6,908 research outputs found
Bacteriophages and their structural organisation
Viruses are extremely small infectious particles that are not visible in a light microscope, and
are able to pass through fine porcelain filters. They exist in a huge variety of forms and
infect practically all living systems: animals, plants, insects and bacteria. All viruses have a
genome, typically only one type of nucleic acid, but it could be one or several molecules of
DNA or RNA, which is surrounded by a protective stable coat (capsid) and sometimes by
additional layers which may be very complex and contain carbohydrates, lipids, and
additional proteins. The viruses that have only a protein coat are named “naked”, or non-
enveloped viruses. Many viruses have an envelope (enveloped viruses) that wraps around
the protein capsid. This envelope is formed from a lipid membrane of the host cell during
the release of a virus out of the cell
Ground-state multiquantum vortices in rotating two-species superfluids
We show numerically that a rotating, harmonically trapped mixture of two
Bose-Einstein-condensed superfluids can, contrary to its single-species
counterpart, contain a multiply quantized vortex in the ground state of the
system. This giant vortex can occur without any accompanying single-quantum
vortices, may either be coreless or have an empty core, and can be realized in
a Rb-K Bose-Einstein condensate. Our results not only provide a
rare example of a stable, solitary multiquantum vortex but also reveal exotic
physics stemming from the coexistence of multiple, compositionally distinct
condensates in one system.Comment: 6 pages, 4 color figures; identical in content to the published
articl
Deep Integration with the EU and its Likely Impact on Selected ENP Countries and Russia
Deep Integration with the EU and its Likely Impact on Selected ENP Countries and Russia Abstract: The aim of this study is to estimate the impact of the removal of NTBs in trade between the EU and its selected CIS partners: Russia, Ukraine, Georgia, Armenia and Azerbaijan (CIS5). The report includes a discussion of methodologies of measurement of non-tariff barriers and the impact of their removal, including a review of previous studies focusing on CEE and CIS regions. Further, we employ a computable general equilibrium model encompassing the following three pillars of trade facilitation: legislative and regulatory approximation, reform of customs rules and procedures and liberalization of the access of foreign providers of services. We conclude that a reduction of NTBs and improved access to the EU market would bring significant benefits to the CIS5 countries in terms of welfare gains, GDP growth, increases in real wages and expansion of international trade. The possible welfare implications of deep integration with the EU range from 5.8% of GDP in Ukraine to sizeable expected gains in Armenia (3.1%), Russia (2.8%), Azerbaijan (1.8%) and Georgia (1.7%).Institutional harmonization, European integration, European Neighborhood Policy, ENP, non-tariff barriers, NTBs, Computable General Equilibrium, CGE model
Skyrmionic vortex lattices in coherently coupled three-component Bose-Einstein condensates
We show numerically that a harmonically trapped and coherently Rabi-coupled
three-component Bose-Einstein condensate can host unconventional vortex
lattices in its rotating ground state. The discovered lattices incorporate
square and zig-zag patterns, vortex dimers and chains, and doubly quantized
vortices, and they can be quantitatively classified in terms of a skyrmionic
topological index, which takes into account the multicomponent nature of the
system. The exotic ground-state lattices arise due to the intricate interplay
of the repulsive density-density interactions and the Rabi couplings as well as
the ubiquitous phase frustration between the components. In the frustrated
state, domain walls in the relative phases can persist between some components
even at strong Rabi coupling, while vanishing between others. Consequently, in
this limit the three-component condensate effectively approaches a
two-component condensate with only density-density interactions. At
intermediate Rabi coupling strengths, however, we face unique vortex physics
that occurs neither in the two-component counterpart nor in the purely
density-density-coupled three-component system.Comment: 13 pages, 16 color figures; v2 is identical in content to the
published articl
JOB BUILDER remote batch processing subsystem
The functions of the JOB BUILDER remote batch processing subsystem are described. Instructions are given for using it as a component of a display system developed by personnel of the System Programming Laboratory, Institute of Space Research, USSR Academy of Sciences
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