Una revisión sistemática de la literatura sobre los costos del tratamiento para pacientes con Infarto Agudo de Miocardio

Objective: To analyze the costs treatment for patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) over the period from 2000 to 2016. Materials and methods: Systematic review of the literature on the costs of treatment for patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction in the period 2000-2016. We selected 30 scientific articles from the database Scielo, Medline, Redalyc, Springer Medizin and Lilacs, which met the inclusion criteria: articles published in Spanish, Portuguese or English from 2000 to 2016. To restrict the search of articles, we use the health descriptors: costs, myocardial infarction and cardiovascular, combining them with the Boolean operators ‘’AND’’, ‘’OR’’ and ‘’NOT’’. Of which, a sample of 11 articles was selected. Results: It was evidenced that a high percentage (63.6%) came from the Scielo database. According to the country of origin of the articles, it was identified that the highest percentage (36.4%) came from Colombia. Concerning the direct and indirect costs of patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) from an international perspective, the total estimated cost for Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) in 2011, including direct and indirect costs, is $1.26 million (US dollars are used throughout). In Colombia, the average cost of a case of AMI during the first five years after diagnosis is USD$8,786.9. Ambulatory management costs represent 54%. Conclusion: The costs of people with Acute Myocardial Infarction in both ambits, the international and national (Colombia) are significantly attributable by surgical interventions, treatment, hospital stay and post-diagnostic outpatient management

A systematic literature review of treatment costs for patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction

Objective: To analyze the costs treatment for patientswith Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) over the periodfrom 2000 to 2016.Materials and methods: Systematic review of the literatureon the costs of treatment for patients with AcuteMyocardial Infarction in the period 2000-2016. We selected30 scientific articles from the database Scielo, Medline,Redalyc, Springer Medizin and Lilacs, which met theinclusion criteria: articles published in Spanish, Portugueseor English from 2000 to 2016. To restrict the search ofarticles, we use the health descriptors: costs, myocardialinfarction and cardiovascular, combining them with theBoolean operators ‘’AND’’, ‘’OR’’ and ‘’NOT’’. Of which, asample of 11 articles was selected.Results: It was evidenced that a high percentage (63.6%)came from the Scielo database. According to the countryof origin of the articles, it was identified that the highestpercentage (36.4%) came from Colombia. Concerningthe direct and indirect costs of patients with Acute MyocardialInfarction (AMI) from an international perspective,the total estimated cost for Acute Coronary Syndrome(ACS) in 2011, including direct and indirect costs, is $1.26million (US dollars are used throughout). In Colombia, theaverage cost of a case of AMI during the first five years afterdiagnosis is USD$8,786.9. Ambulatory managementcosts represent 54%.Conclusion: The costs of people with Acute MyocardialInfarction in both ambits, the international and national(Colombia) are significantly attributable by surgical interventions,treatment, hospital stay and post-diagnosticoutpatient management

Overweight or Obesity: Serum Lipids in a University Population of Barranquilla Colombia

Introduction: According to the World Health Organization, overweight and obesity occur due to an abnormal or excessive accumulation of body fat that is harmful to health. During childhood and adolescence, risk factors such as dyslipidemia or obesity are detected, the maintenance of which in the adult stage has been verified, indicating that detection should be started as early as possible. It is necessary to carry out an anthropometric <- nutritional evaluation to detect a deficit or excess weight in time. A study on the topic of chronic non-communicable diseases in Colombia indicated that in 2014 more than 100,000 people died with ischemic and hemorrhagic cerebrovascular diseases (CVDs), cancer, DM and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), by being able to carry out early detections that will allow adequate prevention of secondary complications. Methodology: An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out with a population - sample of 36 university students of both sexes. After informed consent, those who met the inclusion criteria demanded by Bioimpedance included: weight, height, visceral fat, body fat, In addition to abdominal or waist circumference, hip and lipid profile: total cholesterol (CT), triglycerides (TG), HDLc, VLDLc. LDLc. Results: Overweight and obesity in the results of (BMI, Gf and FV)), found in young male and female sex with prevalence in the male sex group, and hyperlipidemias mainly in the female sex studied. Conclusion: High prevalence of CVD risk factors such as overweight, obesity, and hyperlipidemia in the female sex group

Concentrations of trace elements like copper and zinc in breast, cow's and goat's milk

Objetivo: Comparar las concentraciones de los oligoelementos cobre y zinc en la leche materna, de vaca y de cabra. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal. Se recogieron muestras de leche materna de madres lactantes sanas (91 mujeres) que asistieron a un centro materno infantil en la ciudad de Maracaibo-Venezuela. Previo consentimiento informado se seleccionaron madres que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. Las concentraciones de los oligoelementos en estudio, se determinaron mediante espectrofotometría de absorción atómica con llama. Resultados: En el análisis de la muestra de leche humana se hallaron concentraciones de cobre de 0,290 ± 0,04 mg/L y concentraciones de zinc de 1,580 ± 0,35 mg/L. Estos valores son considerados aceptables según la ingesta diaria de referencia para estos oligoelementos y fueron más elevada en muestras en leche de cabra según la literatura, mientras que las concentraciones de zinc en ambas leches (cabra y vaca), registradas por otros especialistas, fueron más elevadas que en la leche humana del presente estudio. Conclusiones: Las concentraciones de cobre y zinc halladas en la leche materna en este trabajo son las ingestas recomendadas para el desarrollo y madurez del sistema nervioso central del neonato.Objective: To compare the concentrations of trace elements like copper and zinc present in breast, cow's and goat's milk. Methods: Descriptive, cross sectional study. Samples of breast milk were collected from healthy lactating mothers (91 women) who attended a maternal and children health center in Maracaibo city, Venezuela. Mothers were selected prior informed consent who met the inclusion criteria. The concentrations of the studied trace elements were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry with flame. Results: In the analysis of the human milk´s sample, there were found concentrations of Cu (0.290 ± 0.04 mg/L) and concentrations of Zn (1.580 ± 0.35 mg/L). These levels are considered acceptable according to the permitted intake of trace elements and according to the literature, those are higher in goat milk´s samples, while concentrations of Zn in both milks (goat and cow), registered by other specialists were higher than in the human milk´s of the present study. Conclusions: The concentrations of copper and zinc found in breast milk are the recommended daily intake for the development and maturity of the central nervous system of the newborns

Anthropometric parameters regarding the nutritional status of schoolchildren

Objective. This study assesses the anthropometric parameters concerning the nutritional status of and establishes the prevalence of excessive weight, obesity, and malnutrition among schoolchildren in an educational institution on Colombia’s northern coast. Materials and methods. A quantitative correlational research was conducted. The sample included 556 children aged between 6 and 11 years (310 boys and 246 girls). Their weight, height, BMI, and nutritional status were evaluated, and the BMI/age variable (Z-score)was studied to determine the nutritional categories of underweight, normal, and excess weight (overweight and obese) through a descriptive analysis and analysis of variance (ANOVA) using an unbalanced factorial design. Results. Thinness and obesity cases were reported, with 21.43% (119/556) of the students experiencing some kind of nutritional disorder. Although no statistically significant differences were observed between the gender factor levels, ANOVA showed that male students tend to move farther from the expectedZ-scores. Conclusion: The average Z-score of young students is usually closer to the expected score, whereas that of older students is farthest from expectation, in addition to showing greater variability between measures

La ética del profesor religada a la formación en valores del estudiante. Mirada teórica

En los últimos 10 años, la ética ha sido explorada como base de la estructura humana, y los valores su forma concreta de aplicarla en la cotidianidad, en las prácticas pedagógicas. Con el objetivo de describir sistemáticamente cómo ha sido la formación en valores del estudiante universitario, se hizo una revisión teórica sobre formación ética de los profesores que tienen esta labor, utilizando bases de datos digitales para luego compilar la información relevante de investigaciones científicas. Así, teniendo el escenario ideal en la formación ética que da la práctica pedagógica, los valores, en tanto eje central de la educación universitaria, requieren la formación humana de los profesores para el logro del objetivo misional de cualquier institución cuyo fundamento sea la formación de seres humanos en una sociedad que atiende el robustecimiento de la virtud ética renacida en la conciencia planetaria. Por lo tanto, el profesor es el protagonista principal en la formación de valores, pues según sea su actuar ejemplar, vocación, motivación, actitud y compromiso de vida, así va a ser seguido por los estudiantes. AbstractDuring the last 10 years, ethics has been explored as basis of human structure and its values as the practical way to apply them in everyday life of teaching practices, for that reason, it was necessary to make theoretical reviews, and check research results with the objective addressed to describe systematically how has been the values education in university students under the framework of the scientific review about the ethical formation of teachers formation. This exploration was conducted using digital databases and then compiles the relevant information from scientific research. The results showed that pedagogical practices are the ideal space for the ethics formation, where values are the central axis of college education and require in first measure human formation of professors to achieve the mission objective of any institution that has as foundation the human beings formation toward a rebirth society in planetary consciousness. Thus, professor is the main protagonist in the formation of values and the way how he acts, and how his dedication, motivation, attitude and commitment contributes to be identified as living example to follow by his students

La ética del profesor religada a la formación en valores del estudiante. Mirada teórica

<p>En los últimos 10 años, la ética ha sido explorada como base de la estructura humana, y los valores su forma concreta de aplicarla en la cotidianidad, en las prácticas pedagógicas. Con el objetivo de describir sistemáticamente cómo ha sido la formación en valores del estudiante universitario, se hizo una revisión teórica sobre formación ética de los profesores que tienen esta labor, utilizando bases de datos digitales para luego compilar la información relevante de investigaciones científicas. Así, teniendo el escenario ideal en la formación ética que da la práctica pedagógica, los valores, en tanto eje central de la educación universitaria, requieren la formación humana de los profesores para el logro del objetivo misional de cualquier institución cuyo fundamento sea la formación de seres humanos en una sociedad que atiende el robustecimiento de la virtud ética renacida en la conciencia planetaria. Por lo tanto, el profesor es el protagonista principal en la formación de valores, pues según sea su actuar ejemplar, vocación, motivación, actitud y compromiso de vida, así va a ser seguido por los estudiantes.</p><p> </p><p>Abstract<br />During the last 10 years, ethics has been explored as basis of human structure and its values as the practical way to apply them in everyday life of teaching practices, for that reason, it was necessary to make theoretical reviews, and check research results with the objective addressed to describe systematically how has been the values education in university students under the framework of the scientific review about the ethical formation of teachers formation. This exploration was conducted using digital databases and then compiles the relevant information from scientific research. The results showed that pedagogical practices are the ideal space for the ethics formation, where values are the central axis of college education and require in first measure human formation of professors to achieve the mission objective of any institution that has as foundation the human beings formation toward a rebirth society in planetary consciousness. Thus, professor is the main protagonist in the formation of values and the way how he acts, and how his dedication, motivation, attitude and commitment contributes to be identified as living example to follow by his students.</p

Hábitos alimentarios en el adulto mayor con hipertensión arterial

Introducci&oacute;n: La hipertensi&oacute;n arterial es la m&aacute;s frecuente de las condiciones que afectan la salud de las personas adultas en todas partes del mundo. En la poblaci&oacute;n colombiana encontramos que la enfermedad hipertensiva ocupa el cuarto lugar de mortalidad en mayores de 65 a&ntilde;os. Objetivo: Determinar los h&aacute;bitos alimentarios en los adultos mayores con hipertensi&oacute;n arterial que asisten al subcentro de salud de salamanca Soledad 2018.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Material y m&eacute;todo: estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo, prospectivo. La poblaci&oacute;n y la muestra la conformaron 50 personas asistente al subcentro de salud, de un municipio del departamento del Atl&aacute;ntico 2018. Para recolectar los datos se utiliz&oacute; un cuestionario, sometido al juicio de expertos para determinar la validez de este, los datos fueron analizados y procesados en el programa estad&iacute;stico SPSS&reg; Versi&oacute;n 23. Y los resultados fueron presentados en frecuencia y porcentajes. Resultados: Se evidencio que el 40% de los pacientes se encuentran entre los 49-54 a&ntilde;os de edad, 58% g&eacute;nero femenino, 66% casado, y el 52% con nivel de escolaridad secundaria, con respecto a los h&aacute;bitos alimentarios, el 70% de las personas s&iacute; cocina normalmente en su casa, el 44% habitualmente ingieren sal, cubitos de caldos para condimentar, 50% consume productos enlatados, 60% ingiere embutidos, 56% no ingiere jugos, 82% consume pan, 46% botanas. 100% consume frutas.&nbsp; Conclusi&oacute;n: los h&aacute;bitos alimentarios en esta poblaci&oacute;n con hipertensi&oacute;n son inadecuados debido al alto consumo cal&oacute;rico de sal y alimentos no saludable

A systematic literature review of treatment costs for patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction

Objective: To analyze the costs treatment for patientswith Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) over the periodfrom 2000 to 2016.Materials and methods: Systematic review of the literatureon the costs of treatment for patients with AcuteMyocardial Infarction in the period 2000-2016. We selected30 scientific articles from the database Scielo, Medline,Redalyc, Springer Medizin and Lilacs, which met theinclusion criteria: articles published in Spanish, Portugueseor English from 2000 to 2016. To restrict the search ofarticles, we use the health descriptors: costs, myocardialinfarction and cardiovascular, combining them with theBoolean operators &lsquo;&rsquo;AND&rsquo;&rsquo;, &lsquo;&rsquo;OR&rsquo;&rsquo; and &lsquo;&rsquo;NOT&rsquo;&rsquo;. Of which, asample of 11 articles was selected.Results: It was evidenced that a high percentage (63.6%)came from the Scielo database. According to the countryof origin of the articles, it was identified that the highestpercentage (36.4%) came from Colombia. Concerningthe direct and indirect costs of patients with Acute MyocardialInfarction (AMI) from an international perspective,the total estimated cost for Acute Coronary Syndrome(ACS) in 2011, including direct and indirect costs, is $1.26million (US dollars are used throughout). In Colombia, theaverage cost of a case of AMI during the first five years afterdiagnosis is USD$8,786.9. Ambulatory managementcosts represent 54%.Conclusion: The costs of people with Acute MyocardialInfarction in both ambits, the international and national(Colombia) are significantly attributable by surgical interventions,treatment, hospital stay and post-diagnosticoutpatient management

Levels of copper and zinc in different stages of breast milk and the influence of the nutritional state of nursing mothers

La leche humana materna tiene una composición única para proporcionar a los recién nacidos todos los nutrientes esenciales como proteínas, grasas, hidratos de carbono, minerales, vitaminas y otras substancias fisiológicamente activas, con el fin de suplir en cantidad y calidad las necesidades calóricas y nutricionales del lactante. El objetivo fue establecer las concentraciones totales de cobre y zinc en la leche materna en sus distintas etapas: calostro, de transición y madura, determinadas espectrométricamente y la influencia del estado nutricional de madres lactantes; estudio descriptivo transversal en madres entre 18 y 35 años, sanas y no fumadoras; los resultados evidencian una disminución en las concentraciones de cobre y zinc a medida que la lactancia va evolucionando, además, el promedio de índice de masa corporal de las madres en período de lactancia reflejaron sobrepeso. Concluimos que el contenido calórico de los oligoelementos de la leche materna es esencial para el crecimiento de los niños por los beneficios nutricionales e inmunológicos que proporciona, por lo que es importante que la madre se encuentre en un estado nutricional adecuado que permita suministrar los requerimientos adecuados al niño para su crecimiento y desarrollo.Human milk has a unique composition and provides newborns with all essential nutrients such as proteins, fats, carbohydrates, minerals, vitamins and other physiologically active substances, in order to supply in quantity and quality the caloric and nutritional needs of the infant. The objective of this study was to establish the total concentration of copper and zinc in breast milk in its different stages: colostrum, transitional and mature milk, determined spectrometrically and the influence of the nutritional status of nursing mothers. We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study in healthy non-smoking mothers between 18 and 35 years of age. Lower concentrations of copper and zinc as lactation progressed were observed. The average of body mass index of nursing mothers reflected overweight. We concludes that the caloric content of the trace elements of breast milk is essential for the growth of children because of the nutritional and immunological benefits that it provides, so it is important that the mother has an adequate nutritional state that allows to supply the adequate requirements for the child to grow and develop