IS BITCOIN IMMUNE TO THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC?

This study examines how Bitcoin’s trading characteristics react to the COVID-19 pandemic, using detailed futures trading data from the Chicago Mercantile Exchange. The results show that volume-weighted Bitcoin futures return responds positively to the spikes of public interest. Meanwhile, the surges of pandemic information do not harm market quality. Volume, bid-ask spread, and trading frequency remain stable, indicating that the positive price reaction is not a result of a few small uninformed trades. Bitcoin's conditional beta on the S&P 500 index drops to near zero, while the conditional beta on gold more than doubles. These results indicate that traders have been using Bitcoin as a safe-haven asset after the pandemic outbreak

THE ROLE OF LAND TAX IN THE EFFECTIVE LAND USED

Abstract. This article presents the main approaches to ensuring the effective use of land from the point of view of taxation. The implementation of the regulatory function of land tax is due to its economic essence. Land tax is a direct tax, which is related to the economic potential of the taxpayer. The impact on land tax elements plays an important role in effective land use. Taxpayers are interested in strict compliance with the purpose of land plots, as the size of their tax liabilities depends on it. The analysis of land tax revenues to the budget system of Russia is made, the role of land tax in the revenues of local budgets is demonstrated, the factors affecting the dynamics of land tax revenues are identified. The actual aspects of the practice of calculation and payment of land tax by legal entities and individuals on the example of administrative-territorial units of the Republic of Tatarstan are considered. Conclusions are drawnabout the need for further improvement of land taxation. The proposed solutions to the problems of calculation of land tax are associated with the revision of benefits. Benefits should encourage effective use of land. This will allow the budgets of local authorities to stimulate the growth of the tax base for land tax, strengthen their own revenue sources and strengthen financial independence.Keywords: land resources, land use, land taxation, local authorities, local budget, land tax, tax benefits

TAX REGULATION TOOLS OF HOUSEHOLD INCOME

Abstract. The article deals with the main directions of tax regulation of entrepreneurial activity of households. The definition of households is given, the signs of entrepreneurial activity of the household and types of households are distinguished. The main tools of tax regulation of business activity of households are presented, the necessity of their active use for stimulation of secondary employment, increase of welfare of families and reduction of unemployment is proved. The theoretical and practical aspects of household taxation are analyzed from the point of view of the strategically oriented approach. Studies of household income tax regulation tools have led to conclusions about their high efficiency and indirect impact on business activity. The trends in reducing the number of households engaged inbusiness activity are identified, and the directions of using the tools of tax regulation in order to improve the taxation system of business activities of individuals are proposed. Separately, the article considers peasant farms and analyzes the tax regimes for them, conclusions are made about the advantages of the transition to a special tax regime in the form of payment of a uniform agricultural tax. Thepositive experience of tax regulation of business activity in the world practice is generalizedKeywords: instruments of tax regulation, households, peasant farms, tax regimes, special tax regi

THE ARCHETYPE OF THE FOOL/THE JESTER/THE WHACKY AND ITS ARTISTIC EMBODIMENT IN THE CHARACTERS – “OUTSIDERS” IN SERGEI DOVLATOV’S PROSE

Abstract. The article deals with the fiction by Sergey Dovlatov, the famous Russian-American writer and journalist of the last third of the 20th century. The main aim of the article is to show the influence of the Russian folklore on the formation of the leading type of characters in Dovlatov’s prose. The paper shows that this type, which received in criticism the name of “Dovlatov’s outsiders”, is the realization of the archetype of the fool/the jester/the whacky, widespread in Russian and world folklore, a kind of variation of the fairy-tale “hopeless hero”. On examples ofS. Dovlatov’s story “Pushkin Hills”, his collections of short stories “Ours” and “The Compromise”, the authors study not only the genesis of this type of characters but also their functions in the literary text, the impact on the content of works and readers’ perception. Much attention is attributed to the mechanisms of humor in Dovlatov’s texts. His characters are rebels and outlaws, whackies and jesters at the same time. They cannot “integrate” into the Soviet reality and destabilize it with their clownish behavior. The analysis of his prose shows that S. Dovlatov’s characters, and the humorous world in general, have an emphatically symbolic character. Therefore, the authors of the article, along with the traditional for the study of Dovlatov’s stories historical and genetic approach, involved mythological and structural- semiotic methods that contribute to the consideration of the symbolic nature of humor and its counter-sign function in the literary text.Keywords: Sergei Dovlatov, humor, Russian prose of the 20th century, folklore, archetype, semiosphere, “outsiders”, good sense of humor, whacky, absurd

Proteotoxic stress induced by Autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus infection of Spodoptera frugiperda Sf9 cells

AbstractBaculovirus AcMNPV causes proteotoxicity in Sf9 cells as revealed by accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins and aggresomes in the course of infection. Inhibition of proteasomes by lactacystin increased markedly the stock of ubiquitinated proteins indicating a primary role of proteasomes in detoxication. The proteasomes were present in Sf9 cells as 26S and 20S complexes whose protease activity did not change during infection. Proteasome inhibition caused a delay in the initiation of viral DNA replication suggesting an important role of proteasomes at early stages in infection. However, lactacystin did not affect ongoing replication indicating that active proteasomes are not required for genome amplification. At late stages in infection (24–48hpi), aggresomes containing the ubiquitinated proteins and HSP/HSC70s showed gradual fusion with the vacuole-like structures identified as lysosomes by antibody to cathepsin D. This result suggests that lysosomes may assist in protection against proteotoxicity caused by baculoviruses absorbing the ubiquitinated proteins

SOCIO-PSYCHOLOGICAL SPACE OF KOMSOMOLSK-ON-AMUR AMONG YOUNG PEOPLE WITH DIFFERENT MIGRATION INTENTIONS

Тема, цель работы. Основной темой нашего исследования выступали особенности эмоционального отношения к людям, объектам и явлениям социально-психологического пространства города г. Комсомольска-на-Амуре у молодежи с разными миграционными намерениями.Метод и методологию проведения работы. В исследовании приняли участие 130 жителей города в возрасте 16–25 лет, разделенные на три группы: не собирающиеся менять место жительства, намеренные уехать из города при первой возможности и допускающие возможность переезда при определенных условиях. Для оценки эмоционального отношения к различным объектам социально-психологического пространства и изучения его структуры респондентам был предложен проективный модифицированный психогеометрический тест С. Деллингер. Исследование выстроено по типу репертуарной решетки, объектами оценки для респондентов выступали различные структурные компоненты социально-психологического пространства: коммуникативная сфера, возможности профессиональной и личностной самореализации, временные перспективы и территориальная идентичность испытуемых.Результаты и выводы. Анализ результатов показал, что молодежь с выраженными миграционными намерениями более негативно относится к Дальневосточному региону, его населению и своей настоящей жизни. Данная группа молодежи пространство города рассматривает как неэффективное для самореализации и саморазвития в настоящем и будущем и не идентифицирует себя с территорией проживания. Молодежь, которая хочет остаться в городе, рассматривает его как эффективное пространство для самореализации и саморазвития, имеет сформированную территориальную идентичность, позитивно относится к своей настоящей жизни, месту проживания и населению города.Область применения результатов. Результаты исследования могут быть применены в сфере проектирования социальной инфраструктуры, планирования молодежной и миграционной политики при реализации «Стратегии социально-экономического развития муниципального образования городского округа «Город Комсомольск-на-Амуре» до 2032 года».The article presents a research of the structure of the socio-psychological space of Komsomolsk-on-Amur among young people with different migration intentions. 130 16–25 year-old residents from Komsomolsk-on-Amur took part in this research. They were divided into three groups: those who were going to change their place of residence, those who intended to leave the city at the first opportunity and those who allowed for the possibility of moving under certain conditions.To assess attitude of young people toward different socio-psychological space and to study its structure, a projective modified psychological geometric test by S. Dellinger was used. The study is presented in the form of a repertory grid. The objects of assessment for the respondents were various aspects of the socio-psychological space, which characterized its communicative sphere, possibility of professional and personal self-realization, temporarily prospects and territorial identity of the subjects.The analysis of the results showed that young people with certain migration intentions had more negative attitude to the Far East region, its population and their own real life. This group of young people considers the space of the city as inefficient for self-realization and self-development in the present and future and does not identify itself with the territory of residence.Young people who want to stay in the city, consider it as an effective space for self-realization and self-development. They have a formed territorial identity, positive attitude to their real life, to the place of residence and the population of the city.The results of the research can be applied in the field of youth policy design

Genetic variations among pacific herring (<i>Clupea pallasii Val</i>.) from the Okhotsk Sea and Lake Ainskoye by microsatellite loci

Genetic variation among spawning groups of pacific herring from different spawning grounds in the northwestern Okhotsk Sea and Lake Ainskoye (Sakhalin Island) is assessed by 11 microsatellite loci. All loci were polymorphic. Genetic differentiation of the herring from the Okhotsk Sea was statistically significant, the pairwise genetic differentiation FST varied in the range of 0.0-0.4 that suggested existence of at least two local stocks. The herring from Lake Ainskoye was clearly different from the Okhotsk Sea herring

Genomic signatures of freshwater adaptation in Pacific herring (Clupea pallasii)

Pacific herring (Clupea pallasii) is an essential target of commercial fishing in the North Pacific Ocean. Previous studies have suggested the existence of marine and lake ecological forms of this species within its range. The lake ecological form of herring has a shortened life cycle, spending the winter and spawning in brackish waters near the shoreline without long migrations for feed-ing; it also has a relatively smaller body size than the marine form. Genetic-based studies have shown that brackish water Pacific herring not only can be distinguished as a separate lake eco-logical form but possibly has its genetic legacy. Here, as part of an ongoing study, using ddRAD-sequencing data for marine and lake ecological forms from a total of 54 individuals and methods of comparative bioinformatics, we describe genomic signatures of freshwater adaptivity in Pacific herring. In total, 253 genes containing discriminating SNPs were found, and part of those genes was organized into genome clusters, also known as “genomic islands of divergence”. Moreover, the Tajima’s D test showed that these loci are under directional selection in the lake populations of the Pacific herring. Yet, most discriminating loci between the lake and marine eco-logical forms of Pacific herring do not intersect (by gene name) with those in other known marine fish species with known freshwater/brackish populations. However, some are associated with the same physiological trait—osmoregulation.publishedVersio

Lack of Response to Imatinib in Melanoma Carrying Rare KIT Mutation р.T632I

Approximately 15% of acral and mucous melanomas carry activating mutations in KIT oncogene. There is a diversity of spectrum of KIT mutations, with some of them rendering tumors responsive to imatinib, while others being imatinib-resistant or not studied yet. Here we present an acral melanoma patient with KIT р.T632I mutation, who failed to respond to imatinib