Study of burst mode for enhancing the ps-laser cutting performance of lithium-ion battery electrodes

The demand for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) has increased significantly, leading to an increased focus on high quality production methods. In response to this growing demand, laser technology has been increasingly used for electrode notching and cutting. In addition, the advent of high-power ultrashort lasers equipped with burst mode capabilities represents a promising option for electrode cutting of LIBs. On the other hand, these types of lasers for this purpose are relatively unexplored in the literature. This study investigates the effect of various parameters, including the number of pulses per burst (ranging from 1 to 8), the pulse repetition rate (200.0, 550.3, and 901.0 kHz), and the burst shape (equal pulse peak and increasing pulse peak), on the laser cutting process of aluminum foil, cathode, copper foil, and anode. The results indicate that increasing the number of pulses per burst and the pulse repetition rate improves productivity and quality for all materials, with a more significant effect observed for metal foil than for cathode and anode materials due to the different laser-material interactions for metal foil and active material. The burst shape with equal pulse peaks was found to be a more suitable temporal distribution for cutting all materials compared to an increasing pulse peak distribution. The ablation efficiency was evaluated as a function of the peak fluence of a single pulse within the burst. The results emphasize that higher productivity at higher average power can be achieved by increasing the pulse repetition rate toward the MHz range with moderate pulse energies

Comparison between Personality Traits and Hope among Female-headed Households with or without Tendency towards Remarriage

Background and Objective: The phenomenon of female-headed households is a social reality, that it can be seen today in most countries due to the various reasons. Female-headed households are the most vulnerable members of society. Therefore, the aim of current study was to compare the personality traits and hope among female-headed households with and without trend towards remarriage.Materials and Methods: This study is a descriptive comparative research. The 140 female-headed households (25-50 ages) with tendency towards marriage (n=70) and without tendency towards marriage (n=70) were chosen through cluster simple in Tehran in 2015. The measuring instruments are State Hope Scale Snyder (1991) and NEO Five-Factor Inventory (FFI-NEO). Data was analyzed utilizing t independent.Results: The results showed that there was significant difference between neuroticism (P=0.047), extraversion (P=0.006), openness (P=0.001) female-headed households with and without tendency towards marriage. Additionally, the significant difference was not observed between agreeableness (P= 0.88), conscientiousness (P= 0.149) and hope (P= 0.65) among female-headed households with and without tendency towards marriage.Conclusion: These findings indicated there was a more tendency towards marriage in female-headed households with extraversion and openness and female-headed households with the neuroticism has less tendency towards marriage. Hence, it should be considered the educational program to enhance the extraversion and openness remarriage among female-headed households in order to change the attitude towards and finally to reduce social and individual problems.</p

Estimating the Demand Function of Specialty Medicines in Iran, Using Household Budget– 2013

Background: Owing to the growing importance of medicines in treatment of diseases, as well as their role as alternatives for expensive and often unsafe procedures; economic examination of factors associated with their demand is necessary. Hence, this study aimed at exploring factors affecting the demand of specialty medicines. Methods: In this descriptive-analytic study, data was collected from questionnaires completed by 280 patients with multiple sclerosis, hemophilia, thalassemia, and chronic kidney disease. Then data was entered into Stata 12 and after estimating the model, by using the Probit model, their final effect was evaluated. Results: We found that patient need (ME=0.858), deterioration of patient health (ME =-0.001), situation of house ownership (ME =-0.002), gender (ME =-0.048), income (ME =-0.001), education (ME =-0.002) and job (ME =-0.001) are significant variables that affect demand for specialty drugs. Health insurance coverage (P =0.631) had no significant correlation with demand. Conclusion: Consideration of factors affecting patients’ need can help policy makers in anticipation of special patients’ need to specialty drugs. Also demand can be manipulated by working on some patients’ characteristics such as their education level. Keywords: Demand, Specialty medicines, Probit model, Marginal effec

Design and modeling of photonic crystal Absorber by using Gold and graphene films

A novel absorber based on a one-dimensional photoniccrystal (PhC) is proposed by combining the absorptionproperty of gold and graphene films. We designed twophotonic crystals consisting of silicon and silicondioxide layers with lattice constants 125 and 260 thatalternate in one dimension. We placed a 125-nanometerthicklayer of graphene between the two photoniccrystals and an 8-nanometer-thick layer of gold at theend of the second photonic crystal. When graphene isplaced between two photonic crystals, a topological edgemode excitation creates a strong absorptionenhancement. In this study, the absorbing spectrums andfield distribution are analyzed by using the transfermatrix and the 2.5 dimensional variational finitedifference time domain method (2.5 var.FDTD). Theabsorption spectrum for different angles was studied(θ=0 to 60), and more than 87 percent absorption can bemaintained for θ =40°. The results of our studies willenhance the interaction between light and matter. Thus,opening up the possibility of their application for theabsorption and modulation of ligh

Ni(II), Cu(II), AND Zn(II) COMPLEXES DERIVED FROM A NEW SCHIFF BASE 2-(( Z

Synthesis, spectral identification, and magnetic properties of three complexes of Ni(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II) are described. All three compounds have the general formula [M(L)2(H2O)2], where L = deprotonated phenol in the Schiff base 2-((z)-(3-methylpyridin-2-yleimino)methyl)phenol. The three complexes were synthesized in a one-step synthesis and characterized by elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, electronic spectra, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and room temperature magnetic moments. The Cu(II) and Ni(II) complexes exhibited room temperature magnetic moments of 1.85 B.M. per copper atom and 2.96 B.M. per nickel atom. The X-band electron spin resonance spectra of a Cu(II) sample in dimethylformamide frozen at 77 K (liquid nitrogen temperature) showed a typical ΔMS = ± 1 transition. The complexes ([M(L)2(H2O)2]) were investigated by the cyclic voltammetry technique, which provided information regarding the electrochemical mechanism of redox behavior of the compounds. Thermal decomposition of the complexes at 750 ºC resulted in the formation of metal oxide nanoparticles. XRD analyses indicated that the nanoparticles had a high degree of crystallinity. The average sizes of the nanoparticles were found to be approximately 54.3, 30.1, and 44.4 nm for NiO, CuO, and ZnO, respectively