Effects on the Lipid Peroxidation and the Antioxidant Defense Systems of the Use of Isoflurane or Sevoflurane in Calves Undergoing Surgery

Background: Incoming anaesthesia created by the use of many drugs with different physicochemical properties is a source of stress and trauma for the body. This event increases the oxidative response and changes the balance between oxidant/antioxidant capacity in the organism in favor of oxidant capacity. This situation is defined as oxidative stress. For these reasons, studies are conducted to determine the effects of general anaesthetic agents on oxidant and antioxidant systems in the organism. In this study, it was aimed to determine the effects of isoflurane and sevoflurane used for general anaesthesia in humans and animals on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defense system in calves.Materials, Methods & Results: The study included 14 calves of different breeds, ages, sexes, and weighing, average 2 weeks old. The cases randomly were divided into 2 groups, the isoflurane group (group I), and the sevoflurane group (group II), and each group included 7 animals. Before general anaesthesia, 0.04 mg/kg atropine was administered intramuscularly to all animals for premedication. At 15 min after atropine administration, isoflurane was administered at an inspiratory concentration of 3-5% in group I, and sevoflurane was administered at an inspiratory concentration of 5-7% in group II, via a face mask for 15 min for the induction of anaesthesia. Endotracheal intubation was performed in all cases at the 15min of the induction period following the onset of general anaesthesia symptoms. After the induction, anaesthesia was continued at an inspiratory concentration of 1.5-3% in the isoflurane group and inspiratory concentration of 2.5-4% in the sevoflurane group. Blood samples were taken just before anaesthesia, just before skin incision, at the end of anaesthesia and surgery, and at the 24h postoperatively. The malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and glutathione (GSH) levels were measured spectrophotometrically in samples. In group I, MDA and antioxidant parameters SOD, CAT, GSH-Px, GSH did not observe a significant change in their concentrations through the study (P > 0.05). In group II, MDA value decreased significantly before incision (P 0.05). During the study, a statistically insignificant increase was observed in the concentrations of CAT, GSH-Px, GSH compared to pre-anaesthesia (P > 0.05). Pre-anaesthesia values of all measured biochemical parameters did not differ significantly between groups (P > 0.05). Before skin incision, at the end of anaesthesia and surgery, and at the 24h postoperatively MDA was lower (P 0.05). Discussion: An important advantage of sevoflurane compared to currently available anaesthetics is that it provides rapid induction due to its low solubility in blood and tissues, and rapid recovery due to its low solubility in fat. This feature is proof that the side effects of sevoflurane anaesthesia are minimal. The findings of this study show that sevoflurane exposure decreases lipid peroxidation and enhances antioxidant defense. The potential effect of sevoflurane on oxidative stress may lead to its preferred clinical use of sevoflurane compared to isoflurane

učinak dodatka kumisa na tjelesnu masu, unos hrane te razine nesfatina-1 i irizina u BALB/C miševa

The aim of this study was to investigate the plasma and tissue levels of nesfatin-1 and irisin hormones, which were discovered in recent years and are associated with endocrine and metabolic functions, in kumiss-supplemented mice. Sixteen BALB/C male mice were divided into two groups as control and kumiss groups. During the experiment, the kumiss was added to the drinking water of mice at a ratio of 1:1 to obtain a daily 2×108 cfu/mL bacterial colony, and was given once a day orally for 20 weeks. The weights and food intake of the animals were monitored during the experiment. The nesfatin-1 and irisin levels in plasma and tissue samples were determined using ELISA kits. Kumiss supplementation reduced the live weight for 2-12 weeks (P<0.05). However, no significant difference was observed after the 12th week. The feed consumption of the kumiss group was lower at the beginning and the 10th week, and at the end, compared to the control group (P<0.05). The plasma levels of nesfatin-1 and irisin (P<0.001) decreased while the liver levels increased (P<0.05 and P<0.001, respectively). The results indicate that plasma and liver levels of nesfatin-1 and irisin are regulated by diet and are effective in weight loss and food intake.Cilj ovoga rada bio je istražiti razine nesfatina-1 i hormona irizina, koji su nedavno otkriveni i povezani su s endokrinim i metaboličkim funkcijama, u plazmi i tkivu miševa hranjenih dodatkom kumisa. Šesnaest BALB/C muških jedinki podijeljeno je u dvije skupine, kontrolnu i pokusnu. Za vrijeme istraživanja kumis je dodavan u vodu za piće u omjeru 1 : 1, kako bi se dnevno postiglo 2×108 cfu/mL bakterijskih kolonija, te je davan jedanput dnevno peroralno tijekom 20 tjedana. Praćeni su porast tjelesne mase i unos hrane. Razine nesfatina-1 i irizina u uzorcima plazme i tkiva određene su ELISA-om. Dodatak kumisa utjecao je na smanjenje tjelesne mase između 2. i 12. tjedna (P < 0,05). Nije uočena znakovita razlika nakon 12. tjedna. Unos hrane u pokusnoj skupini smanjen je na početku i deseti tjedan te je na kraju uspoređen s kontrolnom skupinom (P < 0,05). Razine nesfatina-1 i irizina u plazmi (P < 0,001) su se smanjile, dok su razine u jetri porasle (nesfatin-1 P < 0,05; irizin P < 0,001). Rezultati upućuju na to da su razine nesfatina-1 i irizina u plazmi i jetri regulirane prehranom i djeluju na smanjenje tjelesne mase i unos hrane

Effect of Lactoferrin on Paraoxonase Activity, Some Acute Phase Proteins and Oxidant/Antioxidant System

Lactoferrin is a member of the high affinity to glycoprotein family of transferrin for iron and plays a role in natural immunity as well as antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antiparasitic, antioxidant, anticancer, antiinflammatory, bone health and immunomodulation. The aim this study was to investigate of the acute effect of lactoferrin on paraoxonase activity, oxidant/antioxidant system and total protein, albumin and globulin. This study was carried out on 6-month Sprague Dawley rats in a total number of 20 subjects. Paraoxonase activity, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total oxidant capacity (TOC), total protein, albumin and globulin levels were measured through the spectrophotometer. When the lactoferrin group was compared with the control group, it was found that TAC levels were statistically higher (P<0.05), TOC levels were statistically lower (P<0.01) and paraoxonase activity was statistically higher (P<0.05). There was no difference in total protein and globulin levels in the lactoferrin group compared to the control group. As a result, acute lactoferrin administration may play an important role in the regulation of antioxidant balance by increasing paraoxonase activity and decreasing the level of reactive oxygen species

Učinak resveratrola na razinu ekspresije SIRT2, SIRT3 i oksidacijsko oštećenje DNK kod hepatotoksičnosti izazvane fumonizinom u BALB/c miševa

Oxidative stress, which is characterized by disruption of the oxidant/antioxidant balance, causes pathological processes, including toxicities induced by certain mycotoxins. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of resveratrol on sirtuin deacetylases (SIRT2 and SIRT3), nitric oxide (NO), reduced glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in fumonisin B1-induced hepatotoxicity. Regarding the experimental design, forty BALB/c mice were divided into four groups corresponding to the control, resveratrol (10 mg/kg, i.p), fumonisin B1 (2.25 mg/ kg, i.p) and resveratrol + fumonisin B1 (10 mg/kg + 2.25 mg/kg) groups. At the end of the 14 day-treatment, expression levels of SIRT2 and SIRT3 protein in the serum and liver were revealed by western blotting and antioxidant/oxidant activity analysis. SIRT2 and SIRT3 expression levels in the liver were significantly decreased by fumonisin B1 in comparison to the control. However, resveratrol supplementation coupled with fumonisin B1 increased the expression levels of SIRT2 and SIRT3, in relation to the fumonisin B1 treatments alone, but did not exhibit significant differences from those of the control group. As substantial indicators of stress and damage, the 8-OH-2-deoxyguanosine, NO and MDA levels of the liver tissue were assayed, and were higher in the fumonisin B1-treated groups, in relation to the control. As expected, resveratrol treatment significantly reduced the levels of NO and MDA in comparison to the fumonisin B1 treatments alone. Also, resveratrol attenuated the liver 8-OH-2- deoxyguanosine levels in the resveratrol + fumonisin B1 group. In conclusion, the findings revealed that resveratrol might possess protective effects against fumonisin-induced hepatotoxicity through modulation of the expression of sirtuin proteins, and by protecting the cell from oxidative/nitrosative stress.Oksidacijski stres, koji obilježava poremećaj ravnoteže oksidansa i antiksidansa, uzrokuje patološke procese, uključujući toksičnost potaknutu određenim mikotoksinima. U ovom je radu istražen učinak resveratrola na sirtuin-deacetilazu (SIRT2 i SIRT3), dušikov oksid (NO), sniženi glutation (GSH) i malondialdehid (MDA) kod hepatotoksičnosti izazvane fumonizinom B1. Istraživanje je postavljeno tako da je 40 BALB/c miševa podijeljeno u četiri skupine: kontrolnu, skupinu koja je dobivala resveratrol (10 mg/kg, ip.), skupinu koja je dobivala fumonizin B1 (2,25 mg/kg, ip) i skupinu koja je dobivala resveratrol i fumonizin B1 (10 mg/kg+2,25 mg/kg). Nakon 14 dana određena je razina ekspresije proteina SIRT2 i SIRT3 metodom western blotting te analiza aktivnosti antioksidansa i oksidansa u serumu i jetri. Razina ekspresije SIRT2 i SIRT3 u jetri bila znakovito smanjena u skupini s fumonizinom B1 u usporedbi s kontrolnom skupinom. U skupini s dodatkom resveratrola i fumonizina B1, međutim, povećana je razina ekspresije SIRT2 i SIRT3 u usporedbi sa skupinom koja je dobivala fumonizin B1, no bez znakovite razlike između tih skupina i kontrolne skupine. Analizirani su ključni pokazatelji stresa i oštećenja, razine OH-2-deoksigvanozin, NO i MDA u tkivu jetre, koje su bile veće u skupini s fumonizinom B1, u usporedbi s kontrolnom skupinom. Kao što se očekivalo, primjena resveratrola znakovito je smanjila razine NO i MDA u usporedbi sa skupinom kojoj je primijenjen samo fumonizin B1. Također, resveratrol je smanjio razinu 8-OH-2- deoksigvanozina u jetri u skupini kojoj su dani i resveratrol i fumonizin. Rezultati pokazuju da bi resveratrol mogao imati zaštitni učinak u slučaju hepatotoksičnosti uzrokovane fumonizinom putem modulacije ekspresije sirtuin proteina i zaštite stanice od oksidacijskog/nitrosativnog stresa

Effect of L-carnitine on oxidative damage to liver, kidney and spleen induced by phenylhydrazine in mice

To investigate the ameliorative effect of L-carnitine on phenylhydrazine induced oxidative damage to liver, kidney and spleen, twenty-eight Swiss albino mice were divided into four groups and injected 0.9% NaCl (control), 40 mg/kg/day phenylhydrazine, phenylhydrazine+L-carnitine or 1000 mg/kg/day L-carnitine. Malondialdehyde (MDA) level was found to be significantly (P<0.001) lower in phenylhydrazine+L-carnitine group compared to the phenylhydrazine group in all tissues. Reduced kidney glutathione (GSH) level in phenylhydrazine given group was restored to normal by L-carnitine. However, increased uric acid level by phenylhydrazine was not decreased by L-carnitine administration. It appears that L-carnitine may prevent tissue damage and lipid peroxidation induced by phenylhydrazine