Los jóvenes y la salud. Construcción de grupos en función de representaciones sobre salud y enfermedad

This study explores the presence of different "groups" of adolescents based on their representations of health and disease. Concepts traditionally linked to the study of subjectivity were incorporated into the building of these "groups". Four hundred students participated in the survey. Data were analyzed through multiple correspondence analysis, a multivariate approach especially designed to work with large numbers of qualitative variables. Eight groups of adolescents were detected, described as follows: frightened; tends to close eyes; hypochondriac; sensual; happy; embittered; outgoing (looks out on the world); and introspective (contemplates own navel). The results highlight the importance of diversifying research and interventions focusing on this age bracket

Implementación de un modelo y herramienta de inteligencia (Balanced Scorecard y Cuadro de Mando) para el mejoramiento de la gestión universitaria en la Facultad de Informática y Electrónica de la Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo para el período 2014 – 2018

La presente investigación forma parte del cambio en la implementación del nuevo sistema de Educación Superior, tratando de introducir el Plan Estratégico por medio de la aplicación del Balanced Scorecard (BSC) en la Facultad de Informática y Electrónica (FIE), mejorando la Gestión Universitaria con la adopción de modelos inteligentes que han sido aplicables en empresas. Se utilizó el método deductivo-descriptivo pues en nuestro tema de investigación se partió de referencias llevadas a cabo con anterioridad cuyos resultados fueron favorables, los datos encontrados se estudiaron de forma individual y luego de forma integral, para la recolección de datos se utilizó cuestionarios para las entrevistas y las encuestas. Para la implementación del Cuadro de Mando se manejó un software Easy PHP versión 12.1, con aplicación web ODUN instalado con un servidor de Sistema Operativo GNU/Linux. La implementación del BSC y Cuadro de Mando en la (FIE) permite tener una herramienta sistematizada para monitorear periódicamente el cumplimiento de los objetivos e indicadores que tienen relación a los criterios del CEAACES, del análisis de resultados se ha obtenido que la FIE tiene un cumplimiento de La visión (1.4 de un máximo de 3) que se considera mal. Se demostró que la hipótesis tanto la variable dependiente e independiente se pudo comprobar por tener un sistema de control y seguir los indicadores del CEAACES que puede medir la eficacia de los objetivos y se recomienda que se continúe actualizando la base de datos para el seguimiento de los objetivos e indicadores de la FIE.The research is part of the change in the implementation of the new system of higher education. This is introducing a strategic plan through the implementation of Balanced Scorecard (BSC) at the Faculty of Informatics and Electronics (FIE), to improve university management with the adoption of intelligent models that have been applied in companies. A Deductive-descriptive method was used, since this issue came from references carried out previously. The result were favorable, the data found were studied individually and then holistically. Questionnaires were used to collect data from interviews and surveys. To implement the scorecard was handled a software “Easy PHP” version 12.1 Easy PHP web application ODUN server installed GNU/Linux operating system. The implementation of the scorecard in the FIE allows a systematic tool to periodically monitor compliance of the objectives and indicators related to CEAACES. From the analysis of results has been obtained that FIE has a fulfillment of the vision (1.4 up to 3) that is considered bad. It was shown that the hypothesis, dependent and independent variable for having a control system and follow the rules of CEAACES that can measure the effectiveness of the objectives and it is recommended to continue updating the database for tracking FIE objectives and indicators

Eff ect of self-collection of HPV DNA off ered by community health workers at home visits on uptake of screening for cervical cancer (the EMA study): a population-based cluster-randomised trial

Background Control of cervical cancer in developing countries has been hampered by a failure to achieve high screening uptake. HPV DNA self-collection could increase screening coverage, but implementation of this technology is diffi cult in countries of middle and low income. We investigated whether off ering HPV DNA self-collection during routine home visits by community health workers could increase cervical screening. Methods We did a population-based cluster-randomised trial in the province of Jujuy, Argentina, between July 1, 2012, and Dec 31, 2012. Community health workers were eligible for the study if they scored highly on a performance score, and women aged 30 years or older were eligible for enrolment by the community health worker. 200 community health workers were randomly allocated in a 1:1 ratio to either the intervention group (off ered women the chance to self-collect a sample for cervical screening during a home visit) or the control group (advised women to attend a health clinic for cervical screening). The primary outcome was screening uptake, measured as the proportion of women having any HPV screening test within 6 months of the community health worker visit. Analysis was by intention to treat. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02095561. Findings 100 community health workers were randomly allocated to the intervention group and 100 were assigned to the control group; nine did not take part. 191 participating community health workers (94 in the intervention group and 97 in the control group) initially contacted 7650 women; of 3632 women contacted by community health workers in the intervention group, 3049 agreed to participate; of 4018 women contacted by community health workers in the control group, 2964 agreed to participate. 2618 (86%) of 3049 women in the intervention group had any HPV test within 6 months of the community health worker visit, compared with 599 (20%) of 2964 in the control group (risk ratio 4·02, 95% CI 3·44–4·71). Interpretation Off ering self-collection of samples for HPV testing by community health workers during home visits resulted in a four-fold increase in screening uptake, showing that this strategy is eff ective to improve cervical screening coverage. This intervention reduces women’s barriers to screening and results in a substantial and rapid increase in coverage. Our fi ndings suggest that HPV testing could be extended throughout Argentina and in other countries to increase cervical screening coverage

The healthiness of food and beverages on price promotion at promotional displays: A cross-sectional audit of australian supermarkets

Supermarket environments can strongly influence purchasing decisions. Price promotions are recognised as a particularly persuasive tactic, but the healthiness of price promotions in prominent in-store locations is understudied. This study compared the prevalence and magnitude of price promotions on healthy and unhealthy food and beverages (foods) displayed at prominent in-store locations within Australian supermarkets, including analyses by supermarket group and area-level socio-economic position. A cross-sectional in-store audit of price promotions on foods at key display areas was undertaken in 104 randomly selected stores from major Australian supermarket groups (Woolworths, Coles, Aldi and independents) in Victoria, Australia. Of the display space dedicated to foods with price promotions, three of the four supermarket groups had a greater proportion of display space devoted to unhealthy (compared to healthy) foods at each promotional location measured (end of aisles: 66%; island bins: 53%; checkouts: 88%). Aldi offered very few price promotions. Few measures varied by area-level socio-economic position. This study demonstrated that price promotions at prominent in-store locations in Australian supermarkets favoured unhealthy foods. Marketing of this nature is likely to encourage the purchase of unhealthy foods, highlighting the need for retailers and policy-makers to consider addressing in-store pricing and placement strategies to encourage healthier food environments

Fat taste sensitivity is associated with short-term and habitual fat intake

Evidence suggests individuals less sensitive to fat taste (high fat taste thresholds (FTT)) may be overweight or obese and consume greater amounts of dietary fat than more sensitive individuals. The aims of this study were to assess associations between FTT, anthropometric measurements, fat intake, and liking of fatty foods. FTT was assessed in 69 Australian females (mean age 41.3 (15.6) (SD) years and mean body mass index 26.3 (5.7) kg/m²) by a 3-alternate forced choice methodology and transformed to an ordinal scale (FT rank). Food liking was assessed by hedonic ratings of high-fat and reduced-fat foods, and a 24-h food recall and food frequency questionnaire was completed. Linear mixed regression models were fitted. FT rank was associated with dietary % energy from fat ( β ^ = 0.110 [95% CI: 0.003, 0.216]), % energy from carbohydrate ( β ^ = -0.112 [-0.188, -0.035]), and frequency of consumption of foods per day from food groups: high-fat dairy ( β ^ = 1.091 [0.106, 2.242]), meat & meat alternatives ( β ^ = 0.669 [0.168, 1.170]), and grain & cereals ( β ^ = 0.771 [0.212, 1.329]) (adjusted for energy and age). There were no associations between FT rank and anthropometric measurements or hedonic ratings. Therefore, fat taste sensitivity appears to be associated with short-term fat intake, but not body size in this group of females

Protocol for economic evaluation alongside the SHINE (Supporting Healthy Image, Nutrition and Exercise) cluster randomised controlled trial

INTRODUCTION: Limited evidence exists on the cost-effectiveness of interventions to prevent obesity and promote healthy body image in adolescents. The SHINE (Supporting Healthy Image, Nutrition and Exercise) study is a cluster randomised control trial (cRCT) aiming to deliver universal education about healthy nutrition and physical activity to adolescents, as well as targeted advice to young people with body image concerns who are at risk of developing disordered eating behaviours. This paper describes the methods for the economic evaluation of the SHINE cRCT, to determine whether the intervention is cost-effective as an obesity prevention measure. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: A public payer perspective will be adopted, with intervention costs collected prospectively. Within-trial cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) and cost-utility analysis (CUA) will quantify the incremental costs and health gains of the intervention as compared with usual practice (ie, teacher-delivered curriculum). CEA will present results as cost per body mass index unit saved. CUA will present results as cost per quality-adjusted life year gained. A modelled CUA will extend the target population, time horizon and decision context to provide valuable information to policymakers on the potential for incremental cost offsets attributable to disease prevention arising from intervention. Intervention costs and effects will be extrapolated to the population of Australian adolescents in Grade 7 of secondary school (approximate age 13 years) and modelled over the cohort\u27s lifetime. Modelled CUA results will be presented as health-adjusted life years saved and healthcare cost-savings of diseases averted. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios will be calculated as the difference in costs between the intervention and comparator divided by the difference in benefit. Semi-structured interviews with key intervention stakeholders will explore the potential impact of scalability on cost-effectiveness. These data will be thematically analysed to inform sensitivity analysis of the base case economic evaluation, such that cost-effectiveness evidence is reflective of the potential for scalability. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Ethics approval was obtained from the Deakin University Human Research Ethics Committee (#2017-269) and the Victorian Department of Education and Training (#2018_003630). Study findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed academic papers and participating schools will receive annual reports over the 3 years of data collection. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ACTRN 12618000330246; Pre-results

Assessment of Educational Tools in the Online Modality

Students of the Foreign Language Department have the opportunity to graduate from UES through the e-learning specialization course. This is a new option that emerged because of the covid-19 pandemic. Even though, the coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) outbreak poses serious concerns to global education systems. Efforts to contain COVID-19 prompted the unscheduled closure of schools in more than 100 countries worldwide. This course also shows that many educators and students relied on technology to ensure continued learning online during the Coronavirus pandemic. In this document, the research team will explore the different teaching techniques using different learning management systems and educational tools that contemplate the teaching through virtual environments, theories of learning and teaching the change of role from student to the teacher will be analyzed in the present report. This one will be a unique opportunity to put into practice and implement a new methodology for students from the UES language department, in order to obtain their university degree, not only with a thesis but also with a specialization in virtual environments that are very important nowadays. Key words: E-learning ; Synchronous and asynchronous learning ; Learning Management System (LMS) ; Educational tolos ; Platform ; Online education ; Virtual classroom ; Virtual environment