Anatomic and craniometric factors in differentiating roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) from sheep (Ovis aries) and goat (Capra hircus) skulls

This study was carried out to investigate the bony structures relevant to skull of roe deer, sheep and goat. The skull of five sheep weighing 45-50 kg, three goat weighing 50-60 kg and five roe deer weighing 20-25 kg were used in this study. Macerations of the cranium were performed by the boiling method. The skull of the roe deer was notably similar to that of sheep with the presence of external lacrimal fossa, and to the goat with due to the presence of two points (lateral and medial) on the septal process and a significant fissure formed between the nasal, lacrimal, frontal and maxillary bones. In addition to these similarities, the formations which were specific to the roe deer were structures such as the number and position of the lacrimal foramen and presence of an uncertain muscular tubercle in the basilar portion of the occipital bone. In addition, the craniometric parameters specific to the roe deer’s skull were determined as the zygomatic, interorbital, neurocranium and nasal lengths

Gerze Horozunda Pecten Oculi nin Makroanatomik Işık ve Elektron Mikroskobik İncelenmesi

Amaç:Yapılan çalışma ile ülkemize ait yerel bir ırk olan gerze horozlarında pekten oculi’ninmakroanatomik, ışık ve elektron mikroskobik yapısının detaylı bir şekilde incelenmesiamaçlandı.Materyal ve Metod:Çalışmada 5 adet Gerze horozuna ait toplam 10 adet göz kullanıldı. Gözlerden 4tanesi ışıkmikroskopta, 3tanesi ise SEM’da, diğer gözler ise makroanatomik incelemede kullanıldı.Alınan doku örneklerine rutin histolojik prosedürü takiben genel yapıyı belirlemek içinCrossman’m üçlü boyaması uygulandı. SEM incelemelerinde kullanılacak dokular, dokutakibi işlemleri ardından Au-Pd kaplanarak farklı büyütmelerde incelendi.Bulgular:Gerze horozunda pectenoculi, discus nevri optici’nin hemen üzerinden başlayarak cameravitı-ea bulbi’ye doğru uzanmaktaydı. 19-21 adet plikadan oluşmuş bir yapı olarak gözlenenPecten oculinin şekli bir akordiona benzemekteydi. Pectenoculinin retinaya bağlı olan tabanıortalama olarak 7.75±0,37mm, en uzun noktadaki yüksekliği 4,45±0,40mm, kalınlığı isel,20±0,19mm olarak ölçüldü. Plicalarm serbest olan apikal uçları bir köprü ile birbirlerinebağlanmaktaydı. Rengi tabanda açık kahve başlayıp apikal kısma doğru yapısındaki pigmentnedeniyle koyulaşmaktaydı.Histolojik ve SEM incelemede içerisinde bol miktarda kan damarıve melanin pigmenti içerdiği saptandı.Sonuç:Bu bulgular ışığında gerze horozunda pekten okuli’nin pilikalı tipte olduğu,makroanatomik, ışık ve elektron mikroskobik yapı bakımından diğer kanatlı türleri ilebenzerlik gösterdiği saptandı.Anahtar Kelimeler.-Anatomy, gerze horozu, pekten oculi, SEM,Purpose:Aim of this study to investigate in detail the pecten oculi of Gerze rooster in a local race ofour country, by using macroscopic, light and electron microscopic techniques.Material and Methods:A total of 10 eyes that were obtained from 5 Gerze rooster were used. Four of the eyes wereexamined by light microscope while the other three with an electron microscope. Afterroutine histological procedures the resulting tissue samples stained using Crossman’s triplestain technique. The resulting tissue samples were covered with gold-palladium, and wereexamined by scanning electron microscope (Leica, Leo 440, UK) with differentmagnifications.Findings:Pecten oculi in Gerze rooster immediately starting from discus n. optici is to camera vitreabulbi extends. The pecten was composed of 19-21 pleats, and its appearance resembled anaccordion. The length of the pecten oculi at the basal part attached to the retina was7.75±0,37mm on average, The average height on the longest point of the pecten was4,45±0,40mm and the thickness was 1.20 ± 0,19mm. The dorsal ends of the pleats wereconnected to each other. Its brown color darkened from basal part to apex because it containsmelanin pigment. Histological and SEM examination revealed that in plenty of blood vesselsand contain melanin pigment.Result: These findings from that Gerze rooster in the pecten oculi the pilikal type,macroanatomic, light and electron microscopic structure was found to be similar with respectto other avian species.Key Words: Anatomy, gerze rosster, pecten oculi, SEM.</p

Light and electron microscopic studies on the pecten oculi showing blood-retina barrier properties in Turkey's native Gerze chicken

The pecten oculi is a highly vascularized and pigmented organ that projects from the optic disc into the vitreous body in the avian eye. In this study, the pecten oculi of Turkey's native Gerze chicken was examined by light and scanning electron microscopy. Furthermore, the localization of some adherens junction components (E-cadherin and pan-cadherin) in intact vessels of the blood-retina barrier was investigated by immunohistochemistry. In the Gerze chicken, the pecten oculi was a thin structure, which was located over the head of the discus nervi optici and projected from the retina into the corpus vitreum. The pecten oculi consisted of 18-21 highly vascularized pleats, joined apically by a bridge and resembled an accordion in appearance. Hyalocytes and melanocytes were observed around the small and large vessels. The morphometric data of the pecten oculi showed that there were no statistical differences in terms of sex. The immunohistochemical analysis of the pecten oculi, which is used as a model for the investigation of the formation and maturation of the barrier properties in the central nervous system, revealed cytoplasmic E-cadherin and pan-cadherin immunoreactivity in the endothelial cells of the small, large and capillary vessels. These observations suggest that while the morphological and histological structure of the Gerze chicken's pecten oculi was generally similar to that of other diurnal domestic birds, the pecten oculi, a model system for vascular differentiation and the blood-retina barrier, expressed different cadherins

Saanen keçilerinde pylorus ve duodenum un histolojik scanning elektron mikroskobik yapısı ile bezlerinin histokimyasal özellikleri

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, saanen keçilerinde duodenum ile pylorusun histolojik ve scanningelektron mikroskopik yapısı ile Brunner ve pylorus bezlerinin histokimyasal özelliklerininbelirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır.Materyal-Metot: Çalışmada toplam 4 adet erişkin Saanen keçisi kullanıldı. Alınan dokuörneklerine rutin histolojik prosedürü takiben genel yapıyı belirlemek için Crossman’ın üçlüboyaması, Brunner ve pylorus bezlerindeki musinlerin histokimyasal özelliklerini belirlemedeise AB-PAS ve AF-AB teknikleri uygulandı. SEM incelemelerinde kullanılacak dokular,doku takibi işlemleri ardından Au-Pd kaplanarak farklı büyütmelerde incelendi.Bulgular: Histolojik olarak pylorus ve duodenum yüzey epiteli tek katlı prizmatiközelliğindeydi. Histokimyasal olarak incelendiğinde pylorusun yüzey epitelinde nötralmüsinler, pylorus bezlerinde ise asidik müsinler (çoğunlukla sülfatlı müsinler) daha fazla idi.Duodenum yüzey epitelinde bulunan kadeh hücrelerinde ve Brunner bez epitel hücrelerindenötral ve mikst karakterde müsinler belirlendi. SEM incelemelerinde pylorus yüzeyindefoveola gastrikalann lumene açılan delikleri 5 pım çapında iken, duodenum yüzeyindeyüksekliği yaklaşık 100-150 |xm uzunluğunda villus intestinalislere rastlandı.Sonuç: Pylorus ve duodenumun genel yapısının diğer memeli türleri ile benzer olduğunu vebu bölgelerde yerleşen bezlerin salgılarının nötral ve asidik (karboksilli ve sülfat grupları)müsinleri içerdiği gösterilmiştir. Dolayısıyla bileşeni müsin olan bu mukus katmanının,saanen keçisinde mukoza ile mikrobial patojenler arasında bir bariyer oluşturarak mukozayıkuruma ve toksinlerle bulaşık gıdalara karşı koruduğu düşünülebilir.Anahtar kelimeler: Saanen keçisi, pylorus, duodenum, histokimya, müsinAim: In this study, the histological and scanning electron microscopic structures of pylorusand duodenum in Saanen goat and the determination of histochemical features of pylorus andBrunner’s glands were aimed.Material and Method: In the study, totally 4 adult saanen goat were used. In the tissuesamples, Crossman's trichrome stain were applied for the determination of the overallstructure followed by routine histological procedures. AB-PAS and AF-AB techniques wereused for the determination of histochemical features of mucins in pylorus and Brunner’sglands. In SEM analysis, tissue samples were examined at different magnifications followedby Au-Pd coating after tissue processing.Results: Histologically, the pylorus and duodenum epithelium were the single stratifiedcolumnar epithelium. When examined histochemically, neutral and mixed mucins werepresent in surface epithelium of pylorus, Brunner’s gland cells and in goblet cell of theduodenum, while acidic mucins (mostly sulfated mucins) were higher in pylorus glands. InSEM analysis, while the diameter of the openings of foveola gastrica to lumen in pylorussurface were about 5 mm, villus intestinalis whose height in the surface of duodenum werefound approximately 100-150 |amConclusion: The general structures of pylorus and duodenum were resemble to the othermammals and the secretions of glands localized in this region that included neutral and acidic(carboxylic and sulphate groups) musins were demonstrated. Therefore, we suggest that themucin component of the mucus layer creating a barrier between mucosa and microbialpathogens in Saanen goats protect against mucosal drying and washing food with toxins.Key words: Duodenum, Histochemistry, Mucin, Pylorus, Saanen goats.</p

Tarsal plate: Protective Structure Peculiar to Buzzard's (Buteo buteo) Palpebra Inferioris

WOS: 000285216200017The study was carried out to investigate the effects of some external egg traits on hatchability using classification tree mRapid increase in human population leads to frequent contact with wild animals. Recently, the number of wild animals brought to the clinic of Faculty of Veterinary Medicine increased in consequence of illegal hunting, injury and road accident. In the present study, 16 palpebra inferiores of 8 buzzards (Buteo buteo) were investigated by subgros and histological methods. Palpebra inferioris responsible of covering cornea was longer than superior palpebra and supported with a dense connective tissue structure called tarsal plate. Tarsal plate in the buzzard has a strong structure and suitable form to protect eye. This strong tarsal plate should be kept in mind during surgical approach of inferior palpebra.Project Menagement Office of Ondokuz Mayis UniversityOndokuz Mayis University [PYO. VET.1901.09.007]This study has been supported by Project Menagement Office of Ondokuz Mayis University (Project No: PYO. VET.1901.09.007

Abnormal cervical vertebrae of the British horse

Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi kliniklerine gelen bir İngiliz atinin nekropsisi sırasında altıncı ve yedinci cervical vertebrae'da anomali fark edildi. Diseksiyon yöntemleri kullanılarak elde edilen boyun omurları incelendi. Altıncı cervical vertebrae’nm crista centralist sahip olduğu ve görünüm itibariyle 3-4-5. cervical vertebraiya benzediği dikkat çekti. Yedinci cervical vertebrae’nm ise corpus’unun normalden daha uzun olduğu,proccessus spinosuiunun belirgin olmadığı,processus transversuiunun ise üç çıkıntıdan şekillendiği ve lateral’den kızak görünümüne sahip olduğu gözlendi. Ayrıca foramen transversarium her iki tarafta da mevcuttu. Sonuç olarak, altıcı cervical vertebrae’nm 3-4-5. cervical vertebrae özelliğinde olduğu, yedinci’nin ise hem altıncı hem de yedinci cervical vertebrae’nm özelliklerini beraberinde taşıdığı tespit edildi.The abnormality was noticed in the 6th and 7th cervical vertebra of the English horse which had been brought to the Ondokuz Mayıs University Clinics. Cervical part of the vertebral column was dissected out and investigated. It was detected that the 6 th cervical vertebra had a ventral crest and therefore it had resemblance to 3-4-5. cervical vertebra. Besides, body of the 7th cervical vertebra was longer than normal and the spinous process wasn’t prominent. The transversal processes were consisted of three different projections and had a sled like shape in lateral view. Also the transversal foramina could easily detected at both sides. In conclusion, 6th cervical vertebra had a characteristic shape of 3-4-5. vertebrae and 7th had a typical morphological properties of both 6th and itself