The Effect of Mindfulness-Based Interventions on Adults' Substance Use: A Systematic Review

The present systematic review aims to examine the effectiveness of mindfulness-based interventions on substance-use disorders; thus, PubMed, PsycInfo, Web of Science and EBSCOHost databases have been scanned for the following key terms: mindfulness-based therapy, mindfulness-based intervention, substance abuse, substance use, substance misuse, and addiction. Taking inclusion and exclusion criteria into consideration, 10 studies have been determined to be appropriate for the purpose of the study. The results of these studies on mindfulness-based interventions have been observed to be generally more effective than traditional therapy approaches; meanwhile, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) has not been observed to differ in terms of efficacy compared with mindfulness-based therapy. The results from current studies have been summarized through the present research findings; these studies' strengths and weaknesses have also been discussed, as well as suggestions for future studies

Iloprost reduces colonic injury in ischemic colitis in rats Iloprosta reduz o dano colônico na colite isquêmica em ratos

PURPOSE: Evaluate the effects of iloprost administration in the early period of ischemic colitis and the mechanism that how these effects develop. METHODS: Thirty two Wistar albino female rats with an average weight of 220g were divided into four groups of eight rats. In group 1 the rats were given iloprost and sacrificed after 24 hours and in group 2 they were sacrificed after 24 hours without any iloprost. The rats in group 3 were administrated iloprost and sacrificed after 72 hours and in group 4 they were sacrificed at 72th hour without iloprost. The differences between the groups as tissue damage, vascularization or apoptosis were assessed statistically. RESULTS: Oxidative damage and apoptosis were less pronounced and vascularization was better developed in rats that were given iloprost and sacrificed at 24th hour later in contrast to the rats that were not treated with iloprost. But there was no statistical difference among the groups at 72th hour. CONCLUSION: Iloprost inhibited leucocyte infiltration, decreased proinflammatory cytokines and enhanced angiogenesis so that the oxidative stress and inflammatory response decreased resulting in lesser tissue damage.<br>OBJETIVO: Avaliar os efeitos da administração de iloprosta no período precoce da colite isquêmica e o mecanismo da evolução destes efeitos. MÉTODOS: Trinta e dois ratos Wistar fêmeas em torno de 220g foram distribuídos em quatro grupos de oito ratos. No grupo 1 administração de iloprosta e sacrificados após 24 horas; no grupo 2 foram sacrificados após 24 horas sem iloprosta; no grupo 3 foi administrado iloprosta e sacrificados após 72 horas; no grupo 4 foram sacrificados após 72 horas sem Iloprosta. As diferenças entre os grupos no referente a dano tecidual. vascularização ou apoptose foi apurada estatisticamente. RESULTADOS: Dano oxidativo e apoptose foram menos acentuados e a vascularização foi melhor nos ratos que receberam iloprosta e sacrificados após 24 horas em contraste com os ratos que não receberam iloprosta. Porém, não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre os grupos de 72 horas. CONCLUSÃO: Iloprosta inibe infiltração leucocitária, diminui a ação inflamatória de citoquinas e estimula angiogênese resultando em menor dano tecidual