Injertos óseos utilizados en odontología: Un análisis descriptivo de la percepción de los pacientes

Treball Final de Grau d'Odontologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Curs: 2018-2019, Director: María Cristina Manzanares CéspedesIntroducción: Los materiales de injerto óseo se pueden obtener del propio cuerpo del paciente (injerto autólogo), animales (xenoinjerto), cadáveres humanos (aloinjerto) y materiales sintéticos (injerto de hueso aloplástico). Los pacientes pueden tener preferencias personales sobre el origen de los injertos óseos, lo que podría llevarlos a rechazar algunos de ellos en sus tratamientos. Objetivos: El objetivo de este estudio multicéntrico (realizado en Portugal, Francia, Italia, España y Chile) fue analizar las preferencias de los pacientes con respecto al origen de los distintos tipos de injertos óseos y relacionarlas con el éxito que comporta cada uno. Materiales y métodos: La encuesta, compuesta por diez preguntas, se tradujo a los idiomas locales y se validó en cada comité ético. Se preguntó a los pacientes su grado de aceptación / rechazo para cada injerto y los motivos del rechazo. Se utilizó una prueba de chi-2 para analizar las diferencias estadísticamente significativas. Resultados: 76 pacientes participaron al estudio en Francia. Los injertos que provocaron el mayor porcentaje de rechazo fueron el aloinjerto (51,3%), el xenoinjerto (41,4%) y el injerto óseo autólogo de un sitio donante extraoral (22,6%). Los injertos con la tasa de rechazo más pequeña fueron el aloplástico (13,6%) y el injerto óseo autólogo de un sitio de donante intraoral (17,3%). Las evidencias científicas muestran que los mejores resultados se obtienen con la combinación de injertos autólogos y aloplásticos, lo cual está de acuerdo con las preferencias de los pacientes. Conclusiones: el origen de los injertos óseos sigue siendo conflictivo para un alto porcentaje de pacientes. Así pues, los pacientes escogen el tipo de injerto que da los mejores resultados a nivel clínico

Unstoppable Decay and Relentless Hope: Study of Alterity in Popular Culture

Consequences of capitalism’s crises and their manifestations in arts have deeply modified the way we can approach mental health. As Mark Fisher pointed out in 2009 with his book Capitalist Realism, neoliberalism is using mental illness as a way to keep existing. The capacity to think a way out of alienation is deeply linked with arts and popular culture. The article proposes to study the uncanny dialogue between arts and politics in relationships to people, and mental health. The theoretical framework will show how arts are trying to build a way out of alienation, since 2009. The article will illustrate this research with the study of many artistic practices, including our own. The findings will show how the ambiguous and uncanny relationships with the world is used by artists as a way out of alienation, despite the difficulties occurring with mental health in time of crisis

Retro Tendencies, Decay, and Haunted Media in Hybrid Electronic Music

The consequences of new media and their manifestations in post-digital arts has deeply modified electronic music. Old and new sounds blend into each other to create a new aesthetic, defined in this article as hybrid electronic music. An analysis of this aesthetic helps us understand the impact of retro tendencies on the creative process. In order to have a sufficient amount of data, this article proposes a theoretical framework for the aesthetic which encompasses an analysis of the production’s material, how it is being used, live performances, and an emphasis on retro tendencies. The findings demonstrate the ambiguous and uncanny relationship electronic music can have with the past. One of the hypotheses of this article is the potential link between electronic music, future, and decay

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Cryogenic Liquid Rocket Engine Test Bench Fault-Tolerant Control System: Cooling System Application

International audienceA nonlinear fault-tolerant control strategy relying on quantitative physics-based models for a cryogenic combustion bench operation is proposed in this paper. The aim is to improve the reliability of a cryogenic bench operation in the transients and to allow to converge to a wider range of operating points. The fault detection is performed with residual-based methods. The residual is generated by an unknown input observer with an unscented transformed which also allows to reconstruct the unknown input. Then the goal is to provide a fault-tolerant system reconfiguration mechanism with a control law which compensates for the estimated actuator additive faults to maintain the overall system stability. For that purpose we use a model predictive control method on an equivalent system with the reconstructed unknown input. An error feedback and a fault compensation control law is designed in order to minimize an infinite horizon cost function within the framework of linear matrix inequalities. The model and the estimation part were validated on real data from Mascotte test bench (ONERA/CNES), and the reconfiguration control law was validated in realistic simulations

Anti-windup Design for Linear Discrete-time Systems Subject to Actuator Additive Faults and Saturations

International audienceIn this paper a method is proposed to design an anti-windup scheme for discrete time linear systems with input saturations and actuator additive failures. This method provides a fault tolerant system reconfiguration mechanism with a control law which compensates for the estimated actuator additive faults and maintains the overall system stability in spite of actuator saturations. The design approach is derived from the solution of linear matrix inequalities (LMI) to guarantee the stability regions. For that purpose the fault tolerant control method is based on a linear quadratic regulator (LQR) and a fault estimator for compensation purposes. This method was tested in realistic simulations with the software Carins (CNES) on a pressure and mass flow rate model of a cryogenic test bench cooling circuit

A methodology for the computation of the macro-element stiffness matrix for the stress analysis of a lap joint with functionally graded adhesive properties

The interest of functionally graded adhesives (FGA) is growing as it is a mean to increase a bonded joint strength without any modification of the initial design of the adherends. The behaviour of bonded joints with variable adhesive properties along the overlap can be predicted with a potentially time-costly Finite Element (FE) analysis. Dedicated numerical procedures and design tools for FGA bonded joints would increase. The objective of this paper is to offer a mesh-free method for the analysis of functionally graded joints. The technique is based on the macro-element (ME) method and Taylor expansion in power series (TEPS) are used to approach the shape functions of the ME. The method has been developed so far for 1D-bar and 1D-beam kinematics frameworks. This mesh-free_method and a Finite-Element analysis give similar results

Multicenter study of patients' preferences and concerns regarding the origin of bone grafts utilized in dentistry

Purpose: bone graft materials can be obtained from the patient's own body (autologous graft), animals (xenograft), human cadavers (allograft) and synthetic materials (alloplastic bone graft). Patients may have ethical, religious or medical concerns about the origin of bone grafts, which could lead them to reject the use of certain types of bone graft in their treatments. The aim of this multicenter study, which surveyed patients from five university clinics in Portugal, France, Italy, Spain and Chile, was to analyze patients' opinions regarding the source of bone grafts. Patients and methods: a survey composed of ten questions was translated into local languages and validated. Patients were asked about the degree of acceptance/rejection of each graft and the reasons for rejection. A chi-squared test was used to analyze statistically significant differences. Results: three hundred thirty patients were surveyed. The grafts that elicited the highest percentage of refusal were allograft (40.4%), autologous bone graft from an extraoral donor site (34%) and xenograft (32.7%). The grafts with the lowest rate of refusal were alloplastic (6.3%) and autologous bone grafts from an intraoral donor site (24.5%). The main reason for autologous bone rejection was the fear of pain and discomfort, for xenograft it was the fear of disease transmission and the rejection of use of animals for human benefit, and for allograft it was ethical/moral motivations and the fear of disease transmission. Religious affiliation influenced patient's preferences. Conclusion: the origin of bone grafts is still conflictive for a high percentage of patients