Evaluation as a multi-stakeholder process : the Programme for Capacity and Theory Building for Universities and Research Centres in Endogenous Development (CAPTURED) in Bolivia, Ghana and India

An evaluation is a particular multi-stakeholder event during which different actors share and analyse results after several years. If the evaluation has a strong formative purpose the evaluation team is requested to facilitate a learning process involving all key actors. Especially evaluations that emphasise deeper learning have to be designed in such a way that different perspectives emerge and are appreciated in an interactive way. The present article reviews the results and methodological design of the evaluation of the Programme for Capacity and Theory Building for Universities and Research Centres in Endogenous Development (CAPTURED) in Universities and higher education centres in Bolivia, Ghana and India. The ambition of CAPTURED was to validate and integrate endogenous knowledge and values into education and research programmes. The three cases show how different stakeholders in three different context situations have interacted in higher education and research change processes. The evaluation provided an example of a mixed methods design that allowed for inclusion and appreciation of perspectives of different stakeholders. The evaluation facilitated a learning process engaging the various actors in joint analysis and formulation of shared conclusions and recommendations. Each evaluation team has to consider which set of methods is responding to the required domain and project context, and how the methods complement each other or can be adapted to the case. The design should deliver both quantitative as well as qualitative data that provide evidence about results as well as the stories and background what these results mean for different stakeholders. In this way the evaluation provided both summative evaluation (providing an assessment of results) as well as formative understanding (learning) what these results meant for different stakeholders. The case shows how an evaluation can be conducted as a facilitated process with different project stakeholders by applying mixed methods design to allow actors to learn from project results

Enfermedad de Chagas en poblaciones prehistóricas del norte de Chile Chagas disease in prehistoric populations of northern Chile

La enfermedad de Chagas es producida por el parásito Trypanosoma cruzi, el cual afecta tanto a seres humanos como a animales, en particular mamíferos marsupiales y placentarios. Las vías de transmisión son diversas, siendo una de las más importantes la vía vectorial, en la que participan insectos infectados con este parásito, animales y humanos. En este artículo de revisión discutimos los postulados sobre la vía de transmisión oral, los hallazgos de T. cruzi en momias de América y especialmente en las del norte de Chile. Presentamos además información que apunta a que la enfermedad de Chagas estuvo presente mucho antes de la conquista europea y de la construcción de viviendas de adobe. Comentamos las hipótesis sobre el vector domiciliado más importante de Sudamérica, Triatoma infestans, su antigüedad en la costa de Arica y los reportes más recientes de otros vectores silvestres. También se discute la información relacionada a la participación en el ciclo de T. cruzi de distintos mamíferos silvestres de Chile y asimismo proponemos el estudio paleoparasitológico en restos zooarqueológicos para conocer las especies de mamíferos reservónos de T. cruzi en la antigüedad.<br>Chagas diseases is produced by a parasite named Trypanosoma cruzi, that affects humans and other marsupial and placental mammals. Transmission routes are diverse, but the most important transmission is the vector route, which involves the triatomine insects, wild and domestic infected animáis, and humans. Here we review the data about oral transmission route and the evidences of the etiological agent (Trypanosoma cruzi) of Chagas disease in pre-Columbian American mummies, making a critical review of the infection in northern Chile. Moreover, we comment on the hypotheses suggested in relation to the most important vector of the infection in South América Triatoma infestans, its antiquity in the Arica coast, and the recent reports about other wild infected vectors in this geographic área. The data presented along this document suggests that Chagas disease was present long before the european conquest and the construction of adobe houses in América. We also discuss the data about the involvement of wild Chilean mammals in the cycle of T. cruzi and propose that the paleoparasitologic study of zooarchaeological remains must be done in the future in order to identify ancient mammalian reservoirs of T. cruzi

CAPTURED : evaluación Bolivia : Bolivia Country Evaluation

El presente informe contiene los resultados de la Evaluación en Bolivia y se produce como parte de la evaluación final del proyecto CAPTURED. El equipo AGRUCO logro formular una Programa de Formación Continua intercultural descolonizador, que va desde el técnico operativo, medio y superior, licenciatura, diplomados, especialidad, maestría, hasta el doctorado. AGRUCO se ha convertido en el núcleo de una red, primero, al interior de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrícolas, Pecuarias, Forestales y Veterinarias, luego de la UMSS y de otras universidades en Bolivia y en América Latina. En la realidad política actual de Bolivia es importante y coherente de llevar el Vivir Bien del discurso y la ideología a los niveles de concreción como el Plan Nacional de Desarrollo, la Gestión pública intercultural, las políticas, programas, y proyectos. El sistema educativo plurinacional debe fortalecer este proceso y AGRUCO contribuye con un caso que potencialmente se puede expandir en Bolivia y América Latina. Report number CDI-12-01

About human settlement in the South-Central andes and its relation to the Amazonian region En torno al poblamiento de los andes sur-centrales y su vinculación con la Amazonia

Bolivia is a key region for understanding human settlement in the South-Central Andes due to its geographical location, its ethnic diversity and its rich archeology. In order to identify the prehistoric migratory routes involved in the settlement of this region, archaeological, genetic and linguistic information is confronted. The analysis focuses on ancient mitochondrial DNA variation obtained from archaeological sites from the valleys of Cochabamba in comparison with populations from the Bolivian highlands (Tiwanaku), southern Peru, and Amazonia. For comparison, mtDNA samples of Quechua and Aymara extant populations are included. The paleogenetic analyzes suggest the existence of relationships between the valleys of Cochabamba, Tiwanaku and the Amazon, verifying the placement of these valleys as transitional areas? between the Lake Titicaca basin and the Tropical Lowlands. Moreover, when comparing the ancient mitochondrial haplogroup distribution with extant samples of Aymara and Qu

Tiwanaku zoomorphic iconography as indicator of population displacements possibly linked to zoonotic transmission Iconografía tiwanacota zoomorfa como indicador de desplazamientos poblacionales posiblemente vinculados a ciclos de transmisión zoonótica

A total of 72 archaeological pieces of Tiwanaku iconography (ca. 1500-850 B.P.) were studied at the National Museum of Archaeology and the Regional Museum of Tiwanaku (La Paz, Bolivia), as well as at the archaeological site of Pariti (Lake Titicaca, Bolivia) with the aim of identifying wildlife representations linking ancient highland inhabitants with tropical lowlands and/or the Pacific Coast. Wildlife with which prehistoric groups had contact and could have been part of zoonotic transmission cycles that covered the Bolivian Amazon and the Pacific littoral were identified

XII Encuentro Internacional de Ciudades Intermedias - Día 1 - P1

Participantes: Víctor Villalobos, Secretario de SADER. Juan Manuel Rodríguez, Tabares Presidente ACODA, Bolivia. Juan Manuel Martínez, Louvier Director General de INAES, México. René Orellana Halkyer, Representante CAF en México. Elkin Velázquez, Director Regional para América Latina y el Caribe, ONU Hábitat en México. Carlos Hugo Molina, CEPAD, Bolivia. Francisco Herrera, Tapia ICAR-UAEM/Red GTD México. Diego Montenegro, Representante del IICA en México. Laura Suazo, Secretaría de Agricultura y Ganadería de Honduras.El mundo enfrenta una difícil coyuntura debido al efecto acumulativo y la sobreposición de crisis que se iniciaron con la ralentización del crecimiento económico antes de la pandemia del COVID-19, con los inéditos impactos de la crisis sanitaria global (solo comparables con los de las dos guerras mundiales), la crisis ambiental global, y recientemente, con los efectos negativos del conflicto bélico entre Rusia y Ucrania. Para los países de América Latina y el Caribe se abre un capítulo de incertidumbre que ya impacta negativamente sobre los esfuerzos de recuperación económica y de atención a los segmentos sociales más desprotegidos, con altos índices de inflación y una lenta recuperación del empleo. De acuerdo con recientes estudios de la CEPAL, América Latina ha sufrido un retroceso de 20 años en sus niveles de pobreza extrema debido al impacto del Covid-19, alcanzando niveles similares a los del 2005. Esto significa más de 210 millones de personas en situación de pobreza extrema