Evaluati̇on of reti̇nal nerve fi̇ber layer thi̇ckness wi̇th opti̇cal coherence tomography i̇n vari̇ous amblyopi̇a types

To investigate of the thickness of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) in pediatric patients who have unilateral amblyopia that was caused by anisometropia or strabismus via the use of optical coherence tomography (OCT). Enrolled in this study were 111 eyes of 111 pediatric patients. The patients were separated into 3 groups, comprising the strabismic amblyopia group, which consisted of 35 eyes of pediatric patients who had strabismic amblyopia; anisometric amblyopia group, which consisted of 36 eyes of pediatric patients who had anisometric amblyopia; and the control group, which consisted of 40 eyes belonging to age- and gender-matched healthy pediatric individuals. The thickness of the RNFL was measured in the inferior, superior, nasal, and temporal quadrants via the use of OCT. The groups were similar regarding the age and the gender (P > 0.05) of the participants. No statistically significant differences were observed between the anisometropic amblyopia and control groups (P > 0.05). The inferior RNFL was thinner in strabismic amblyopia group compared to the control group participants (P = 0.013). The thickness of the RNFL of superior, nasal, and temporal quadrant did not differ statistically significantly. The thickness of the RNFL was similar in the anisometric amblyopia, strabismic amblyopia, and control groups. In the amblyopic patients, it is believed that there may be some damage caused to the higher visual pathways, such as the lateral geniculate nucleus and visual cortex, rather than structural damage to the retina. [Med-Science 2022; 11(1.000): 304-9

Using liquid crystal glasses to treat amblyopia in children

WOS: 000356402100013PubMed: 26059673PURPOSE To evaluate the effectiveness of liquid crystal glasses (LCG) in the treatment of children with monocular amblyopia. METHODS A total of 14 amblyopic eyes of 14 children with monocular amblyopia were enrolled in the study. LCG with appropriate refractive correction were ordered for each patient. Each patient was examined with the new LCG before treatment and monthly thereafter. the parents were informed about the use, care, and charging of the glasses. Best-corrected visual acuity was measured as Snellen decimal notation and converted to logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) for statistical analyses. RESULTS the mean age of the study population was 7.4 +/- 1.4 years. Ten patients (71%) had anisometropic amblyopia; 2 (14%), strabismic amblyopia; and 2 (14%), mixed amblyopia. the mean follow-up period was 4.0 +/- 1.2 months (range, 3-7 months). the mean duration of using LCG was 8.2 +/- 2.5 hours daily (range, 4-12 hours). All of 14 patients used the LCG as suggested. the mean logMAR best-corrected visual acuity of the amblyopic eyes was 0.6 +/- 0.3 at baseline, improving to 0.3 +/- 0.2 at final follow-up (P < 0.001). No side effects were observed. CONCLUSIONS the current study demonstrated that LCG wear improved visual acuity in children with monocular amblyopia. Additional studies are needed to determine whether this effect is due to the LCG on/off feature or to refractive correction alone

A Case with Unexplained Bleeding from Multiple Sites: Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy

Munchausen syndrome by proxy (MBP) is an extreme form of child abuse where children were unnecessarily treated or investigated for medical conditions that were falsified by their caregivers. Here the authors report a 16-year-old female with the complaints of bleeding from multiple and unusual sites, including hemoptysis, hematuria, bloody tears, and bloody nipple discharge, all of which are only witnessed by her mother. Extensive investigation revealed no organic etiologies for bleeding. The diagnosis of MBP was put by a multidisciplinary team. The diagnosis of MBP must be kept in mind in conditions where there is no underlying organic pathology in a bleeding patient