Autumn solid waste characterization in the Seyitler campus of Artvin Çoruh University

Günümüzde nüfus artışı, kentleşme, endüstrileşme gibi gelişmelere paralel olarak çevresel problemlerde de artış görülmektedir. Sözü edilen bu çevresel problemler arasında katı atıklar tarafından oluşan hava, su ve toprak kirliliği özellikle dikkatleri üzerlerine çekmektedir. Atık yönetim sistemi uygun bir şekilde yönlendirilmedikçe, yönetimler her yıl katlanarak artan atık yüküyle karşı karşıya kalacaklardır. Meydana gelen bu atıkların yerel yönetimlerce kaynağında toplanarak uygun bir şekilde bertaraf edilmesi gerekmektedir. Evsel katı atıkların yanı sıra ülkemizde kamu binalarında meydana gelen katı atıklar da önemli bir yer oluşturmaktadır. Özellikle okul, üniversite gibi eğitim mekânlarında ekonomik değeri yüksek atıkların oluşması oldukça muhtemeldir. Yapılan bu çalışma da Artvin Çoruh Üniversitesi Seyitler Yerleşkesi’nde meydana gelen katı atıkların nitelikleri incelenmiştir. İnceleme, eğitim öğretimin devam ettiği 19.10.2016 - 14.12.2016 tarihleri arasında dört noktada yapılmış ve güz dönemini temsil edecek şekilde kurulmuştur. Atık bileşiminin ayrıştırılması aşamasında, yerleşke genelinden toplanan atıkların %42,77’si organik, %7,23 kağıt, %6,19 plastik, %4,37 cam, %0,39 metal, %1,09 tekstil, %37,79 septik kişisel kullanım maddelerinden oluştuğu belirlenmiştir. Çalışma ile ilerleyen dönemlerde geri dönüşüm odaklı atık yönetim planlamalarının hayata geçirilmesinde zaman, miktar ve atık niteliği ile nasıl değerlendirilebileceği üzerine genel bir fayda sağlaması hedeflenmiştir.In parallel with the recent developments in population growth, urbanization, industrialization, a rising in environmental problems has also been observed. Among these environmental problems mentioned, air, water and soil pollution caused by solid wastes attract attention in particular. Unless the waste management system is appropriately guided, managements will be faced with exponentially increasing waste load every year. The waste produced should be collected and appropriately disposed by the local governments at the source. In addition to solid waste generated domestically, the solid waste produced in public buildings of our country also constitute an important place. Especially in educational places such as schools and universities, it is highly probable that high economic value wastes are formed. In this study, the qualities of the solid wastes generated in the Seyitler Campus of Artvin Çoruh University were examined. The study was conducted in four locations between 19.10.2016 and 14.12.2016, during the continuation of education to represent the fall semester. In the sortation process of the waste composition, it was determined that the wastes collected from the campus consisted of 42,77 % organic, 7,23 % paper, 6,19% plastic, 4,37% glass and 0,39% metal, 1,09% textile, 37,79% septic personal use. The aim of the study is to provide a general benefit on how the characteristics of time, quantity and waste can be evaluated in carrying out waste management plans in the future by focusing on recyclin

Comparison of Wiltse and classical methods in surgery of lumbar spinal stenosis and spondylolisthesis

Aim Minimally invasive approaches to posterior lumbar surgery are available today that can enhance patient comfort by greatly reducing tissue damage and offer better clinical results. However, such methods have not yet gained widespread popularity despite their significant advantages. This study compares the Wiltse method and the classical method of lumbar surgery based a cohort, clinical study of 57 patients. The patients all had degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis and/or spondylolisthesis and had developed multifidus muscular atrophy. Materials and methods We enrolled 57 patients admitted to our clinic between April 2012 and September 2013 with a diagnosis of degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis and/or spondylolisthesis. These were treated with the classic posterior approach (n=26) or the Wiltse method (n=31). Findings In the classical method group, the ratio of female to male patients was 20/6 and the mean age was 58.19±10.17 years. A comparison of preoperative and postoperative multifidus muscle cross-sectional measurements (average of right and left) revealed a 36.09% atrophy level in the classical method group and a 26.34% atrophy level in the Wiltse group (p<0.01). However, atrophy development was 18.82% higher in the classical method group (p<0.05) relative to the Wiltse group. Conclusion The Wiltse method is less invasive and causes less tissue damage. It reduces the change of hemorrhage and multifidus muscles and offers a shorter duration of hospitalization with less pain

Next-gen traffic surveillance: AI-assisted mobile traffic violation detection system

Road traffic accidents pose a significant global public health concern, leading to injuries, fatalities, and vehicle damage. Approximately 1,3 million people lose their lives daily due to traffic accidents [World Health Organization, 2022]. Addressing this issue requires accurate traffic law violation detection systems to ensure adherence to regulations. The integration of Artificial Intelligence algorithms, leveraging machine learning and computer vision, has facilitated the development of precise traffic rule enforcement. This paper illustrates how computer vision and machine learning enable the creation of robust algorithms for detecting various traffic violations. Our model, capable of identifying six common traffic infractions, detects red light violations, illegal use of breakdown lanes, violations of vehicle following distance, breaches of marked crosswalk laws, illegal parking, and parking on marked crosswalks. Utilizing online traffic footage and a self-mounted on-dash camera, we apply the YOLOv5 algorithm's detection module to identify traffic agents such as cars, pedestrians, and traffic signs, and the strongSORT algorithm for continuous interframe tracking. Six discrete algorithms analyze agents' behavior and trajectory to detect violations. Subsequently, an Identification Module extracts vehicle ID information, such as the license plate, to generate violation notices sent to relevant authorities

PyNanospacing: TEM image processing tool for strain analysis and visualization

The diverse spectrum of material characteristics including band gap, mechanical moduli, color, phonon and electronic density of states, along with catalytic and surface properties are intricately intertwined with the atomic structure and the corresponding interatomic bond-lengths. This interconnection extends to the manifestation of interplanar spacings within a crystalline lattice. Analysis of these interplanar spacings and the comprehension of any deviations, whether it be lattice compression or expansion, commonly referred to as strain, hold paramount significance in unraveling various unknowns within the field. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) is widely used to capture atomic-scale ordering, facilitating direct investigation of interplanar spacings. However, creating critical contour maps for visualizing and interpreting lattice stresses in TEM images remains a challenging task. Here we developed a Python code for TEM image processing that can handle a wide range of materials including nanoparticles, 2D materials, pure crystals and solid solutions. This algorithm converts local differences in interplanar spacings into contour maps allowing for a visual representation of lattice expansion and compression. The tool is very generic and can significantly aid in analyzing material properties using TEM images, allowing for a more in-depth exploration of the underlying science behind strain engineering via strain contour maps at the atomic level.Comment: Preprint, 13 pages, 9 figure

Effect of Different Polymerization Methods on the Cytotoxicity of Dental Composites

Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the cytotoxic effects of various dental composites polymerized with two different curing units. Methods: Disc-shaped test samples of composites Filtek Z250, Filtek A110, Filtek P60, Filtek Supreme, and SDI Rok were polymerized using one quartz tungsten halogen (QTH) and one light emitting diode (LED) light curing unit (LCU), namely Optilux 501 (QTH) and Elipar Freelight 2 (LED). L-929 mouse fibroblast cultures (3x104 cells/ml) were incubated with the samples in 96 well culture plates for evaluation after 8, 24, 48, 72 h. At the end of each period, the cells were counted and examined under a light microscope, and a 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was performed. The degree of cytotoxicity for each sample was determined according to the reference value represented by the cells in a control group (a culture without sample). Results: A significant 3 factor interaction occurred among LCUs, composites, and time factors (P<.005). In general, the test materials cured with the LED LCU demonstrated higher cell survival rates when compared with those cured with halogen LCUs. Conclusions: This study shows that polymerization of dental composites with a light emitting diode LCU positively influences the L-929 mouse fibroblast cell viability.PubMe

Do Resin Cements Alter Action Potentials of Isolated Rat Sciatic Nerve?

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to explore the effects dual-cure resin cements on nerve conduction. Methods: Panavia F, RelyX ARC, and Variolink II polymerized either by light-emitting diode (LED) or quartz tungsten halogen (QTH) were used in the study (n=10). The conductance of sciatic nerves of 50 rats were measured before and after contact with the specimens for 1 h. Results: The time-dependent change in nerve conductance and the comparison of LED versus QTH showed that differences between groups are significant (P<.05). For both polymerization techniques, pair-wise comparisons of resin cements showed that the nerve conductance between groups is different (P<.05). RelyX ARC elicited irreversible inhibition of compound action potentials (more than 50% change) and Panavia F and Variolink II polymerized by LED and QTH did not alter nerve conduction beyond physiologic limits. Conclusions: Resin cements may alter nerve conductance and even lead to neurotoxic effects.PubMe

The contraception methods preferred bywomen who demand legal abortion and their attitude about contraception methods following ınduced abortion ın Aydın.

Amaç : Aydın'da yasal tahliye amacıyla başvuran kadınların kontraseptif kullanım özelliklerini ve tahliye sonrasında kullanmayı düşündükleri kontraseptif yöntem hakkındaki fikirlerini öğrenmek için yapılan tanımlayıcı bir anket çalışması. Yöntem : Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum Anabilim Dalı ve Aydın Doğum ve Çocuk Bakımevi Hastanesi Aile Planlaması Polikliniği`nde rastgele günlerde yasal gebelik tahliyesi amacıyla başvuran 107 kadın ile tahliye öncesinde yüz yüze görüşme yapıldı. Tanımlayıcı bulgular aritmetik ortalama ± standart sapma ve yüzde değerleri ile verildi. Bulgular : Çalışmaya alınan kadınların gebe kaldıklarında kullandıkları yöntemler: 21'i (%20) korunmamış, 71'i (%66) geri çekme, 11'i (%10) takvim yöntemi, 3'ü (%3) kılıf ve 1'i (%1) rahim içi araç (RıA). Bundan sonra nasıl korunmayı düşündükleri sorulduğunda, 48'i (%44) RıA, 22'si (%20) hap, 8'i (%8) tüp bağlatma, 8'i (%8) kılıf, 2'si (%2) enjeksiyon, 2'si (%2) geri çekme yöntemini tercih edeceklerini ve 17'si (%16) ise henüz bir tercihi olmadığını ifade etmiştir. Sonuç : Yasal tahliye sonrası danışmanlık çok büyük önem kazanmaktadır. Evlilik öncesinde rutine girecek bir danışmanlık hizmetine gereksinim vardır. Yasal tahliye için başvuran kadınlar yasal tahliyeyi halen bir aile planlaması yöntemi olarak görmektedir. Temel çözüm etkili alternatif yöntemler önermek ve kullandıkları yöntemlerle ilgili karşılaşılan sorunlara yönelik bilgilendirmede bulunmaktır. Aile Planlaması hizmetlerinin organizasyonunda hizmet sonrası danışmanlık gerekli ve zorunlu bir örgütlenmedir.Objective: This descriptive study was designedto determine the contraception method preferred by womenwho demand legal abortion and their attitude about contraception methods following legal abortion inAydın. Methods: Hundred and seven women admitted to Adnan Menderes University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Aydın Maternity and Childcare Hospital for legal abortion participated in this questionnaire on random days. The questionnaire was filled out by interview. The descriptive results were analyzed and obtained in the format of average ± standard deviation and a percent ratio. Results: The methods used by women at the time they got pregnant were as follows; 21 (20%) no method, 71 (66%)coitus interruptus, 11 (10%) calendarmethod, 3 (3%)condomand 1 (1%) intrauterine device (IUD).Atthe time of procedure, the contraception methods they would prefer following induced abortion were as follows, 48 (44%) iUD, 22 (20%) oral contraceptive steroid pills, 8 (8%) surgical sterilization, 8 (8%) condom, 2 (2%) oral contraceptive steroid injections, 2 (2%) coitus interruptus and 17(16%) no decision. Conclusion: Counseling for family planning is gaining more importance following legal abortion. Routine pre-marriage counseling for family planning is necessary. Women participated in this study still think that legal abortion is a family planning method. A major solution would be advising alternative effective methods and informing women about the pitfalls of the methods they were using. Follow-up counseling for family planning services is amandatory component ofthe organization

The effect of smoking on cardiac diastolic parameters including Vp, a more reliable and newer parameter

Background: Previous studies have focused mainly on the acute effects of smoking on the diastolic function of the heart. The present study was conducted to demonstrate the chronic effects of smoking on the diastolic functional parameters of the heart, including transmitral M- mode coloured flow propagation velocity (Vp), among relatively younger asymptomatic adults. Method: Hundred smokers with histories of incessant smoking for at least one year prior to the time of the investigation were included in the prospectively designed study as group I. Group II consisted of 35 non-smokers, matched for age and gender. Addiction to smoking was graded according to the modified Fagerström test for nicotine dependence (M-FNDT). Each smoker was designated by a nicotine dependence index (NDI) according to the M-FNDT. Groups I and II were compared with respect to major diastolic functional parameters on transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), including the E/A ratio, deceleration time (DT), isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT) and Vp, along with basic clinical and echocardiographic parameters. Results: Thirty one smokers in group 1 and 5 non-smokers in group 2 were excluded from the study according to the pre-defined exclusion criteria. Therefore 69 smokers (mean age: 30 &#177; 4.9 years, M/F: 32/37) in group I were compared with 30 non-smokers (mean age: 31.4 &#177; 4.8 years, M/F: 15/15) in group II. In group I the mean values of E/A and Vp were significantly lower (p < 0.001), whereas the mean values of IVRT and DT were significantly higher (p < 0.001) than in group II. In group I the value of NDI was positively correlated with the values of DT and IVTR (p < 0.001) and negatively correlated with the value of Vp (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Conventional and relatively new parameters of cardiac diastolic function, in particular Vp, were found to be impaired in smokers demonstrating the chronic adverse effects of smoking on the diastolic function of the heart. The severity of this impairment was closely correlated with the degree of addiction to smoking. (Cardiol J 2007; 14: 281-286

Türkiye’de diş hekimlerinin bifosfonatlar konusundaki farkındalık ve bilgilerinin değerlendirilmesi

Aim: Bisphosphonates (BPs) are inorganic pyrophosphate analogs used for the treatment of various diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge and attitudes of general dental practitioners (GDP), specialist trainees (ST), and specialists (S) in Turkey toward medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) and to optimize future training programs in this field. Materials and Methods: A self-report questionnaire consisting of 7 questions about demographic data, knowledge about BPs, MRONJ and treatment modalities was prepared and send to the members of Turkish Dental Association via email. Results: A total of 209 participants were included in this survey. The mean age of the ST group was significantly lower than the mean ages of the GDP and S groups (P= 0.003, P= 0.038). GDP are less likely to think of BPs administration and radiotherapy treatment than S or ST upon observation of an exposed bone in the head-and-neck region (P=0.048, P=0.008). In comparison to the S and ST groups, the GDP group displayed less knowledge regarding the radiological and intraoral examination of patients undergoing BP therapy (P= 0.034). Conclusion: The increasing awareness of dentists about usage and side effects of BPs is important for preventing MRONJ. The GDP group displayed significantly less knowledge regarding the radiological and intraoral examinations of patients undergoing BP therapy. Greater efforts are required to increase education and knowledge of MRONJ and BPs among dental practitioners.Amaç: Bisfosfonatlar çeşitli hastalıkların tedavisinde kullanılan inorganik pirofosfat analoglarıdır. Bu çalışma uzman olmayan diş hekimlerinin, uzmanlık öğrencilerinin ve uzmanların ilaca bağlı gelişen çene osteonekrozuna yönelik bilgi ve tutumlarını değerlendirmenin yanında, gelecekteki eğitim programlarını optimize etmeyi amaçlamıştır. Materyal ve Metot: Çalışmaya 209 katılımcı dahil edilmiştir. Türk Dişhekimleri Birliği’nin desteğiyle bir anket hazırlanmış ve üyeler arasında e-posta ile paylaşılmıştır. Katılımcıların demografik bilgiler, ilaca bağlı çene osteonekrozları, bisfosfonatlar ve tedavi yaklaşımları ile ilgili 7 sorudan oluşan anketi yanıtlamaları istenmiştir. Bu anket sorularına hekimlerin verdiği cevaplar sayı ve yüzde ile tanımlanmıştır. Bulgular: Ankete katılan uzmanlık öğrencilerinin ortalama yaşı, uzman olmayan diş hekimleri ve uzmanlardan anlamlı olarak düşük bulunmuştur (P = 0.003, P = 0.038). Uzman olmayan diş hekimleri, baş-boyun bölgesinde gözlemlenen ekspoze kemiğin bisfosfonat tedavisi ya da radyoterapiye bağlı olabilme ihtimalini diğer gruplara göre daha az değerlendirmiştir (P=0.048, P=0.008). Uzman ve uzmanlık öğrencilerine kıyasla uzman olmayan diş hekimleri, bisfosfonat kullanan hastaların radyolojik ve ağız içi bulguları hakkında daha az bilgi sahibi olduğunu belirtmiştir (P = 0.034). Sonuç: Diş hekimlerinin bisfosfonatların kullanımı ve yan etkileri konusunda artan farkındalığı MRONJ’un önlenmesi için önemlidir. Diş hekimleri arasında MRONJ ve bisfosfonatlar ile ilgili bilincin artırılması için daha fazla çaba gösterilmesi ve hedef kitleye yönelik eğitim planları oluşturulması gerekmektedi