52 research outputs found
Public health insurance and entry into self-employment
We estimate the impact of a differential treatment of paid employees versus
self-employed workers in a public health insurance system on the entry rate
into entrepreneurship. In Germany, the public health insurance system is
mandatory for most paid employees, but not for the selfemployed, who usually
buy private health insurance. Private health insurance contributions are
relatively low for the young and healthy, and until 2013 also for males, but
less attractive at the other ends of these dimensions and if membership in the
public health insurance allows other family members to be covered by
contribution-free family insurance. Therefore, the health insurance system can
create incentives or disincentives to starting up a business depending on the
family’s situation and health. We estimate a discrete time hazard rate model
of entrepreneurial entry based on representative household panel data for
Germany, which include personal health information, and we account for non-
random sample selection. We estimate that an increase in the health insurance
cost differential between self-employed workers and paid employees by 100 euro
per month decreases the annual probability of entry into selfemployment by
0.38 percentage points, i.e. about a third of the average annual entry rate.
The results show that the phenomenon of entrepreneurship lock, which an
emerging literature describes for the system of employer provided health
insurance in the USA, can also occur in a public health insurance system.
Therefore, entrepreneurial activity should be taken into account when
discussing potential health care reforms, not only in the USA and in Germany
Auditor economic incentives and going-concern opinions in a limited litigious Continental European business environment: empirical evidence from Belgium
Marginal Taxes: A Good or a Bad for Wages?: The Incidence of the Structure of Income and Labor Taxes on Wages
Neural Networks in Bankruptcy Prediction - A Comparative Study on the Basis of the First Hungarian Bankruptcy Model
Acrylamide formation during frying of potatoes: thorough investigation on the influence of crop and process variables
Acrylamide, which is a suspected human carcinogen, is particularly formed in starch-rich foodstuffs, like potato. The inter- and intraspecies variability of the potato causes a dispersion in the amount of acrylamide. This intraspecies variability can be influenced through agricultural practices and storage conditions. By assessing these factors, advice to potato producers can be given in order to lower the formation of acrylamide during frying. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe
The influence of inter- and intraspecies variability of potatoes on the formation of acrylamide during frying
The influence of inter- and intraspecies variability of potatoes on the formation of acrylamide during frying
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