality and production method.

The aim of this work was to investigate monthly, for one year the seasonality effect on the physicochemical properties (dry weight, flavonoids contents, pH and antioxidant activity) of ethanolic extract (EAP) of propolis produced by three different techniques (intelligent propolis collector, plastic screen or scraping) fifteen colonies of africanized bees. No differences (p>0.05) in the physicochemical properties due to the technique of propolis production and seasonality were observed.O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da sazonalidade sobre algumas características físico-químicas (extrato seco, flavonóides totais, pH e atividade de oxidação) dos extratos alcoólicos (EAP) da própolis obtida mensalmente, durante um ano, por diferentes técnicas (coletor de própolis inteligente, tela plástica e raspagem) em quinze colméias de abelhas Apis mellifera africanizadas. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas (p>0,05) nas análises físico-químicas dos EAP, em função da sazonalidade e técnica de produção