The impact of concurrent pelvic organ prolapse reconstructive surgery on midurethral sling procedure outcome

 Objectives: To evaluate the effect of concurrent pelvic organ prolapse (POP) reconstructive surgery on midurethral sling (MUS) procedure outcome. Material and methods: The present retrospective study included 300 women with urodynamically diagnosed stress urinary incontinence that underwent MUS procedures with or without concurrent POP reconstructive surgery. Patients were divided into four groups according to the performed surgery; 1) transobturator tape (TOT), 2) TOT with POP surgery (anterior colporrhaphy, posterior colporrhaphy and vaginal hysterectomy), 3) tension free vaginal tape (TVT), 4) TVT with POP surgery. Outcomes of surgeries for each group were evaluated postoperatively at the end of the first and sixth month by performing a cough stress test and also using the Incontinence Impact Questionnaire-7 (IIQ-7) and Urogenital Distress Inventory (UDI-6) questionnaires. Presence of a negative cough stress test was defined as “Cure”. Multivariate regression was used to identify the parameters for surgical failure. Results: Forty-two, 70, 49 and 139 women underwent isolated TOT, concurrent TOT and POP, isolated TVT and concurrent TVT and POP surgery, respectively. Postoperative UDI-6 score and postoperative cure rate were significantly higher in the only TOT group as compared to the TOT + POP group. However, in multiple regression analysis, women’s age, parity, body mass index, menopausal status, preoperative urodynamic parameters, MUS types and presence of any concomitant POP reconstructive surgery were found to have no significant effect on surgical outcome. Conclusions: Concurrent POP reconstructive surgery including anterior colporrhaphy, posterior colporrhaphy and vaginal hysterectomy have no affect MUS procedure outcomes

3-[2-(4,4-Dimethyl-2,6-dioxocyclo­hexyl­idene)hydrazin­yl]benzonitrile

The title compound, C15H15N3O2, contains benzonitrile and 4,4-dimethyl-2,6-dioxocyclo­hexyl­idene groups connected via a hydrazinyl group. The structure is in the hydrazone tautomeric form in the solid state. The benzonitrile and hydrazinyl groups (3-hydrazinylbenzonitrile) are essentially coplanar with an r.m.s. deviation of 0.016 Å. Intra­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonding helps to stabilize the mol­ecular structure, and weak inter­molecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonding is present in the crystal structure

Factors That Affect the False-Negative Outcomes of Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy in Thyroid Nodules

Background. The purpose of this study was to assess the factors that affect the false-negative outcomes of fine-needle aspiration biopsies (FNABs) in thyroid nodules. Methods. Thyroid nodules that underwent FNAB and surgery between August 2005 and January 2012 were analyzed. FNABs were taken from the suspicious nodules regardless of nodule size. Results. Nodules were analyzed in 2 different groups: Group 1 was the false-negatives (n=81) and Group 2 was the remaining true-positives, true-negatives, and false-positives (n=649). A cytopathologist attended in 559 (77%) of FNAB procedures. There was a positive correlation between the nodule size and false-negative rates, and the absence of an interpreting cytopathologist for the examination of the FNAB procedure was the most significant parameter with a 76-fold increased risk of false-negative results. Conclusion. The contribution of cytopathologists extends the time of the procedure, and this could be a difficult practice in centres with high patient turnovers. We currently request the contribution of a cytopathologist for selected patients whom should be followed up without surgery

Use of PCR-RFLP Analysis of mtDNA Cytochrome-b Gene to Determine Genetic Differences in Capoeta spp.

Genetic differences between Capoeta capoeta capoeta, Capoeta capoeta umbla, and Capoeta tinca were determined using PCR-RFLP of mtDNA cytochrome-b (Cyt-b) by amplifying approxi- mately 400-500 bp of this region from each of the three subspecies. The restriction enzymes SpeI and HinfI did not indicate genetic differences but AluI and HpaII did. Thus, PCR-RFLP of the mtDNA was used to distinguish between closely related subspecies without having to ana- lyze the entire DNA sequence of specimens. Use of this technique demonstrated that the Cyt-b regions of the three subspecies have different base sequences. The similarity between C. c. capoeta and C. c. umbla is 71.4% while C. tinca is more distant (50% for C. c. umbla and 33.3% for C. c. capoeta). The Cyt-b similarity is consistent with morphological and taxonomical similar- ities. PCR-RFLP can serve as a tool for genetically identifying subspecies of fish in nature and in aquaculture

Authentication of fish species using a simple PCR-RFLP method

A polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method was developed as a tool to prevent commercial frauds in fish products. The PCR was used to ampli- fy the cytochrome b gene, part of the mitochondrial genome. The PCR products were digested with different restriction endonucleases (AluI, HaeIII, HinfI, Hsp92, Taql) to identify five fish species - Mugil cephalus, Pomatomus saltator, Belone belone, Merlangius merlangus, and Oncorhynchus mykiss. None of the tested enzymes, alone, was able to distinguish between the five fish species, but by combining the results of two digestions, all five species could be differ- entiated. Thus, this method can be used to expose fraudulent substitutions with less valuable fish

Effects of 2,2-Dichlorovinyl Dimethyl Phosphate (DDVP) on Hsp70 Gene Expression in Rainbow Trout

2,2-Dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate (DDVP) is used to control insects on crops, household, and stored products, and treat external parasitic infections in farmed fish, livestock, and domestic animals. Ectoparasitic copepods can cause severe skin damage in fish that may lead to death through osmoregulatory failure or infection by opportunistic pathogens. There is considerable uncertainty about whether or not DDVP is implicated in cancer, and the wider environmental con- sequences of its use. In general, and specifically in developing countries and fish farming, less hazardous alternatives are available. The present experiment studied the effects of DDVP at a daily dose of 1.6 mg/l for 21 days on the expression of the heat shock protein (Hsp) 70 gene in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Hsp70 from control and DDVP-exposed fish was ampli- fied for 20-40 PCR cycling. After the fortieth PCR cycle, the Hsp70 level in mRNA was very low in the control fish and very high in the DDVP-exposed fish, with a statistical difference of p<0.01