Making fish skin pattern-based garments: developing digital tools for the fashion industry based on Ainu fish skin robes and Japanese Kimono Patterns

Before the invention of synthetic fibres, people dressed in natural materials available in their environment such as skins and hides from local wildlife. The use of fish skin to create articles of clothing is an ancient tradition shared by Arctic societies along rivers and coasts, amongst them the Ainu Indigenous Peoples of Hokkaido Island (Japan). In this research we propose to use fish skin, a waste product of the food industry, as raw material for the fashion industry under the principles of zero waste. Throughout this project we recreated an Ainu fish skin robe, using digital tools and the material itself, as a means for gaining knowledge and experimenting with the use of fish skin for garment construction. The idea behind the project draws on the Ainu Indigenous Peoples’ subsistence resourcefulness and their heritage, with regards to traditional fish skin craft practices. The project thus connects between anthropology, ethnography, and craftsmanship with current interest in fashion sustainability, advanced digital technologies, and contemporary production processes in fashion. The Ainu garment is part of a study that hypothesises what would have happened if, during the Meji era, the Japanese, instead of making the Ainu shift from fishing to farming, had brought their own traditions, such as Katazome indigo dyeing, and blended them with the Ainu tradition of creating clothing from fish skin. The projects presented in this paper include a combination of different digital technologies and applications which were used to create a contemporary replica of an Ainu fish skin robe using a Japanese katazome indigo pattern. Firstly, we used the shape of an Ainu robe to create a fish skin module as a building block, and tested its relevancy for contemporary pattern making, and later introduced parametric design tools to test zero waste principals. We then used digital animation software to create an Ainu avatar and to recreate the fish skin garment situated in a virtual digital context. Finally following the digitally created garment, we have physically dyed in indigo the fish skins with Katazome stencils and lastly sewed a replica of the fish skin robe. The project aims to preserve traditional Ainu fish skin knowledge and introduce new advanced digital technology to enable the design and production of zero-waste fish skins for fashion

A Deleterious Mutation in SAMD9 Causes Normophosphatemic Familial Tumoral Calcinosis

Familial tumoral calcinosis (FTC) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by the progressive deposition of calcified masses in cutaneous and subcutaneous tissues, which results in painful ulcerative lesions and severe skin and bone infections. Two major types of FTC have been recognized: hyperphosphatemic FTC (HFTC) and normophosphatemic FTC (NFTC). HFTC was recently shown to result from mutations in two different genes: GALNT3, which codes for a glycosyltransferase, and FGF23, which codes for a potent phosphaturic protein. To determine the molecular cause of NFTC, we performed homozygosity mapping in five affected families of Jewish Yemenite origin and mapped NFTC to 7q21-7q21.3. Mutation analysis revealed a homozygous mutation in the SAMD9 gene (K1495E), which was found to segregate with the disease in all families and to interfere with the protein expression. Our data suggest that SAMD9 is involved in the regulation of extraosseous calcification, a process of considerable importance in a wide range of diseases as common as atherosclerosis and autoimmune disorders

A Mutation in SNAP29, Coding for a SNARE Protein Involved in Intracellular Trafficking, Causes a Novel Neurocutaneous Syndrome Characterized by Cerebral Dysgenesis, Neuropathy, Ichthyosis, and Palmoplantar Keratoderma

Neurocutaneous syndromes represent a vast, largely heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by neurological and dermatological manifestations, reflecting the common embryonic origin of epidermal and neural tissues. In the present report, we describe a novel neurocutaneous syndrome characterized by cerebral dysgenesis, neuropathy, ichthyosis, and keratoderma (CEDNIK syndrome). Using homozygosity mapping in two large families, we localized the disease gene to 22q11.2 and identified, in all patients, a 1-bp deletion in SNAP29, which codes for a SNARE protein involved in vesicle fusion. SNAP29 expression was decreased in the skin of the patients, resulting in abnormal maturation of lamellar granules and, as a consequence, in mislocation of epidermal lipids and proteases. These data underscore the importance of vesicle trafficking regulatory mechanisms for proper neuroectodermal differentiation