Metodologija projektovanja vrućih asfaltnih mešavina sa visokim sadržajem struganog asfalta

Za izgradnju novih puteva koriste se velike količine novog kamenog materijala, filera i novog bitumena. S obzirom da su količine ovih materijala ograničene, dolazi do potrebe za primenom alternativnih materijala, koji će smanjiti njihovu upotrebu ili ih potpuno zameniti. Istovremeno sa tim, usled rekonstrukcije postojećih puteva dolazi do nagomilavanja iskorišćenih materijala, kao i do povećane potrebe za novim materijalima. Ovi problemi mogu biti prevaziđeni ukoliko se koristi strugani asfalt (RAP), materijal koji teorijski može u potpunosti da se ponovo upotrebi (reciklira). Usled prisustva ostarelog bitumena u struganom asfaltu, smanjuje se potreba za novim bitumenom u novoj asfaltnoj mešavini. Zbog toga je najveći potencijal upotrebe struganog asfalta u asfaltnim mešavinama proizvedenim po toplom (WMA) i vrućem postupku (HMA)...The construction of new roads requires large amounts of virgin aggregate, filler, and virgin bitumen (VB). As these materials are available in limited quantities, seeking alternative solutions to decrease/replace their usage is inevitable. At the same time, the reconstruction of existing roads results in an increased amount of stockpiled materials and the need for new materials. These issues can be overcome if reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP)—which is, in principle, a 100%-recyclable material—is partially or completely used in the production of new asphalt mixtures. Because of the presence of aged binder within the RAP (RAPb), the total amount of virgin bitumen that should be added in an asphalt mixture could be decreased; hence, the highest potential of using RAP is within hot mix asphalt (HMA) and warm mix asphalt (WMA)..

Mrežni sintaksno-semantički okvir za izvlačenje leksičkih relacija deterministričkim modelom prirodnog jezika

Given the extraordinary growth in online documents, methods for automated extraction of semantic relations became popular, and shortly after, became necessary. This thesis proposes a new deterministic language model, with the associated artifact, which acts as an online Syntactic and Semantic Framework (SSF) for the extraction of morphosyntactic and semantic relations. The model covers all fundamental linguistic fields: Morphology (formation, composition, and word paradigms), Lexicography (storing words and their features in network lexicons), Syntax (the composition of words in meaningful parts: phrases, sentences, and pragmatics), and Semantics (determining the meaning of phrases). To achieve this, a new tagging system with more complex structures was developed. Instead of the commonly used vectored systems, this new tagging system uses tree-likeT-structures with hierarchical, grammatical Word of Speech (WOS), and Semantic of Word (SOW) tags. For relations extraction, it was necessary to develop a syntactic (sub)model of language, which ultimately is the foundation for performing semantic analysis. This was achieved by introducing a new ‘O-structure’, which represents the union of WOS/SOW features from T-structures of words and enables the creation of syntagmatic patterns. Such patterns are a powerful mechanism for the extraction of conceptual structures (e.g., metonymies, similes, or metaphors), breaking sentences into main and subordinate clauses, or detection of a sentence’s main construction parts (subject, predicate, and object). Since all program modules are developed as general and generative entities, SSF can be used for any of the Indo-European languages, although validation and network lexicons have been developed for the Croatian language only. The SSF has three types of lexicons (morphs/syllables, words, and multi-word expressions), and the main words lexicon is included in the Global Linguistic Linked Open Data (LLOD) Cloud, allowing interoperability with all other world languages. The SSF model and its artifact represent a complete natural language model which can be used to extract the lexical relations from single sentences, paragraphs, and also from large collections of documents.Pojavom velikoga broja digitalnih dokumenata u okružju virtualnih mreža (interneta i dr.), postali su zanimljivi, a nedugo zatim i nužni, načini identifikacije i strojnoga izvlačenja semantičkih relacija iz (digitalnih) dokumenata (tekstova). U ovome radu predlaže se novi, deterministički jezični model s pripadnim artefaktom (Syntactic and Semantic Framework - SSF), koji će služiti kao mrežni okvir za izvlačenje morfosintaktičkih i semantičkih relacija iz digitalnog teksta, ali i pružati mnoge druge jezikoslovne funkcije. Model pokriva sva temeljna područja jezikoslovlja: morfologiju (tvorbu, sastav i paradigme riječi) s leksikografijom (spremanjem riječi i njihovih značenja u mrežne leksikone), sintaksu (tj. skladnju riječi u cjeline: sintagme, rečenice i pragmatiku) i semantiku (određivanje značenja sintagmi). Da bi se to ostvarilo, bilo je nužno označiti riječ složenijom strukturom, umjesto do sada korištenih vektoriziranih gramatičkih obilježja predložene su nove T-strukture s hijerarhijskim, gramatičkim (Word of Speech - WOS) i semantičkim (Semantic of Word - SOW) tagovima. Da bi se relacije mogle pronalaziti bilo je potrebno osmisliti sintaktički (pod)model jezika, na kojem će se u konačnici graditi i semantička analiza. To je postignuto uvođenjem nove, tzv. O-strukture, koja predstavlja uniju WOS/SOW obilježja iz T-struktura pojedinih riječi i omogućuje stvaranje sintagmatskih uzoraka. Takvi uzorci predstavljaju snažan mehanizam za izvlačenje konceptualnih struktura (npr. metonimija, simila ili metafora), razbijanje zavisnih rečenica ili prepoznavanje rečeničnih dijelova (subjekta, predikata i objekta). S obzirom da su svi programski moduli mrežnog okvira razvijeni kao opći i generativni entiteti, ne postoji nikakav problem korištenje SSF-a za bilo koji od indoeuropskih jezika, premda su provjera njegovog rada i mrežni leksikoni izvedeni za sada samo za hrvatski jezik. Mrežni okvir ima tri vrste leksikona (morphovi/slogovi, riječi i višeriječnice), a glavni leksikon riječi već je uključen u globalni lingvistički oblak povezanih podataka, što znači da je interoperabilnost s drugim jezicima već postignuta. S ovako osmišljenim i realiziranim načinom, SSF model i njegov realizirani artefakt, predstavljaju potpuni model prirodnoga jezika s kojim se mogu izvlačiti leksičke relacije iz pojedinačne rečenice, odlomka, ali i velikog korpusa (eng. big data) podataka

Pathological pregnancy and psychological symptoms in women [Patološka trudnoća i psihički simptomi u žena]

Pregnancy is followed by many physiologic, organic and psychological changes and disorders, which can become more serious in pregnancy followed by complications, especially in women with pathological conditions during pregnancy. The purpose of this study was to find out and analyze the prevalence and intensity of psychological disorders in women with pathological conditions during pregnancy and compare it with conditions in pregnant women who had normal development of pregnancy. The research is approved by the Ethical committee of the Mostar University Hospital Center, and it was made in accordance with Helsinki declaration and good clinical practices. The research conducted section for pathology of pregnancy of Department for gynecology and obstetrics of the Mostar University Hospital Center. It included 82 pregnant women with disorders in pregnancy developement and control group consisted of pregnant women who had normal development of pregnancy. The research work was conducted from September 2007 to August 2008 in Mostar University Hospital Center. Pregnant women had Standard and laboratory tests, Ultrasound. CTG examinations were done for all pregnant women and additional tests for those women with complications during pregnancy. Pregnant women completed sociobiographical, obstetrical-clinical and psychological SCL 90-R questionnaire. Pregnant women with pathological pregnancy exibited significantly more psychological symptoms in comparison to pregnant women with normal pregnancy (p < 0.001 to p = 0.004). Frequency and intensity of psychical symptoms and disorders statisticly are more characteristic in pathological pregnancy (61%/40.6%). The statistical data indicate a significantly higher score of psychological disorders in those pregnant women with primary school education (p = 0.050), those who take more than 60% carbohydrates (p = 0.001), those with pathological CTG records (p < 0.001), those with pathological ultrasound results (p < 0.001 to 0.216) and those pregnant women with medium obesity and obesity (p = 0.046). Body mass index (BMI) during normal pregnancy development is lower (p = 0.002) but the levels of glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, HDL and LDL in blood are higher Blood pressure in pregnant women with pathological pregnancy was statistically significantly higher (p < 0.001). Diagnostic criteria for the metabolic syndrome were found in 19 pregnant women with the pathological pregnancy. Statistically, in those women, a significantly higher appearance of psychological symptoms and disorders was observed in comparison to the pregnant women without metabolic syndrome (p < 0.001). The research has shown that 87.8% from all pregnant women included in this study have been hospitalized due to premature birth, hypertensive disorders, and diabetes in pregnancy, and also due to bleeding in the second and third trimester of pregnancy

A comparative environmental impact analysis of asphalt mixtures containing Crumb Rubber and Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement using Life Cycle Assessment

Recently, the reduction of the environmental burdens related to highway infrastructures has been in the spotlight. Within this context, the use of recycled materials in bituminous mixtures for road pavement construction and maintenance has the potential to mitigate the excessive use of non-renewable resources. Nevertheless, the material consumption is only one of the aspects that affects the sustainability of an infrastructure. Other relevant aspects related to environmental issues should be considered. The objective of this work is to evaluate the potential environmental impacts of asphalt mixtures containing crumb rubber (CR) (vulcanised or devulcanised) and reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) assuming different Degree of binder Activation (DoA) of the aged binder by means of a life cycle assessment (LCA). The results show that the small amount of CR used for bituminous mixtures application does not justify all the additional consumption of resources and emissions associated with its treatment. These results are explained by the higher environmental impacts stemming from the treatment of the rubber and the higher amount of bitumen employed in the mixture. In turn, for mixtures containing RAP the analysis revealed an improvement in the score of all the environmental indicators considered.This is the peer-reviewed version of the article: S. Bressi, J. Santos, M. Orešković, and M. Losa, ‘A comparative environmental impact analysis of asphalt mixtures containing Crumb Rubber and Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement using Life Cycle Assessment’, International Journal of Pavement Engineering, 2019, [https://doi.org/10.1080/10298436.2019.1623404

Zahtevi evropske i nacionalne tehniče regulative u oblasti saobraćajne buke

Zbornik radova Građevinskog fakultet

Krutost asfaltnih mešavina sa dodatkom struganog asfalta

Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) is largely used in developed countries in the hot-asphalt mixtures. One of the most important characteristics of asphalt mixtures is their stiffness which depends on temperature and loading frequency. Master curves define the change of stiffness with frequency for the specified temperature and they are used for comparison of asphalt mixtures and for pavement design. The paper presents the testing of three asphalt mixtures: a mixture without RAP and with 15% and 30% of RAP. The indirect tensile test was performed at temperatures of 0 °C to 30 °C and the load duration was 200 and 300 ms to obtain stiffness moduli. The results indicate that the addition of 30% RAP significantly increases the stiffness of the mixture, while the addition of 15% RAP results in relatively small increase of stiffness, which means that the use of up to 15% RAP has no significant effect on the characteristics of the mixture. .Strugani asfaltni materijal (RAP - Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement) se u razvijenim zemljama u značajnoj meri koristi pri proizvodnji asfaltnih mešavina po vrućem postupku.Jedna od najznačajnijih karakteristika asfaltnih mešavina je njihova krutost, koja zavisi od temperature i frekvencije opterećenja. Master krive definišu promenu modula krutosti sa frekvencijom opterećenja na određenoj temperaturi i koriste se za upoređenje asfaltnih mešavina i za dimenzionisanje kolovoznih konstrukcija. U okviru rada su ispitane tri mešavine: mešavina bez struganog materijala, sa 15% i sa 30% struganog materijala. Ispitivanje je vršeno pri temperaturama od 0 oC do 30 oC i pri trajanju opterećenja od 200 i 300 ms korišćenjem opita indirektnog zatezanja. Dobijeni rezultati ukazuju da dodatak struganog materijala od 30 % u značajnoj meri povećava krutost mešavine, dok dodatak od 15 % relativno malo utiče na povećanje krutosti što znači da primena do 15 % struganog materijala nema značajnog efekta na promene karakteristika mešavine

Prednosti i mane poroznih asfalta u urbanim sredinama

Zbornik radova Građevinskog fakultet