Photosynthesis performance and leaf water potential impairments of Tahiti Lime affected by Wood pocket

The progressive death of Tahiti lime trees in productive stage was evidenced in the production region of north-central Tolima in 2012, which led to significant detriment in fruit production of 79.98% in relation to the year 2011. Tree deterioration caused by progressive death of tissue or wood was attributed to the presence of the physiopathy known worldwide as Wood pocket (WP) because its damage was not associated with the presence of a pathogen in diagnostic tests in the laboratory. The presence and level of damage caused by WP has been associated with dry warm climate conditions related mainly to high temperatures, a condition similar to that which occurs in this producing area. The effect of WP on the photosynthetic parameters and leaf water potential was determined in an experimental trial in a commercial plantation of Lima Tahiti located in Flandes. In this area, hydrodynamic properties and the moisture content of the soil were characterized, and monitoring of climate conditions was also carried out. Our results indicated that the hydrodynamic properties, low availability of water in this soil and climatic conditions are favorable for the development of WP. The values in photosynthetic parameters and leaf water potential even in healthy plants are lower than those reported for this species, indicating that the plants are in constant condition of water stress that can be increased by the high average temperature. The presence of WP decreases in greater proportion the photosynthesis efficiency and water potential in leaf tissue. We hypothesized that the constant water deficit and high temperatures cause rupture of tracheids and cavitation in the xylem deteriorating the vascular system causing the death of wood or WP.La muerte progresiva de los árboles de lima Tahiti en etapa productiva fue ocasionada por la fisiopatía Wood pocket (WP) observada en la región productora del centro-norte del Tolima (Colombia) en 2012, lo que provocó un detrimento significativo en la producción de frutos del 79,98% en relación con el año 2011. La presencia y nivel de daño causado por WP se ha asociado a condiciones de clima cálido seco relacionado principalmente con altas temperaturas, condición similar a la que ocurre en esta zona productora. Se sabe poco sobre las causas de la disminución del intercambio gaseoso y el potencial hídrico de las hojas en plantas afectadas por WP, por lo tanto, este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar las relaciones entre los parámetros fisiológicos (potencial hídrico foliar e intercambio de gases foliar) de las plantas de lima de Tahití con síntomas de WP con las condiciones hidrodinámicas y humedad del suelo en la región de cultivo de Lima. El efecto de WP y las condiciones hidrodinámicas y humedad del suelo, sobre los parámetros fotosintéticos y el potencial hídrico foliar se determinó en un ensayo experimental en una plantación comercial de Lima Tahití ubicada en el municipio de Flandes. Los valores en parámetros fotosintéticos y potencial hídrico foliar incluso en plantas sanas fueron inferiores a los reportados para esta especie y la presencia de WP los disminuyo en mayor proporción. Nuestros resultados indicaron que las propiedades hidrodinámicas, la baja disponibilidad de agua en este suelo y las condiciones climáticas son favorables para el desarrollo de WP. Planteamos la hipótesis de que el constante déficit hídrico y las altas temperaturas provocan la rotura de las traqueidas y la cavitación en el xilema deteriorando el sistema vascular provocando la muerte de la madera o WP

Theory of objective imputation and state responsibility

El presente artículo busca evidenciar la relación que hay entre la Teoría de la Imputación Objetiva y la responsabilidad del Estado. Mediante la explicación de lo que se ha entendido por responsabilidad del Estado a lo largo del tiempo y de su concepción actual, se terminará estableciendo como un riesgo no permitido termina siendo el objeto causante en ciertos accidentes de tránsito y responsabilizando al Estado.This article pretends to show the relation between State responsibility and the Theory of Objective Imputation. With an explanation of the evolution of State responsibility and the actual conception of it, we pretend to show how a non allowed risk could provoke the state responsibility in some circulation accidents

Temas Socio-Jurídicos. Volumen 17 No. 36 Junio 1999

La revista Temas Socio-jurídicos, en su edición número 36 que corresponde al año 17, entrega a sus lectores el producto del trabajo realizado por profesores y estudiantes de la Facultad de Derecho en el primer semestre de 1999.The magazine Temas Socio-jurídicos, in its 36th edition that corresponds to the year 17, delivers to its readers the product of the work carried out by professors and students of the Faculty of Law in the first semester of 1999

Revista Temas Socio-Jurídicos Volumen 17 No. 36 Junio 1999

La revista Temas Socio-Jurídicos, en su edición número 36 que corresponde al año 17, entrega a sus lectores el producto del trabajo realizado por profesores y estudiantes de la Facultad de Derecho en el primer semestre de 1999. Publicamos la primera parte de un ensayo sobre Institutos Jurídicos Básicos, que pretende exponer los vínculos entre las expresiones conceptuales del Derecho y el sustrato material de las mismas, las relaciones sociales de producción. Se divulga la entrevista realizada al doctor Roberto Serpa Flórez, profesor emérito de la Universidad, así como su trabajo sobre las funciones de garantías sociales a cargo del Estado. La tarea de auscultar la vida y obra del psiquiatra santandereano, fue encomendada al profesor Heriberto Sánchez Bayona. El profesor Antonio Bohórquez Orduz, realizó un estudio sobre las implicaciones jurídicas del desbordamiento de los presupuestos de cálculo de las Unidades de Poder Adquisitivo Constante (UPAC), al ser vinculadas a las operaciones especulativas del mercado financiero. La Dirección de la revista agradece a sus habituales colaboradores, e invita a todos los profesores y estudiantes a remitir Sus ensayos para las próximas ediciones.The Socio-Legal Issues magazine, in its 36th edition corresponding to year 17, delivers to its readers the product of the work carried out by professors and students of the Faculty of Law in the first semester of 1999. We publish the first part of an essay on Basic Legal Institutes, which aims to expose the links between the conceptual expressions of Law and their material substrate, the social relations of production. The interview with Dr. Roberto Serpa Flórez, professor emeritus at the University, is disclosed, as well as his work on the functions of social guarantees in charge of the State. The task of examining the life and work of the Santanderean psychiatrist was entrusted to Professor Heriberto Sánchez Bayona. Professor Antonio Bohórquez Orduz, carried out a study on the legal implications of the overflow of the calculation budgets of the Constant Purchasing Power Units (UPAC), as they are linked to the speculative operations of the financial market. The Directorate of the magazine thanks its usual collaborators, and invites all teachers and students to submit their essays for future editions

Caracterización molecular de genes Cry y efectos biológicos de la delta endotoxina de cepas de bacillus thuringiensis (berline) recolectadas de diferentes regiones de Colombia

IP 1101-12-005-93Parte del documento en inglésInternational Workshop on Transgenic Technology in Plants(1994). -- [s.l.: s.n.], 1994. -- p. ; 29 cm.;PONENCIA(S) EN CONGRESO: Genetic engineering of insect resistance in agricultural crops by expression of;Bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxin genes / Orlando Acosta.-- p. 1-19.'-- en: Proceedings of th

Patient self-assessment of 3D printed upper-extremity prosthetics

With 40 million amputees living in poor countries with limited access to health care, there is a significant need for novel prosthetic solutions. This paper presents our preliminary results to develop sustainable prostheses for five upper-extremity amputee patients in Colombia, South America. We utilized a patient-centric methodology, engaging patients at every stage in an effort to increase their satisfaction with their prosthetic and to assess clinical usefulness. We identified patient-specific criteria and compared existing open source hardware systems using the Design Thinking methodology. Finally, we present these data to further the development of myoelectric prosthetics as part of cyber-physical systems

Germline mutations of breast cancer susceptibility genes through expanded genetic analysis in unselected Colombian patients

Abstract Background In Colombia and worldwide, breast cancer (BC) is the most frequently diagnosed neoplasia and the leading cause of death from cancer among women. Studies predominantly involve hereditary and familial cases, demonstrating a gap in the literature regarding the identification of germline mutations in unselected patients from Latin-America. Identification of pathogenic/likely pathogenic (P/LP) variants is important for shaping national genetic analysis policies, genetic counseling, and early detection strategies. The present study included 400 women with unselected breast cancer (BC), in whom we analyzed ten genes, using Whole Exome Sequencing (WES), know to confer risk for BC, with the aim of determining the genomic profile of previously unreported P/LP variants in the affected population. Additionally, Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification (MLPA) was performed to identify Large Genomic Rearrangements (LGRs) in the BRCA1/2 genes. To ascertain the functional impact of a recurrent intronic variant (ATM c.5496 + 2_5496 + 5delTAAG), a minigene assay was conducted. Results We ascertained the frequency of P/LP germline variants in BRCA2 (2.5%), ATM (1.25%), BRCA1 (0.75%), PALB2 (0.50%), CHEK2 (0.50%), BARD1 (0.25%), and RAD51D (0.25%) genes in the population of study. P/LP variants account for 6% of the total population analyzed. No LGRs were detected in our study. We identified 1.75% of recurrent variants in BRCA2 and ATM genes. One of them corresponds to the ATM c.5496 + 2_5496 + 5delTAAG. Functional validation of this variant demonstrated a splicing alteration probably modifying the Pincer domain and subsequent protein structure. Conclusion This study described for the first time the genomic profile of ten risk genes in Colombian women with unselected BC. Our findings underscore the significance of population-based research, advocating the consideration of molecular testing in all women with cancer

Pacto Nacional por la Innovación Tecnológica

Se expone en este documento el Pacto Nacional por la Innovación Tecnológica, el cual busca promover la generación de una gran dinámica para el fortalecimiento de capacidades sociales, el enriquecimiento intelectual y la tolerancia política en los procesos de toma de decisiones, umbrales suficientes de infraestructura científica y tecnológica, respeto por el conocimiento tradicional, la apropiación social de la ciencia y el fortalecimiento de una motivación colectiva por la tecnologí

Genome-wide association study of breast cancer in Latinas identifies novel protective variants on 6q25

The genetic contributions to breast cancer development among Latinas are not well understood. Here we carry out a genome-wide association study of breast cancer in Latinas and identify a genome-wide significant risk variant, located 5′ of the Estrogen Receptor 1 gene (ESR1; 6q25 region). The minor allele for this variant is strongly protective (rs140068132: odds ratio (OR) 0.60, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.53–0.67, P=9 × 10−18), originates from Indigenous Americans and is uncorrelated with previously reported risk variants at 6q25. The association is stronger for oestrogen receptor-negative disease (OR 0.34, 95% CI 0.21–0.54) than oestrogen receptor-positive disease (OR 0.63, 95% CI 0.49–0.80; P heterogeneity=0.01) and is also associated with mammographic breast density, a strong risk factor for breast cancer (P=0.001). rs140068132 is located within several transcription factor-binding sites and electrophoretic mobility shift assays with MCF-7 nuclear protein demonstrate differential binding of the G/A alleles at this locus. These results highlight the importance of conducting research in diverse populations